Chemistry of Life Chapter 1, Section 1

Vocabulary review

• What is an atom?

– Building block of all MATTER. Made of

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

• Where are atoms?

– IN EVERYTHING, LIVING AND NON-LIVING!!

– They are even in air!

Atom Review

• Use the back cover of your book and write down 4 elements you remember from 5th grade.

Left side

ATOMS• Most molecules in living things are made from six

kinds of atoms:

– Carbon

– Hydrogen

– Oxygen

– Nitrogen

– Phosphorus

– Sulfur

1.1 Cells and Life

What is a key word in the above statement?

Molecules

• What is a molecule?

– Two or more atoms held together by a bond.

Water—The Main Molecule

• Why do you think water is so important to our bodies? Give two answers.

Left side

Water—The Main Molecule

• 2/3 of our body mass

• Inside cells and surrounds cells

• Allows transport of substances in blood

• Needed for chemical reactions

– (Hint: Everything that happens in your body is a chemical reaction.)

1.1 Cells and Life

Water—The Main Molecule

Draw this picture of a water molecule!

Left side

H20 =

2 Hydrogen

1 Oxygen

Water is a very, VERY, SMALL molecule

Macromolecules• “Big” molecules

– There are four main macromolecules in living things.

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

Proteins - Macromolecules• Tens of thousands of proteins each with a different job.

– Insulin is a protein.

• Needed for almost everything a cell does.

– Movement

– Defense of cells

– Communication with other cells.

– Repair of body tissues / Growth

1.1 Cells and Life

Proteins

• What foods do you eat with protein?

– Animals

• Chicken, steaks, eggs, dairy

– Plants

• Nut, legumes (beans), soy

Proteins

• LOOK AT THE PICTURE

– Highlight or circle all the atoms you can see labeled in the picture.

Carbohydrates - Macromolecules

• Made of one or more sugar molecules

– Glucose: simple sugar

– Starch: a plants storage of glucose. Made of joined glucose molecules.

• Used as fuel and building material to make cells.

1.1 Cells and Life

Carbohydrates

• What foods do you eat with carbohydrates?

– Potatoes, corn, rice, wheat, pasta, oats, soy, legumes (beans)

Basic Carbohydrate

• LOOK AT THE PICTURE

– Highlight or circle all the atoms you can see labeled in the picture.

Lipids

• Lipids do not dissolve in water.

• Store large amounts of energy for long term use.

• The main kinds include:

– Fats

– Phospholipids (make cell membranes).

1.1 Cells and Life

Lipids

• What foods do you eat with lipids?

– Food sources

• Fish, avocado

– Oils, mayonnaise

– But remember we only need a little bit!

Phospholipids

• LOOK AT THE PICTURE

– Highlight or circle all the atoms you can see labeled in the picture.

Nucleic Acids – Macromolecules• Long chains of molecules called nucleotides that make

proteins for your body

– DNA – Genetic material and directions for bodies daily functions and key to reproduction.

– RNA – Needed to copy DNA

1.1 Cells and Life

Nucleic Acids

• What foods do you eat that give you nucleic acid?

It is a trick question, sort of . . .

– Proteins

– Fruits

– Veggies

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• LOOK AT THE PICTURE

– Highlight or circle all the atoms you can see labeled in the picture.

Atoms, Molecules, and my cells

• Everything I do requires energy, even sleeping.

• Everything I do damages cells.

• Everyday I need to make more cells.

Atoms, Molecules, and my cells cont.• My body needs me to eat right

so it can break the food down to get the ATOMS to make more CELLS and repair ones that get damaged.

BONUS

• What does your family feed you when you don’t feel good?

• Why?