Isotope DataElementIsotopeMassAbundanceHydrogenH(1)1.00782599.990H(2)2.0141020.015HeliumHe(3)3.0160290.000He(4)4.002603100.000LithiumLi(6)6.0151237.420Li(7)7.01600592.580BerylliumBe(9)9.012183100.000BoronB(10)10.01293819.800B(11)11.00930580.200CarbonC(12)12.00000098.900C(13)13.0033551.100NitrogenN(14)14.00307499.630N(15)15.0001090.370OxygenO(16)15.99491599.760O(17)16.9991310.038O(18)17.9991590.200FluorineF(19)18.998403100.000NeonNe(20)19.99243990.600Ne(21)20.9938450.260Ne(22)21.9913849.200SodiumNa(23)22.989770100.000MagnesiumMg(24)23.98504578.900Mg(25)24.98583910.000Mg(26)25.98259511.100AluminumAl(27)26.981541100.000SiliconSi(28)27.97692892.230Si(29)28.9764964.670Si(30)29.9737723.100PhosphorusP(31)30.973763100.000SulfurS(32)31.97207295.020S(33)32.9714590.750S(34)33.9678684.210ChlorineCl(35)34.96885375.770S(36)35.9670790.020ArgonAr(36)35.9675460.340Cl(37)36.96590324.230Ar(38)37.9627320.063PotassiumK(39)38.96370893.200Ar(40)39.96238399.600CalciumCa(40)39.96259196.950K(40)39.9639990.012K(41)40.9618256.730Ca(42)41.9586220.650Ca(43)42.9587700.140Ca(44)43.9554852.086ScandiumSc(45)44.955914100.000TitaniumTi(46)45.9526338.000Ca(46)45.9536890.004Ti(47)46.9517657.300Ti(48)47.94794773.800Ca(48)47.9525320.190Ti(49)48.9478715.500Ti(50)49.9447865.400ChromiumCr(50)49.9460464.350VanadiumV(50)49.9471610.250V(51)50.94396399.750Cr(52)51.94051083.790Cr(53)52.9406519.500Cr(54)53.9388822.360IronFe(54)53.9396125.800ManganeseMn(55)54.938046100.000Fe(56)55.93493991.720Fe(57)56.9353962.200Fe(58)57.9332780.280NickelNi(58)57.93534768.270CobaltCo(59)58.933198100.000Ni(60)59.93078926.100Ni(61)60.9310591.130Ni(62)61.9283463.590CopperCu(63)62.92959969.170Ni(64)63.9279680.910ZincZn(64)63.92914548.600Cu(65)64.92779230.830Zn(66)65.92603527.900Zn(67)66.9271294.100Zn(68)67.92484618.800GalliumGa(69)68.92558160.100GermaniumGe(70)69.92425020.500Zn(70)69.9253250.600Ga(71)70.92470139.900Ge(72)71.92208027.400Ge(73)72.9234647.800Ge(74)73.92117936.500SeleniumSe(74)73.9224770.900ArsenicAs(75)74.921596100.000Se(76)75.9192079.000Ge(76)75.9214037.800Se(77)76.9199087.600Se(78)77.91730423.500KryptonKr(78)77.9203970.350BromineBr(79)78.91833650.690Kr(80)79.9163752.250Se(80)79.91652149.600Br(81)80.91629049.310Kr(82)81.91348311.600Se(82)81.9167099.400Kr(83)82.91413411.500Kr(84)83.91150657.000StrontiumSr(84)83.9134280.560RubidiumRb(85)84.91180072.170Sr(86)85.9092739.860Kr(86)85.91061417.300Sr(87)86.9089027.000Rb(87)86.90918427.840Sr(88)87.90562582.580YttriumY(89)88.905856100.000ZirconiumZr(90)89.90470851.450Zr(91)90.90564411.270Zr(92)91.90503917.170MolybdenumMo(92)91.90680914.840NiobiumNb(93)92.906378100.000Mo(94)93.9050869.250Zr(94)93.90631917.330Mo(95)94.90583815.920Mo(96)95.90467616.680RutheniumRu(96)95.9075965.520Zr(96)95.9082722.780Mo(97)96.9060189.550Ru(98)97.9052871.880Mo(98)97.90540524.130Ru(99)98.90593712.700Ru(100)99.90421812.600Mo(100)99.9074739.630Ru(101)100.90558117.000Ru(102)101.90434831.600PalladiumPd(102)101.9056091.020RhodiumRh(103)102.905503100.000Pd(104)103.90402611.140Ru(104)103.90542218.700Pd(105)104.90507522.330Pd(106)105.90347527.330CadmiumCd(106)105.9064611.250SilverAg(107)106.90509551.840Pd(108)107.90389426.460Cd(108)107.9041860.890Ag(109)108.90475448.160Cd(110)109.90300712.490Pd(110)109.90516911.720Cd(111)110.90418212.800Cd(112)111.90276124.130TinSn(112)111.9048260.970IndiumIn(113)112.9040564.300Cd(113)112.90440112.220Sn(114)113.9027840.650Cd(114)113.90336128.730Sn(115)114.9033480.360In(115)114.90