CHEMICALS

IN THE ENVIRONMENT

Report on Environmental Survey and Monitoring

of Chemicals in FY2005

Environmental Health Department

Ministry of the Environment

Ministry of JAPAN

March 2006

The information contained in this report was taken from the annual report of the Ministry of the Environment (MOE),

"CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, FY2004 (Japanese version)." While the information provided is believed to be

accurate, MOE disclaims any responsibility for possible inaccuracies or omissions and any related consequences that may

transpire. MOE is not liable for any injury, loss, damage or prejudice of any kind that may be caused by any persons who

have acted based on their understanding of the information contained in this publication.

Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested together with a reference to

the document number. A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to MOE of Japan.

Limited copies of this report are available from:

Environment Health and Safety Division

Environment Health Department

Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

Government of Japan

1-2-2, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975 Japan

Phone: +81-3-5521-8260

Fax: +81-3-3580-3596

E-mail: ehs@env.go.jp

http://www.env.go.jp/en/

i

Contents List of Tables ii

List of Figures iii

List of Acronyms iv

Contents of CD-ROM v

Introduction 1

Chapter 1 Outline of Environmental Investigation on

the Status of Pollution by Chemical Substances 2

Chapter 2 Summary of the FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey 4

Chapter 3 Summary of Results of the FY2004 Environmental Survey 18

for Exposure Study

Chapter 4 Summary of the FY 2004 Monitoring Investigation 25

ii

List of Tables Table 2-1 Target Substances and Media for the FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey 5 Table 2-2 Summary of Results of the Environmental Survey 5 Table 2-3 Detection Results of the FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey 9 Table 3-1 Target Substances and Media for the FY2004 Environmental for Exposure Survey 18 Table 3-2 Results of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study in

FY2004 24 Table 3-3 Detection Limits for Exposure Study in FY2004 24 Table 4-1 Target Substances and Media for the FY2004 Monitoring

Investigation 26 Table 4-2 Results of the Environmental Survey for Monitoring Investigation in FY2004 32 Table 4-3 Detection Limits for Monitoring Investigation in FY2004 33

iii

List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Locations of the Initial Environmental Survey for Surface Water and Bottom Sediment (FY2004) 6 Figure 2-2 Locations of the Initial Environmental Survey for Aquatic Wildlife (FY2004) 7 Figure 2-3 Locations of the Initial Environmental Survey for Air (FY2004) 8 Figure 3-1 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Surface water, FY2004) 19 Figure 3-2 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Air, FY2004) 20 Figure 3-3 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Diet, FY2004) 21 Figure 3-4 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Indoor air, FY2004) 22 Figure 4-1 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Surface Water

(FY2004) 27 Figure 4-2 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Bottom Sediment (FY2004) 28 Figure 4-3 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Aquatic Wildlife (FY2004) 29 Figure 4-4 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Air (FY2004) 30 Figure 4-5-A Annual Change of PCBs in Surface Water (geometric mean) 34 Figure 4-5-B Annual Change of PCBs in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 34 Figure 4-5-C Annual Change of PCBs in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 35 Figure 4-5-D Annual Change of PCBs in Air (geometric mean) 35 Figure 4-6-A Annual Change of HCBs in Surface Water (geometric mean) 36 Figure 4-6-B Annual Change of HCBs in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 36 Figure 4-6-C Annual Change of HCBs in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 37 Figure 4-6-D Annual Change of HCBs in Air (geometric mean) 37 Figure 4-7-A Annual Change of Aldrin in Surface Water (geometric mean) 38

iv

Figure 4-7-B Annual Change of Aldrin in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 38 Figure 4-7-C Annual Change of Aldrin in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 39 Figure 4-7-D Annual Change of Aldrin in Air (geometric mean) 39 Figure 4-8-A Annual Change of Dieldrin in Surface Water (geometric mean) 40 Figure 4-8-B Annual Change of Dieldrin in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 40 Figure 4-8-C Annual Change of Dieldrin in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 41 Figure 4-8-D Annual Change of Dieldrin in Air (geometric mean) 41 Figure 4-9-A Annual Change of Endrin in Surface Water (geometric mean) 42 Figure 4-9-B Annual Change of Endrin in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 42 Figure 4-9-C Annual Change of Endrin in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 43 Figure 4-9-D Annual Change of Endrin in Air (geometric mean) 43 Figure 4-10-A Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Surface Water (geometric mean) 44 Figure 4-10-B Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 44 Figure 4-10-C Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 45 Figure 4-10-D Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Air (geometric mean) 45 Figure 4-11-A Annual Change of p,p’-DDE iin Surface Water (geometric mean) 46 Figure 4-11-B Annual Change of p,p’-DDE in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 46 Figure 4-11-C Annual Change of p,p’-DDE in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 47 Figure 4-11-D Annual Change of p,p’-DDE in Air (geometric mean) 47 Figure 4-12-A Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Surface Water (geometric mean) 48 Figure 4-12-B Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 48 Figure 4-12-C Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 49 Figure 4-12-D Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Air (geometric mean) 49

v

Figure 4-13-A Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Surface Water (geometric mean) 50 Figure 4-13-B Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 50 Figure 4-13-C Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 51 Figure 4-13-D Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Air (geometric mean) 51 Figure 4-14-A Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Surface Water (geometric mean) 52 Figure 4-14-B Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 52 Figure 4-14-C Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 53 Figure 4-14-D Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Air (geometric mean) 53 Figure 4-15-A Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Surface Water (geometric mean) 54 Figure 4-15-B Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 54 Figure 4-15-C Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 55 Figure 4-15-D Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Air (geometric mean) 55 Figure 4-16-A Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Surface Water (geometric mean) 56 Figure 4-16-B Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Bottom Sediment

