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Chemistry 3AChemistry 3ASpring 2009Spring 2009Brett WilliamsBrett Williams
Lecture: TTh 6:00am-6:55 pm Lecture: TTh 6:00am-6:55 pm
in: Cunn 301in: Cunn 301
Lab: TTh 7:00 pm-9:55 pmLab: TTh 7:00 pm-9:55 pm
in: Cunn 301in: Cunn 301
I can be reached by:I can be reached by:
E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]@cs.com
EE-mail: -mail: [email protected]@deltacollege.edu
Course InfoCourse Info
Lectures Lectures Problem setsProblem sets Assigned homeworkAssigned homework Quizzes Quizzes Lab exercisesLab exercises Lab experimentsLab experiments WorksheetsWorksheets 4 Exams and 1 Final Exam4 Exams and 1 Final Exam
LectureLecture
Presented on computer overheadsPresented on computer overheadsLecture notes are availableLecture notes are available
By downloading files (go to Adj. Faculty Site): By downloading files (go to Adj. Faculty Site): www.deltacollege.edu/emp/bwilliamswww.deltacollege.edu/emp/bwilliams
Not required, but recommendedNot required, but recommended Lecture notes complement the Lecture notes complement the
textbook/assignments but attendance textbook/assignments but attendance is essential to get all of the information is essential to get all of the information you needyou need
Problem SetsProblem Sets
Usually succeed the lecture Usually succeed the lecture Several practice problems associated with Several practice problems associated with
the current lecture topic the current lecture topic These handouts will be covered in class These handouts will be covered in class Problems are to assist you with homework Problems are to assist you with homework
assignmentsassignments Not collected or gradedNot collected or graded Answers will be given or posted during the Answers will be given or posted during the
lab periodlab period
HomeworkHomework
Assigned for each chapterAssigned for each chapterProblems are placed throughout the Problems are placed throughout the
chapterchapterAll odd numbered answers are All odd numbered answers are
placed at the end of the chapter placed at the end of the chapter Not collected or gradedNot collected or gradedNot mandatory, but if you don’t do Not mandatory, but if you don’t do
the HW (most likely) it will affect your the HW (most likely) it will affect your performance on the quizzesperformance on the quizzes
QuizzesQuizzes
Five Chapter QuizzesFive Chapter Quizzes20 pts each20 pts eachNo make-upsNo make-ups
Based on the homework assignments for that Based on the homework assignments for that chapterchapter
20-30 minutes long20-30 minutes long Given during the first hourGiven during the first hour The The best 4 of 5best 4 of 5 chapter quizzes are used in chapter quizzes are used in
your total scoreyour total score Two Two Name and FormulaName and Formula Quizzes for Chapter 5 Quizzes for Chapter 5
Other Lab AssignmentsOther Lab Assignments
Lab Exercises Lab Exercises Most will originate from your Most will originate from your
laboratory textbook laboratory textbook All exercises areAll exercises are graded assignmentsgraded assignments
WorksheetsWorksheetsTo be completed during lab period To be completed during lab period A review to prepare for examsA review to prepare for exams
ExperimentsExperiments10 experiments10 experiments
20 Points Each20 Points EachLabs are due in one week (i.e., If the lab Labs are due in one week (i.e., If the lab
is done in class on Monday, the lab is done in class on Monday, the lab report is due the following Monday)report is due the following Monday)
60 % rule60 % rule: Must meet this minimum : Must meet this minimum score in lab to pass the course.score in lab to pass the course. No exceptionsNo exceptions
The best The best 9 of 109 of 10 expt’s are used in your expt’s are used in your total scoretotal score
ExamsExams
Four ExamsFour ExamsBased on the chapters which Based on the chapters which
are listed in the syllabusare listed in the syllabus100 points each100 points eachAll exams count in total scoreAll exams count in total scoreTime: 2 hours to completeTime: 2 hours to complete
Final ExamFinal Exam
Thursday, May 21Thursday, May 21stst, 4 PM, 4 PM2 Hours2 HoursCumulative ExamCumulative Exam200 points200 points
Grading ScaleGrading Scale
(Based on 1000 possible points)(Based on 1000 possible points)
90.0 - 100 %90.0 - 100 % AA
75.0 - 89.9 %75.0 - 89.9 %BB
60.0 - 74.9 %60.0 - 74.9 %CC
50.0 - 59.9%50.0 - 59.9% DD
< 50.0 %< 50.0 % FF
Required MaterialsRequired Materials
Textbook:Textbook: Basic Chemistry, 2Basic Chemistry, 2ndnd ed. by ed. by Timberlake & TimberlakeTimberlake & Timberlake
Laboratory Manual:Laboratory Manual: Foundations of Foundations of Chemistry in the LaboratoryChemistry in the Laboratory, , 12th ed. by 12th ed. by M. Hein, et alM. Hein, et al
CalculatorCalculator Safety Goggles & LockSafety Goggles & Lock
Laboratory PolicyLaboratory Policy
No one may participate in lab wearing No one may participate in lab wearing open toe / heel shoesopen toe / heel shoes. . Watch what Watch what you wear on lab daysyou wear on lab days. If you have . If you have inappropriate attire, you will inappropriate attire, you will NOTNOT be be allowed to complete the laballowed to complete the lab
Goggles must be worn during all lab Goggles must be worn during all lab experimentsexperiments
Your attendance will be monitoredYour attendance will be monitored
Chapter 1Chapter 1
Chemistry In Chemistry In
Our LivesOur Lives
Chemistry and ChemicalsChemistry and Chemicals ChemistryChemistry
The study of the properties and the The study of the properties and the behavior of matterbehavior of matter
Composition, structure, and reactionsComposition, structure, and reactions All things around you are composed of All things around you are composed of