387595.700Sn(116)115.90174414.700Cd(116)115.9047587.490Sn(117)116.9029547.700Sn(118)117.90160724.300Sn(119)118.9033108.600Sn(120)119.90219932.400TelluriumTe(120)119.9040210.096AntimonySb(121)120.90382457.300Te(122)121.9030552.600Sn(122)121.9034404.600Sb(123)122.90422242.700Te(123)122.9042780.910Te(124)123.9028254.820Sn(124)123.9052715.600XenonXe(124)123.9058940.100Te(125)124.9044357.140Te(126)125.90331018.950Xe(126)125.9042810.090IodineI(127)126.904477100.000Xe(128)127.9035311.910Te(128)127.90446431.690Xe(129)128.90478026.400Xe(130)129.9035104.100Te(130)129.90622933.800BariumBa(130)129.9062770.110Xe(131)130.90507621.200Xe(132)131.90414826.900Ba(132)131.9050420.100CesiumCs(133)132.905433100.000Ba(134)133.9044902.420Xe(134)133.90539510.400Ba(135)134.9056686.590Ba(136)135.9045567.850CeriumCe(136)135.9071400.190Xe(136)135.9072198.900Ba(137)136.90581611.230Ba(138)137.90523671.700Ce(138)137.9059960.250LanthanumLa(138)137.9071140.090La(139)138.90635599.910Ce(140)139.90544288.480PraseodymiumPr(141)140.907657100.000NeodymiumNd(142)141.90773127.130Ce(142)141.90924911.080Nd(143)142.90982312.180Nd(144)143.91009623.800SamariumSm(144)143.9120093.100Nd(145)144.9125828.300Nd(146)145.91312617.190Sm(147)146.91490715.000Sm(148)147.91483211.300Nd(148)147.9169015.760Sm(149)148.91719313.800Sm(150)149.9172857.400Nd(150)149.9209005.640EuropiumEu(151)150.91986047.800Sm(152)151.91974126.700GadoliniumGd(152)151.9198030.200Eu(153)152.92124352.200Gd(154)153.9208762.180Sm(154)153.92221822.700Gd(155)154.82262914.800Gd(156)155.92213020.470DysprosiumDy(156)155.9242870.060Gd(157)156.92396715.650Gd(158)157.92411124.840Dy(158)157.9244120.100TerbiumTb(159)158.925350100.000Dy(160)159.9252032.340Gd(160)159.92706121.860Dy(161)160.92693918.900Dy(162)161.92680525.500ErbiumEr(162)161.9287870.140Dy(163)162.92873724.900Dy(164)163.92918328.200Er(164)163.9292111.610HolmiumHo(165)164.930332100.000Er(166)165.93030533.600Er(167)166.93206122.950Er(168)167.93238326.800YtterbiumYb(168)167.9339080.130ThuliumTm(169)168.934225100.000Yb(170)169.9347743.050Er(170)169.93547614.900Yb(171)170.93633814.300Yb(172)171.93639321.900Yb(173)172.93822216.120Yb(174)173.93887331.800HafniumHf(174)173.9400650.160LutetiumLu(175)174.94078597.400Hf(176)175.9414205.200Yb(176)175.94257612.700Lu(176)175.9426942.600Hf(177)176.94323318.600Hf(178)177.94371027.100Hf(179)178.94582713.740Hf(180)179.94656135.200TungstenW(180)179.9467270.130TantalumTa(180)179.9474890.012Ta(181)180.94801499.990W(182)181.94822526.300W(183)182.95024514.300W(184)183.95095330.670OsmiumOs(184)183.9525140.020RheniumRe(185)184.95297737.400Os(186)185.9538521.580W(186)185.95437728.600Os(187)186.9557621.600Re(187)186.95576562.600Os(188)187.95585013.300Os(189)188.95815616.100Os(190)189.95845526.400PlatinumPt(190)189.9599370.010IridiumIr(191)190.96060337.300Pt(192)191.9610490.790Os(192)191.96148741.000Ir(193)192.96294262.700Pt(194)193.96267932.900Pt(195)194.96478533.800Pt(196)195.96494725.300MercuryHg(196)195.9658120.150GoldAu(197)196.966560100.000Hg(198)197.96676010.100Pt(198)197.9678797.200Hg(199)198.96826917.000Hg(200)199.96831623.100Hg(201)200.97029313.200Hg(202)201.97063229.650ThalliumTl(203)202.97233629.520LeadPb(204)203.9730371.400Hg(204)203.9734816.800Tl(205)204.97441070.480Pb(206)205.97445524.100Pb(207)206.97588522.100Pb(208)207.97664152.400BismuthBi(209)208.980388100.000ThoriumTh(232)232.038054100.000UraniumU(234)234.0409470.006U(235)235.0439250.720U(238)238.05078699.270

