Chemistry AIChapter 1

A.Chemistry(Section 1.1) 1.What is chemistry?

 a. Matter

The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.

Anything that takes up space and has mass

2.Five Major Areas  of Study

1. Organic chemistry- the study of all chemicals containing carbon2. Inorganic chemistry- the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon3. Biochemistry- the study of processes that take place in organisms4. Analytical chemistry- the study of the composition of matter5. Physical chemistry- concerned with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs during a chemical reaction

3. Reasons to study chemistry

 a. Pure  Chemistry

 b. Applied  Chemistry

 c. Technology

research dedicated to the pursuit of chemical knowledge

research directed towards a practical goal or application

Means by which society provides its members with those things needed anddesired

See page 18

4. Scientific Thinking(Section 1.3)

 a. Alchemy Development of the tools and techniques for working with chemicals (ex. purifying chemicals, designing equipment)

b. Antoine Lavoisier

• He made measurements of combustion reactions in sealed containers

• He determined that fire needed oxygen to burn

• He was the first to make measurements instead of just observations

c. Scientific Method

 1. Observation

 2. Hypothesis

 3. Experiment

A logical systematic approach to solving scientific problems

uses five senses

educated prediction

test your hypothesis a. manipulated  variable

 b. responding  variable

 

The factor that you change (i.e.. independent variable)

The variable that is observed (i.e.. the dependent variable)

 4. Theory

 5. Law

 

Well-tested explanation

Concise statement that summarizes the results of many experiments