Chemistry

Of Life

Of Cells

Of Ch. 2

Prefix and Suffix List

• Di = Two

• Glyc = Sweet

• Mono = One

• Lip = Fat

• Lyt = dissolvable

• Poly = Many

• Sacchar = sugar

• Syn= together

Chemistry Review - Elements

• Pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

• 90 occur naturally

• 25 essential to life: O, C, H, N– 0= 65%, C=18.5%, H=9.5%, N=3.2%

• Atom: smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Chemistry Review Atoms

• Three major parts. (Pg24)– Protons: Positive Charge. Inside Nucleus

– Neutrons: Neutral Charge. Inside Nucleus:

– Electrons: Negative Charge. Outside Nucleus• 2 electrons in first shell• 8 electrons in the second shell• Eight is Great! Will not React with other

atoms.• If the outer shell is not full it will react.

Models of atom showing location of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Atomic structure of several elements

Combining Chemicals

• Compound: When two or more different elements combine.

• Hydrogen Bond: H2O – When hydrogen bonds with a highly electronegative

atom (O or N). Creates a polar molecule.• Covalent bond: CO2

– When atoms on the same side of the chart (same size) bond. Share electrons.

• Can be polar or nonpolar

• Both Hydrogen and Covalent bonds form molecules, ionic bonds do not. Ionic/

Covalent Bonds

Periodic Table

Bonding

Example of a chemical reaction

Combining Chemicals continued

• Ionic Bonds: When atoms on different sides of the chart (different size) bond. Steal electrons. Create Ions

• Ion: Charged particle either negative or positive.

• NaCl = table salt

Ionic Bonding

Covalent bond formation

Checkpoint

• What are the meanings of atomic number, mass number, ion and molecule?

• What is the significance of the valence (outer) shell of an atom?

• Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding.

Solution

• A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance.

• Solute: smaller word, smaller thing

• Solvent: bigger word, bigger thing

The Importance of Water

• Polar molecule (it has a negative and positive charge.)– Can dissolve both Ionic and Polar-Covalent

molecules

• Surface Tension– Cohesion: Sticks to itself.– Adhesion: Like a band-aid. Sticks to stuff

• Capillary Action: Climbs up thin tubes

Organic Compounds:All organic compounds contain Carbon.

• Nucleic Acids: pg. 39 DNA and RNA

–Made of nucleotides: Sugar, Phosphate, and a Nitrogen Base. A::T, C:::G, U

• ATP: energy cells run on.

DNA Molecule

DNA:Go to

Problem

ATP Molecule

ATPExplained