Relative mass and abundance of the elements_x000D_

Ex_dataExample 1Copy 10 rows of the isotope database into the space below.
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Copy the isotope data from the previous sheet and paste it here.Ba(135)134.9056686.590Ba(134)133.9044902.420Ba(132)131.9050420.100BariumBa(130)129.9062770.110Sb(123)122.90422242.700AntimonySb(121)120.90382457.300ArsenicAs(75)74.921596100.000Ar(40)39.96238399.600Ar(38)37.9627320.063ArgonAr(36)35.9675460.340AluminumAl(27)26.981541100.000

Example 2Sort the four columns, by the mass of the most abundant isotope in your data set.Example 3Search for the letters "um" in your data set. Is it there?Yes

Example Manipulations

1. Manipulating data

a. Copying and pasting data in a spreadsheet

To select a block of cells: hold shift while using the arrow keysTo select a row or a column: click the row or column headerTo copy a selection: command + cTo paste a selection: command + v

b. Sorting data

To do an ascending sort a single column of cells: press Sort AZ button on the toolbarTo do a descending sort a single column of cells: press Sort ZA button on the toolbar

To do a complex sort on a block of cells, navigate to the title bar:Data >> SortAnd choose the column that you want to be primary, secondary, etc. sort criteria.

c. Searching data

To find a value in a columnSelect the column, navigate to the title barEdit >> FindAnd type the term you wish to search for.

Ex_calculationsExample 14.52134504.981.2239.43513.15
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Add this column using the "AutoSum" button.Example 246123.425.4
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Add this row using the "AutoSum" button.Example 3Take the average of the following numbers by adding them, and dividing by 545903532226.5342811000223005sum :6276726.5
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Tip: Add them first, then in a new cell divide the sum by 5.average:12553.45.3

Example 4Find the average mass of the following isotope.Long hand you would do this by converting the abundance from percent to decimal, then multiplying the mass of each isotope by its abundance and summing them up.ElementIsotopeMass% Abundance
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Convert the abundance to decimal by dividing by 100.
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Use this column to multiply each mass by the abundance.ElementIsotopeMass% Abundance
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Convert the abundance to decimal by dividing by 100.
Wendy Topic: Wendy Topic:Use this column to multiply each mass by the abundance.UraniumU(234)234.0409470.0060.000060.0140424568TitaniumTi(46)45.9526338.0000.083.67621064U(235)235.0439250.7200.00721.69231626Ti(47)46.9517657.3000.0733.427479U(238)238.05078699.2700.9927236.3130152622Ti(48)47.94794773.8000.73835.385584886Ti(49)48.9478715.5000.0552.692132905Average mass238.019373979Ti(50)49.9447865.4000.0542.697018444

Average mass

Example Manipulations

2.Calculations in spreadsheets

a.SumsTo add a series of cellsselect cells in a row or column + an additional blank cell at the endpress the AutoSum button ()

b.EquationsTo do a calculation with spreadsheet data, click on a blank cellbegin with a = signtype the cell number where your data is (or click on the cell)use + and - for addition and subtractionuse * and / for multiplication and division

Ex_Graphing

ElementIsotopeMassAbundanceElementIsotopeMassAbundanceDysprosiumDy(156)155.920.06Dy(158)157.920.1Dy(160)159.932.34Dy(161)160.9318.9Dy(162)161.9325.5Dy(163)162.9324.9Dy(164)163.9328.2Example 1Re-create the graph to the right, using the data above.

