8/9/2019 CHEMISTRY in EVERYDAY LIFE Along With Supplementary
Topic
1/1
CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Competitive inhibitors :Drugs compete with the natural substrate
for their attachment on the active sites of
enzymes. Such drugs are called competitive inhibitors
Allosteric site: Some drugs do not bind to the enzymes active
site. These bind to a different site of enzyme
which is called allosteric site. This binding of inhibitor at
allosteric site changes the shape of the active site in
such a way that substrate can-not recognise it.
Receptors as Dr! Tar!ets "
Receptors are proteins that are crucial to bodys communication
process.
Anta!onists: Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit
its natural function are called antagonists. These
are useful when blocing of message is re!uired.
A!onists: There are other types of drugs that mimic the natural
messenger by switching on the receptor" these
are called agonists. These are useful when there is lac of
natural chemical messenger.
Antaci#: neutralize e#cess acid in the stomach. $#:
%g&'()*"digene etc
Antihistamines: prevent allergic reactions $#:Ranitidine"
Dimetapp and Seldane
Tran$ili%ers: +hemical substances used for the treatment of
stress and mild or severe mental diseases $#
Derivatives of barbituric acids lie veronal" amytal" nembutal"
luminal" seconal"$!uinal
Anal!esics: +hemical substances used to relieve pain without
causing any disturbances in the nervous systemNon&narcotic
anal!esics: They are non-addictive drugs $#: ,spirin" buprofen"
Narcotic anal!esics: hen administered in medicinal doses" these
drugs relieve pain and produce sleep $# :
%orphine
Antibiotics: +hemical substances produced by microorganisms that
ill or prevent the growth of other microbes
'roa# spectrm antibiotics-ill or inhibit a wide range of
grampositive and gram negative bacteria.
$# : ,mpicillin and ,mo#ycillin
Narro( spectrm antibioticsare effective against either gram
positive or gram negative bacteria
$#: /enicillin 0
Limite# spectrm antibioticsare effective against a single
organism or disease
Antiseptics: +hemical substances that ill or prevent growth of
microorganisms and can be applied on livingtissues such as cuts"$#:
Soframicine" dettol
Disin)ectants: +hemical substances that ill microorganisms but
cannot be applied on living tissues such as
cuts" wounds etc. $#: +hlorine " bithional" iodoform
Anionic #eter!ents: are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain
alcohols or hydrocarbons.
$# : sodium laurylsulphate
Cationic #eter!ents: are !uarternary ammonium salts of amines
with acetates" chlorides or bromides as
anions.$#: +etyltrimethylammonium bromide
Non& ionic #eter!ents: They do not contain any ion in their
constitution. $# : ester of polyethylene glycol and
stearic acid.
Antio*i#ants : These compounds are food additives that retard
the action of o#ygen on food thus reducing its
speed of decomposition by o#idation. (ence they help in the
preservation of food.
$# :butylated hydro#y toluene &1(T) and butylated hydro#y
anisole &1(,)
