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You should have had:
• General Chemistry I– Up through drawing Lewis Structures
General Chemistry I
• Basics of Atomic Structure
• Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Stoichiometry
• Solution Chemistry, mainly in water
• Thermochemistry
• Electronic Structure of Atoms
• Properties of Atoms
• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding of p-Block Elements
General Chemistry II
• Molecular Structure
• Bonding Theories– Valence Bond Theory– Molecular Orbital Theory
• Properties of Gases
• Control of Chemical Reactions and Stability– Thermodynamics– Kinetics
General Chemistry II
• Special Types of Chemical Systems:– Organic– Equilibrium– Acid-Base– Dissolution– Complexation– Electrochemical
Business
Class Rules
• Syllabus
• Class Rules:– Be here every day– Be on time– Pick up handouts if late– No chatting, except when I say so– You are responsible– Be nice– Trust me
Business I
• Class meetings:– Lecture MWF here– Lab once a week in Physical Sciences Bldg.– Recitation once a week in Physical Sci. Bldg.
• NO LABS or RECITATIONS this week- they start Monday
• Class Rules- Syllabus (go over on Friday)
Business II
• Be here every single day
• Be here on time
• Don’t sit in back
• Don’t talk when I’m talking
• Don’t let me talk when you’re talking
• It’s ok to get up and wander
Classroom Rules
Business III
• 3 Hour Exams
• OWL Homework
• Labs
Grades
Business IV
If I fail the lab,
Recite After Me:
I fail the course.
Mastery Learning Schematic
Homework Question
Correct Answer and Feedback
Answer
Mastery Credit
Newly generated question
correct
incorrect
Mastery Learning Schematic
Homework Question
Correct Answer and Feedback
Answer
Mastery Credit
Newly generated question
correct
incorrect
Guided Tutorial
Concept Simulation
Tutorial Help
Tutorial Help
Concept Simulations
Assignment Scheme I: A course has Assignments
Course
Assignment #1 Assignment #2 Assignment #3
Assignment Scheme II: Assignments have Units
Course
Assignment #1 Assignment #2 Assignment #3
Unit #1
Unit #2
Unit #1
Unit #2
Unit #1
Assignment Scheme III: Units have Questions
Course
Assignment #1 Assignment #2 Assignment #3
Question #1Question #2
Unit #1
Question #1Question #2
Unit #2
Question #1Question #2
Unit #1
Question #1Unit #2
Question #1Question #2Question #3Question #4Question #5
Unit #1
Bonding
When atoms stick together, that’s bonding.
Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:
Bonding
When atoms stick together, that’s bonding.
Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:
Ionic Polar Covalent Covalent
Electrons Shared More Equally
Bonding
When atoms stick together, that’s bonding.
Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:
Ionic Polar Covalent Covalentmetals+nonmetals different nonmetals similar nonmetals
Electrons Shared More Equally
Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?
Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?
Electrons on oneatom attracted tonucleus of other atom
Nucleus on each atom repels other nucleus
Electron on each atom repels other electron
If new attractions > new repulsions, then a bond forms
How Covalent Bonds Happen
Valence electrons are shared through overlapping orbitals
Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements: Where are the Valence
Electrons?
Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements: Where are the Valence
Electrons?
• Described by Lewis Electron Dot Structures
Determining Molecular Geometry
• All depends on bond angles:
Determining Molecular Geometry
• All depends on bond angles:
Determining Molecular Geometry
Valence Lewis Electron-Pair Molecular
Electrons Structure Geometry Geometry
Electron-Pair Geometries
• Depend on Number of Electron Pairs around Central Atom
Help Needed
• Today– Lunch 12-12:50– Lecture 3:30 – 4:15
• Tomorrow– Lunch 12-12:50– Lecture 3:30 – 4:15
Examples
NH3 CH4 CH2O
1. Linear
2. Bent 109o
3. Trigonal planar
4. Trigonal pyramidal
5. Tetrahedral
6. Trigonal bipyramidal
7. See-saw
8. Square pyramidal
9. Octahedral
Molecular Polarity
Are electrons in molecules evenly distributed?
If so: nonpolar molecule
If not: polar molecule
Determining Bond Polarity
Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms
Determining Bond Polarity
Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms
H-F is:
Li-F is:
N-O is:
O-O is:
P-H is:
Determining Molecular Polarity
Add up all bond polarities and see if they cancel
Polarity Examples