2. To graph dataSelect two columns to graph navigate to the title barInsert >> chartSelect the X Y (scatter) graphTo make the chart shown to the right, the markers were turned off,and the Y error bars were set to 100% and the error bar linewidth was increased to 7.75 pt.If the graph looks wrong, click on the chart and navigate to, Chart >> Source data >>x-axis: massy-axis: abundance

Q 1Q1. Use your database skills to find,a) the heaviest single isotope element.Uranium 238b) the isotope that has the mass closest to 100.Molybdenum 100c) the only isotope with a mass that is EXACTLY a whole (integer) number.**hint: make sure you are searching in "values"!Carbon 12d) suggest a reason why the isotope in question 1c is an integer value.Because masses of the whole periodic table are based assuming C(12) mass is 12 g/mol

Q 2Q2. Calculate the average mass of tin, given the isotopic data below.ElementIsotopeMassAbundanceTinSn(112)111.9048260.9701.0854768122Sn(114)113.9027840.6500.740368096Sn(115)114.9033480.3600.4136520528Sn(116)115.90174414.70017.037556368Sn(117)116.9029547.7009.001527458Sn(118)117.90160724.30028.650090501Sn(119)118.9033108.60010.22568466Sn(120)119.90219932.40038.848312476Sn(122)121.9034404.6005.60755824Sn(124)123.9052715.6006.938695176Average mass118.54892184

Q 3Q 3. Using the data from the graph, calculate the average mass of the Topicium element.33.90449000000001133.904492.53134.90566799999999134.9056686.689MassAbundance35.904556000000014135.9045567.853431.0236.90581599999999136.90581611.233572.4537.905236137.90523671.73682.8837114.07387126.9837.4Average mass 37.4

Q 4Q4. a) Calculate the average mass of the element shown in the graph to the right.b) Identify the element based on its mass spectrum. Defend your reasoning.31.97207295.0232.9714590.75MassAbundance33.9678684.21329530.435.9670790.023310.333441.36a.Average mass32.09b.It's Sulphur, as the isotopes shown in the spectrum are the same of those in Sulphur

Q 5Q 5. You analyse a sample of material that contains TWO elements, it's spectrum is shown on the right.Pt(190)189.9599370.01a) Deduce which two elements are present in the sample. Explain your reasoning.Pt(192)191.9610490.79Pt(194)193.96267932.9One is gold, the other is platinum, as gold only has one isotope which is 197Pt(195)194.96478533.8which like shown in the spectrum, constitutes 100% of the abundance, the other isotopesPt(196)195.96494725.3are exactly the ones of platinum, therefore it is that elementPt(198)197.9678797.2Au(197)196.96656100.0

Q 6Q 5. You analyse a sample of material that contains an unknown number of elements.The spectrum is shown on the right.Pt(190)53.9396125.8a) How many elements are in your sample? Explain your reasoning.Pt(192)55.93493991.72Pt(194)56.9353960000000042.23; isotopes 54, 56 and 57 amount to 100 %, isotope 59 is one of it's own and isotopesPt(195)57.9332780.2863 and 65 also add up to 100% abundancePt(196)58.933198100.0Pt(198)62.92959969.17Au(197)64.92779230.83

Super CSuperchallengeOnce you have finished all of your other work, you can tackle these superchallenges. They are not for the faint of heart.SC 1Pick an element with at least 5 isotopes and make a chart of its mass spectrum.SC 2In all the previous samples, the sample studied was either made up of 100% of a single element, or the elements were present in 1:1 proportions (like NaCl or MnO).Pick two elements and combine them in a 2:1 or 3:1 mixture. Make a chart of the resulting mass spectrum.SC 3The natural abundance of isotopes reflects the stability of the nuclei (made of protons and neutrons). Using isotopic data from the first 20 elements,suggest which proton/neutron combinations result in a particularly stable nucleus.

AnswersSC 1TitaniumMassAbundanceTi(46)45.95308.000Ti(47)46.95187.300Ti(48)47.947973.800Ti(49)48.94795.500Ti(50)49.94485.400SC 3A nucleus will be stable if the neutrons are equal or higher than the protons