mattermatter Chemistry occurs around you everyday Chemistry occurs around you everyday
and affects everything you use and do. and affects everything you use and do. It helps us to understand our world and It helps us to understand our world and
how it workshow it works
Chemistry and ChemicalsChemistry and Chemicals Chemical processes occur in nature and Chemical processes occur in nature and
happen around you all of the timehappen around you all of the time Chemistry (reactions) occurs whenChemistry (reactions) occurs when
food is cooked or baked food is cooked or baked chlorine is added to a poolchlorine is added to a poolbatteries are used in a flashlight/radiobatteries are used in a flashlight/radiosalt is added to sidewalks and roadssalt is added to sidewalks and roadsbleach is added to laundrybleach is added to laundry
Chemical ProcessesChemical Processes
In natureIn nature fermentation by microbes which fermentation by microbes which
converts sugars to alcohols converts sugars to alcohols photosynthesis by plants to convert photosynthesis by plants to convert
sunlight energy into chemical energysunlight energy into chemical energy leaves changing color due to the leaves changing color due to the
interaction of different pigmentsinteraction of different pigments
Chemical ProcessesChemical Processes
In laboratories and in manufacturingIn laboratories and in manufacturinggasoline refining (distillation) gasoline refining (distillation) development of synthetic fibers (nylon, development of synthetic fibers (nylon,
dacron) dacron) new pharmaceuticals (design and new pharmaceuticals (design and
synthesis)synthesis)water purification (water softening)water purification (water softening)agriculture/food production (pesticides, agriculture/food production (pesticides,
fungicides, herbicides) fungicides, herbicides)
Chemistry and ChemicalsChemistry and Chemicals Everything around you is composed of chemicalsEverything around you is composed of chemicals A A chemicalchemical is a material is a material usedused or or producedproduced in a in a
chemical process (laboratory, manufacturing or chemical process (laboratory, manufacturing or natural). natural).
A A substancesubstance is a chemical that consists of is a chemical that consists of oneone type type of matter of matter It consists of two or more bound elements in a fixed It consists of two or more bound elements in a fixed
ratioratio Same composition and properties throughoutSame composition and properties throughout
Substances that were developed by chemists are in Substances that were developed by chemists are in use everyday use everyday Soaps, toothpaste, lotion, clothing Soaps, toothpaste, lotion, clothing
Scientific DisciplinesScientific Disciplines Science is the study in which humans Science is the study in which humans
attempt to explain knowledge about attempt to explain knowledge about themselves and their surroundingsthemselves and their surroundings
Facts are organized and explained, in a Facts are organized and explained, in a systematic and logical manner systematic and logical manner
It is an attempt to understand (better) It is an attempt to understand (better) how nature works how nature works
Through observation of physical evidence Through observation of physical evidence (phenomena)(phenomena)
Experiments to simulate events under Experiments to simulate events under controlled conditionscontrolled conditions
Scientific DisciplineScientific Discipline Science covers an Science covers an
enormous range of enormous range of accumulated accumulated information which is information which is divided into branches divided into branches called called scientific scientific disciplinesdisciplines
Chemistry is one of Chemistry is one of the branches of the branches of science (botany, science (botany, geology, physics, geology, physics, zoology)zoology)
Scientific MethodScientific Method Most scientific and technological advances are Most scientific and technological advances are
through the use of experimentation as a method through the use of experimentation as a method of problem-solving of problem-solving
In general, no two scientist will approach a In general, no two scientist will approach a problem exactly in the same mannerproblem exactly in the same manner
There are guidelines for the practice of There are guidelines for the practice of science to achieve systematic science to achieve systematic experimentation: The experimentation: The Scientific MethodScientific Method
Scientific Method: A set of procedures (steps) Scientific Method: A set of procedures (steps) used to acquire knowledge and explain an used to acquire knowledge and explain an observable factobservable fact
Scientific MethodScientific Method
The scientific method process (steps):The scientific method process (steps):
1)1) ObservationsObservations: Identify the problem and : Identify the problem and plan procedures to obtain informationplan procedures to obtain information
Collect Data: Observe, describe, and take Collect Data: Observe, describe, and take measurements (data)measurements (data)
Organize data to find patterns in the Organize data to find patterns in the informationinformation
2)2) Once sufficient data is collected, form a Once sufficient data is collected, form a hypothesishypothesis
A hypothesis is a A hypothesis is a possiblepossible model or statement model or statement that offers an explanation for the observationsthat offers an explanation for the observations
Hypothesis, Theory, LawHypothesis, Theory, Law3)3) ExperimentsExperiments: A well-defined, controlled : A well-defined, controlled
