Chemistry 201Edward A. Mottel

Department of Chemistry

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

04/18/23

About Me

Edward A. Mottel Department of Chemistry F-111 x8315

04/18/23

Goals of the Course

Atomic structure Chemical reactions and stoichiometry Structure and bonding of molecules Phases and properties of matter Rates of chemical reactions

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Requirements

• Laboratory• Chem 201 Laboratory Manual

“An Introduction to Experimental Chemistry” (Bookstore)

• Safety Goggles (Voucher from Bookstore)• Quadrille ruled bound laboratory notebook• Pen• Proper Attire

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Course Syllabus

• Course grade depends on• Three Exams• Final Exam• Competency tests and quizzes• Problem Sets / Assignments• Laboratory Notebook & Reports

Chemical CommunicationNomenclature

Edward A. Mottel

Department of Chemistry

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

04/18/23

Chemical Communication

Chemical nomenclature• Elemental symbols and names• Predict reasonable charges for monatomic

ions using the periodic table• Polyatomic ions• Naming molecular compounds and salts

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Resources Available

Chemistry I nomenclature list of ions and common substances

Periodic table Laboratory manual Experiment B Computer programs

· IONIC1, SALT1 Reading assignment

• Zumdahl: Chapter 2.9

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Reasonable Ion Charges

Use the nomenclature information available to determine common oxidation states for monatomic ions.• monatomic: contains only one atom• ion: has a positive or negative charge• For a monatomic ion, the oxidation state is

the same as its charge.

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HLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn Fe Co Ni CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPb Bi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

General Chemistry Ions

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Common Oxidation States+1+1 +2

+2+1

+1 +2

+1 +2

+1 +2

+3 +2 +2 +2

+2

+2

+1

+1

+2

+2 +1 +2 +3+3

+3

-1

-1

-1

-2 -1-2+3

+2+3

+2+3

+2+3

+1+2

+2+4

What patterns exist that correlate the charge of the ionand its position in the periodic table?

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+1 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn Fe Co Ni CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPb Bi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Cations have positive oxidation states.

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+2 ions

Au

Ag

HLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn Fe Co Ni CuZn

Pd

Pt

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPb Bi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

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+3 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti Mn Fe Co Ni CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg

SnPb Bi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Cr

Tl

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-1 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn Fe Co Ni CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPb Bi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

Anions have negative oxidation states.

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-2 ionsHLi Be

MgNa

K Ca

Rb Sr

CsBa

Ti CrMn Fe Co Ni CuZn

Pd

Pt

Ag

Au

Cd

Hg Tl

SnPb Bi

Sb

AsI

Br

Cl

O FSAl

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Predictions

How could you predict that indium has a stable+1 and +3 oxidation state?

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Predictions

Predict the three common oxidation states ofarsenic.

Roman Numerals

When a metal has multiple oxidation states, its charge is indicated by roman numerals in its name.

Fe2+ iron(II) ion

Fe3+ iron(III) ion

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Polyatomic Ions

What is the naming pattern?

-NO O

nitriteion

-

NO O

O

nitrateion

sulfiteion

-

SO O

O

-

sulfateion

-SO

O

O-

O

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Polyatomic Ions

What is the naming pattern?

chlorateion

-

ClO O

O

perchlorateion

-ClO

O

O

O

hypochloriteion

-Cl O

chloriteion

-ClO O

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Polyatomic Ions

What is the naming pattern?

thiosulfateion

-SO

O

O-

S

sulfateion

-SO

O

O-

O

thiocyanateion

cyanateion

CO-

N CS-

N

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Hydrogen Carbonate Ion

Why is it called bicarbonate ion?

-

CO O

O

-

carbonateion

CO O

O

-

H

bicarbonateion

CO O

OH

H

carbonicacid

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Nomenclature

Give two acceptable namesfor each of these ions.

HSO4– HSO3

– HS–

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Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds are charge neutral.

H2O NH3 CH4

Many common molecular compounds have trivial names.

water ammonia methane

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Salts

Salts are composed of a cation and an anion to give a neutral compound.

They are named by combining the cation and an anion names.

CaCl2

NH4ClO4

Al2O3

calcium chloride

ammonium perchlorate

aluminum oxide

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IONIC1 and SALT1

Nomenclature programs that focuses on Chemistry I ion nomenclature.• DOS programs that are copied to your disk, then run

Goal: Successfully complete the programs by correctly getting 10 names, formulas or charges in a row.• Try to run the each program successfully twice.• You may not be successful tonight, but keep trying!

G:/class/cm/Chem201/NomenclaturePrograms

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Constructing Ions

Construct and name at least 10 neutral compounds that can be formed from the following list of atoms.

H O S Na Ca Cr Fe In Pb

Divide up the activity: work on cations or anions.

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Constructing Ions

Combine cations and anions to make neutral compounds.• Determine the formula and name of each

compound.• Use each cation or anion only once in

making various compounds. Identify and name any molecular, neutral

compound that can be formed.

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Problem Set

Twenty Compounds Problem Set

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Twenty CompoundsProblem Set

Due Homework format

• Include your name and box number· Staple the problem set on top of your

answers• One side of page for answers is preferable• Staple questions and answers together• No ragged edges; make it look neat!