• Chemistry is the study of matter and how it changes

• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space

• Mass – resistance to change in motion

• Two types of matter-– Substance - Pure– Mixture - more than one substance

• The word “kinetic” means motion

• Three main parts of the theory:– All matter is made of tiny particles– These particles are in constant motion and

the higher the temperature, the faster the particles move

– At the same temperature, heavier particles move slower.

• Particles are tightly packed

• Particles are stuck to each other in a pattern

• Particles vibrate in place• Particles can not flow• Constant volume• Have very little energy

• Particles are tightly packed

• Particles are able to slide past each other

• Particles can flow• Constant volume• Have a medium

energy level

Liquids

• Spread out on their own

• Fluids- gases and liquids both flow

• Viscosity- the resistance to flow; also called thickness.

• The better the molecules stick to each other, the more resistance

• Particles are spread out

• Particles are flying all over the place

• Particles can flow

• Take the volume of whatever container it is in

• Have lots of energy

•Lightning is a plasma•Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged•Used in fluorescent light bulbs and neon lights•Extremely high energy levels

Plasma has no definite shape or volume

Law of Conservation of Energy

Law of Conservation of Energy

• This scientific law states that in all changes, energy cannot be created or destroyed

• All the energy you put in, you get out!!!!!

•The energy that comes from the electrical outlet to the hairdryer is released through the hair dryer.•The exact same amount of energy that went into the hairdryer will come out of the hairdryer.

Law of Conservation of Mass

• In all changes, mass cannot be created or destroyed

• All the mass you start with you end with

• It might be hard to count

2 H2 + O2 ---> 2 H2O

Energy is the ability to change or move matter

Endothermic – change when energy is absorbed or taken in by the substance as it changes states.

•“endo” means inside

•“therm” means heat

Exothermic – change when energy is removed from or taken out of the substance as it changes states.

“exo” means outside

Phase Changes

• Molecules and atoms don’t change during a phase change

• the composition doesn’t change• The mass doesn’t change• The volume does change• Only the attractions and motion change

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Condensation

• Condensation- Change from gas to liquid

• As you cool a gas the molecules slow down

• As gas molecules slow down they stick together

• Exothermic

Vaporization is a change of state from a liquid to a gas

Examples are: Evaporation,

Boiling

Endothermic

• Sublimation is a change of state from a solid directly to a gas

Examples are: dry ice and ice trays in a freezer.

endothermic

Deposition is a change of state from a gas directly to a solid.

Example is making dry ice.

Exothermic

Freezing is a change of stateFrom a liquid to a solid

Examples are: water to ice

liquid lava to solid rock

• Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid

Examples are:• Cheese on a hamburger• Ice to water

Properties

• A property is a something that describes matter

– An adjective

– Used to identify the matter

– Used to distinguish between different types

• Allow us to identify substances

• Allow us to separate substances

• Determine uses

Properties

Physical Properties

• Can be observed or measured without changing the composition

• Melting point , boiling point, hardness, odor, ability to conduct electricity and heat

• Density – how heavy something is for its size

• A type of change-

1. Physical Changes- no new type of matter is made

• All the molecules stay the same

Changes

• Might look a little different

• Keeps original properties

• Changing phases

• Making a mixture

• Cutting

• Grinding

• Dissolving

Physical Changes