procedure to obtain informationprocedure to obtain information To validate the hypothesis perform more To validate the hypothesis perform more
experimentsexperiments If an experiment is performed under exactly the If an experiment is performed under exactly the
same conditions, the same results (facts) should same conditions, the same results (facts) should occuroccur
If results are different than predicted, modify or If results are different than predicted, modify or propose a new hypothesispropose a new hypothesis
4)4) TheoryTheory A hypothesis that has been tested and validated over A hypothesis that has been tested and validated over
a long period of timea long period of time Hypothesis evolves to theory if experiments are Hypothesis evolves to theory if experiments are
repeated and confirm the hypothesis repeated and confirm the hypothesis
Hypothesis, Theory, LawHypothesis, Theory, Law
If after extensive testing If after extensive testing the reliability of a the reliability of a hypothesis become very hypothesis become very high, it will evolve to a high, it will evolve to a theorytheory
A theory allows a scientist A theory allows a scientist to predict the outcome of to predict the outcome of proposed experimentsproposed experiments
If results of future If results of future experiments conflict with experiments conflict with the current theory it must the current theory it must either be modified, either be modified, restated, or even restated, or even replacedreplaced
Hypothesis, Theory, LawHypothesis, Theory, Law After determining what facts are known about After determining what facts are known about
a selected problem, more experimentation is a selected problem, more experimentation is performed to obtain more informationperformed to obtain more information
More facts are obtained. Look for repeating More facts are obtained. Look for repeating patterns among the collected facts patterns among the collected facts
If a large number of facts are tied together, it If a large number of facts are tied together, it can eventually lead to a single generalized can eventually lead to a single generalized statement statement
LawLaw: A concise, verbal statement that : A concise, verbal statement that summarizes facts about a natural summarizes facts about a natural phenomenaphenomena
Using the Scientific MethodUsing the Scientific MethodIn Summary:In Summary:
Identify the problem and plan procedures to obtain Identify the problem and plan procedures to obtain informationinformation
Collect data through Collect data through observationobservation and and experimentationexperimentation QualitativeQualitative: Do not involve a number: Do not involve a number QuantitativeQuantitative: Involve measurements: Involve measurements
Analyze and organize the data to summarize Analyze and organize the data to summarize observations (form generalizations) observations (form generalizations)
Suggest probable explanations (form a Suggest probable explanations (form a hypothesishypothesis)) Experiment further to prove or disprove the proposed Experiment further to prove or disprove the proposed
explanationsexplanations
Benefits to Studying ChemistryBenefits to Studying Chemistry To further understand our world and its impact on our To further understand our world and its impact on our
daily living (health care, natural resources, daily living (health care, natural resources, environmental protection, food supply)environmental protection, food supply)
Provides insight into other areas of modern science Provides insight into other areas of modern science and technologyand technology
Learn Problem-Solving SkillsLearn Problem-Solving Skills The ability to solve complicated chemistry The ability to solve complicated chemistry
problems can be applied to other types of problems can be applied to other types of problem-solvingproblem-solving
Help you develop a systematic approach to scientific Help you develop a systematic approach to scientific thought (logical, analytical)thought (logical, analytical) Enhances your ability to predict future events Enhances your ability to predict future events
based on patterns of behaviorbased on patterns of behavior
Learning ChemistryLearning Chemistry
Learn the terms (vocabulary)Learn the terms (vocabulary)Some memorization is requiredSome memorization is required
Use Use Active LearningActive Learning: Read the text, attend : Read the text, attend lecture and practice “problem solving”lecture and practice “problem solving”
Problem solving will include Problem solving will include study checksstudy checks, , sample problemssample problems, and , and questions and questions and problemsproblems
Class: Problem sets, exercisesClass: Problem sets, exercises
Learning ChemistryLearning Chemistry
Develop your own study planDevelop your own study plan Do the recommended problemsDo the recommended problems Your confidence and problem solving skills Your confidence and problem solving skills
are enhanced through repetitionare enhanced through repetition Don’t expect to “get it” the first time you Don’t expect to “get it” the first time you
see itsee it Read the text, come to classRead the text, come to class Ask questionsAsk questions
HomeworkHomework ““Sample problems” Sample problems”
1.1 and 1.21.1 and 1.2““Study checks, succeed all sample problems”Study checks, succeed all sample problems”
““Questions and Problems”Questions and Problems”1.11, 1.13, 1.171.11, 1.13, 1.17
““Understanding the Concepts”Understanding the Concepts” 1.19, 1.211.19, 1.21
““Additional Questions and Problems”Additional Questions and Problems”1.23, 1.25, 1.271.23, 1.25, 1.27
““Challenge Questions”Challenge Questions”1.291.29