(geometric mean) 56 Figure 4-16-C Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 57 Figure 4-16-D Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Air (geometric mean) 57 Figure 4-17-A Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Surface Water (geometric mean) 58 Figure 4-17-B Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Bottom Sediment

(geometric mean) 58 Figure 4-17-C Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 59 Figure 4-17-D Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Air (geometric mean) 59 Figure 4-18-A Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Surface Water (geometric mean) 60

vi

Figure 4-18-B Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 60

Figure 4-18-C Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 61 Figure 4-18-D Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Air (geometric mean) 61 Figure 4-19-A Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Surface Water (geometric mean) 62 Figure 4-19-B Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Bottom Sediment

(geometric mean) 62 Figure 4-19-C Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 63 Figure 4-19-D Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Air (geometric mean) 63 Figure 4-20-A Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Surface Water (geometric mean) 64 Figure 4-20-B Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Bottom Sediment

(geometric mean) 64 Figure 4-20-C Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 65 Figure 4-20-D Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Air (geometric mean) 65 Figure 4-21-A Annual Change of Heptachlor in Surface Water (geometric mean) 66 Figure 4-21-B Annual Change of Heptachlor in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 66 Figure 4-21-C Annual Change of Heptachlor in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 67 Figure 4-21-D Annual Change of Heptachlor in Air (geometric mean) 67 Figure 4-22-A Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Surface Water (geometric mean) 68 Figure 4-22-B Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 68 Figure 4-22-C Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 69 Figure 4-22-D Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Air (geometric mean) 69 Figure 4-23-A Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 26) in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 70 Figure 4-23-B Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 26) in Air (geometric mean) 70 Figure 4-24 Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 50) in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 71

vii

Figure 4-25 Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 62) in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 71 Figure 4-26-A Annual Change of Mirex in Surface Water (geometric mean) 72 Figure 4-26-B Annual Change of Mirex in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 72 Figure 4-26-C Annual Change of Mirex in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 73 Figure 4-26-D Annual Change of Mirex in Air (geometric mean) 73 Figure 4-27-A Annual Change of a-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean) 74 Figure 4-27-B Annual Change of a-HCH in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 74 Figure 4-27-C Annual Change of a-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 75 Figure 4-27-D Annual Change of a-HCH in Air (geometric mean) 75 Figure 4-28-A Annual Change of b-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean) 76 Figure 4-28-B Annual Change of b-HCH in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 76 Figure 4-28-C Annual Change of b-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 77 Figure 4-28-D Annual Change of b-HCH in Air (geometric mean) 77 Figure 4-29-A Annual Change of g-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean) 78 Figure 4-29-B Annual Change of g-HCH in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 78 Figure 4-29-C Annual Change of g-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 79 Figure 4-29-D Annual Change of g-HCH in Air (geometric mean) 79 Figure 4-30-A Annual Change of d-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean) 80 Figure 4-30-B Annual Change of d-HCH in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean) 80 Figure 4-30-C Annual Change of d-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean) 81 Figure 4-30-D Annual Change of d-HCH in Air (geometric mean) 81

viii

List of Acronyms

Substance

BHC (HCH) Benzenehexachloride (Hexachloro cyclohexane)

CFC Chlorine fluorine carbons

DDD Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane

DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene

DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

HCB Hexachlorobenzene

PBDD Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin

PBDE Polybrominated diphenyl ether

PBDF Polybrominated dibenzofuran

PCB Polychlorinated biphenyl

PCDD Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin

PCDF Polychlorinated dibenzofuran

TBT Tributyltin compounds

TPT Triphenyltin compounds

Other

CAS RN CAS(Chemical Abstracts Service) Registry Number

FY Fiscal Year (from April to March)

GC/MS Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry

LC/MS Liquid Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry

MOE Ministry of the Environment

MQL Measured Quantitation Limit

MDL Measured Detection Limit

ND Not Detected

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants

PRTR Pollutant Release and Transfer Register

ix

Contents of CD-ROM - Supplement to CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, FY2005

- Report (PDF)

- Tables

- Figures

- Substances on

- Environmental Safety

- FY2004 Edition

- FY2003 Edition

- FY2002 Edition

- FY2001 Edition

- FY1998 Edition

x

Chemicals in the Environment Introduction

The number of industrially produced chemical substances is estimated to be in the tens of thousands. Chemical substances have become indispensable in our daily lives, but they may also affect human health and the ecosystem, depending on the method employed for their production, use and disposal. Indeed, dioxins, PCBs, endocrine disruptors and other substances have caused serious social problems.

