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Chemistry Edition
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Acids &Acids &BasesBases IonsIons Sargent’sSargent’s
choicechoiceBondingBondingFormulasFormulasPeriodicPeriodicTable Table
BiologyBiology
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A: Elements are organized on the periodic table by atomic number which indicates the number of _____ in an atom.
$100$100Q: What are protons?
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A: The family of elements that will lose 2e- to become stable.
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Q: What is the alkaline-earth metals family (column IIA)?
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A: Elements are organized into families (columns). Elements of the same family act similar chemically due to having the same number of _______.
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Q: What are valence electrons?
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A: An atom of oxygen (column VIA) has this many valence electrons.
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Q: What is six?
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A: The noble gases are stable due to being “full”, having ____ valence electrons.
(Helium is an exception)
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Q: What is eight valence e-?
(“octet”)
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A: The ratio of ions in a formula has to be such that the compound has no net _________.
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Q: What is charge?
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A: The formula of an ionic compound will always have at least one ________ element and at least one nonmetal element.
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Q: What is a metal?
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A: The formula of barium chloride.
(Ba+2 and Cl-)
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Q: What is BaCl2?
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A: This family of metals is located in the middle of the periodic table and their ion charges vary between +1 and +4. A # in ( ) follows the name of the metal in a compound name to tell you the charge of the metal ion.
ex: Iron (II)
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Q: What are the transition metals?
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A: The formula for magnesium nitrate.
A. Mg3N2
B. MgNO3
C. Mg(NO3)2
D. MgNO2
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Q: What is letter C: Mg(NO3)2?
$100$100A: Acids cause this change in litmus
paper.
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Q: What is turn blue litmus paper pink?
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A: A solution that is blue when BTB is added must contain ______ ions.
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Q: What is hydroxide (OH-) ions?
(BTB = blue if the solution is a base)
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A: Of soda (pH3) and vinegar (pH1), the solution that is the more concentrated acid.
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Q: What is vinegar?
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A: “Neutral” refers to a substance with pH7 (not acidic or basic). In labs 6.3 and 6.4 you saw that pure water and ________ are both neutral.
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Q: What are “salts” (or salt solutions)?
(salt = any ionic compound that is a general m+/nm- combo like calcium fluoride, lithium sulfide…)
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A: If lemon juice is an acid, it must contain these ions.
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Q: What are hydrogen ions (H+)?
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A: Ions have a net charge because they have lost or gained _________.
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Q: What are electrons?
http://www.gbrownc.on.ca/~cnowak/1280.html
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A: The charge on a phosphorus ion.
(Phosphorus is in column VA)
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Q: What is negative three (3-)?
(column VA = 5 valence e-, needs to gain 3e-)
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A: All _______ elements form positive ions due to losing e- to be stable.
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Q: What are metal elements?
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A: The ions present in a solution if the solution has a pH of 12.
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Q: What are hydroxide ions?
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A: The number of electrons in a chloride ION.
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Q: What is 18?
(chlorine atom has 17e- but will gain 1e- to be stable. +17 protons -18e- = -1 charged ion)
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A: The type of bond between the atoms in molecules, such as sugar, or between atoms of a polyatomic ion.
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Q: What is a covalent bond?
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A: The bond between particles in the compound calcium oxide.
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A: What is ionic bond?
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A: An ionic bond is formed when this event occurs.
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Q: What is the transfer of electrons?
(m nm)
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A: A water molecule has partial charges that allow it to attract many types of particles due to having this type of covalent bond.
Hint: the e- are not shared equally
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Q: What is a polar covalent bond?
$500$500A: In this type of bond e- are
constantly transferred from atom to atom creating a shared “sea of electrons”.
Hint: it exists between gold atoms in a gold ring or between aluminum atoms in aluminum foil…
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Q: What is a metallic bond?
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A: A polyatomic ion remains a group of atoms even when dissolved because the atoms are held together by this type of bond that doesn’t break during dissolving.
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Q: What is a covalent bond?
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A: Of a solution with pH 2 and a solution with pH 5, the one that has more H+.
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Q: What is pH 2?
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A: Since oil does not dissolve in water, oil must have this type of covalent bond.
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Q: What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
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A: When tested with litmus paper, detergent causes pink litmus to turn blue. Therefore, detergent must be this type of compound (solution).
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Q: What is a base (basic)?
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A: A very reactive nonmetal family (column VIIA).
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Q: What is the Halogens family?