The Ministry of the Environment (MOE), Government of Japan, has been conducting successive investigations on the persistence of chemical substances in the general environment since 1974 and has published the results in “Chemicals in the Environment.” The results of environmental surveys of FY2004 are compiled in “Chemicals in the Environment (FY2005).” We hope that those concerned with this issue will utilize this report and that the information provided will be helpful for the environmental preservation of this country.

Scope of investigation included in this report

As a method for selecting target substances, the following three types of surveys, each with their own purpose, were introduced so that the survey results could be effectively utilized for measures against chemical substances in the environment. Initial Environmental Survey for grasping the status of environmental persistence of chemical substances

and others, targeting the Designated Chemical Substances by the Law Concerning the Examination and Manufacture, etc. of Chemical Substances (hereinafter called the Chemical Substances Control Law), candidate substances for the PRTR System, unintentionally formed substances, and the substances required by social factors.

Environmental Survey for Exposure Study for grasping the exposure amount of chemical substances to humans and wildlife, which is necessary for the environmental risk assessment.

Monitoring Investigation for monitoring target substances included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (hereinafter called the POPs Treaty) and other substances that are possible candidates for target substances of the Treaty; highly persistent substances for which environmental standards are not yet established but grasping their annual environmental status is required from among Class 1 & 2 Specified Chemical Substances and Designated Chemical Substances specified in the Chemical Substances Control Law.

To avoid duplication, the results of chemical substances (dioxins, etc.) that have been monitored by

other divisions of MOE are not included in this report (see below).

Environmental Investigation by Other Divisions of MOE

Name of Investigation Media Target Chemical Substances Monitoring Investigation of Hazardous Air Pollution Substances

Air Benzene, Aldehydes, Mercury and its compounds, Benzo[a]pyrene, etc.(19 species)

Water Quality Monitoring Surface water, Ground water Cadmium, Total Cyanogen, etc. Environmental Investigation on Agrochemicals

Soil, Agricultural products, Air, Surface water

Pesticides

Monitoring of the Precautionary Monitoring Targets

Surface water, Ground water Chloroform, trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene, etc.

Priority Substances for the Survey on Method and Monitoring

Water environment Zinc, etc.

Investigation of Dioxins Air, Surface water, Bottom sediment, Soil, Wildlife

PCDDs, PCDFs, Coplanar PCBs, PBDDs, PBDFs

1

Chapter 1 Outline of Environmental Investigation on the Status of Pollution by Chemical Substances

1. History of Environmental Survey of Chemical Substances

The Environmental Survey of Chemical Substances was started for the purpose of grasping the persistence of existing chemical substances in the general environment when the Law Concerning the Examination and Regulation of Manufacture, etc., of Chemical Substances (hereinafter “Chemical Substance Control Law”) was enacted in 1973. For 10 years from FY1979 to 1988, the First Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Substances on Environmental Safety was conducted based on the Priority List consisting of about 2,000 chemical substances. Subsequently, for 10 years from FY1989, the Second Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Substances on Environmental Safety was conducted based on the Second Priority List consisting of about 1,100 chemical substances. In addition to the above, Wildlife Monitoring, Follow-up Survey of the Status of Pollution by Unintentionally Formed Chemical Substances, and Monitoring of Surface Water and Bottom Sediment have been undertaken. On the other hand, it became necessary to reconstruct the survey system based on the new standpoint, in order to correspond to current political issues as well as chemical and environmental status changes such as the enactment of the Law Concerning Reporting, etc., of Releases to the Environment of Specific Chemical Substances and Promoting Improvement of Their Management (hereinafter “the PRTR Law”) and the effectuation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (hereinafter “the POPs Treaty”). Accordingly, the Revision of the General Inspection Survey of Chemical Substances was approved at the Third Special Committee for the Assessment of Chemical Substances, Central Environment Council held on May 22, 2002.

Surveys have been conducted since FY2002 in line with the revision policy, where substances are selected by the Expert Group on Substance Selection for Environmental Surveys of Chemical Substances corresponding to the needs of various divisions of governmental and other organizations so that the survey results might be utilized for the prevention of pollution by chemical substances in the environment. These surveys have been carried out using methods suitable for the respective purposes of the Initial Environmental Survey, the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study and the Monitoring Investigation.

From FY2005, the Detailed Environmental Survey and the Survey on Human Biological Samples will be newly included as important survey items, in addition to the Initial Environmental Survey, the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study and the Monitoring Investigation that have been conventionally carried out. 2. FY2004 Expert Group on Substance Selection for the General Inspection Survey

On April 28 and May 19, 2004, the Expert Group on Substance Selection for Environmental Surveys of Chemical Substances (an advisory organ for the Director of the Environmental Health Department) held meetings to discuss and select respective target substances and media for the Initial Environmental Survey, the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study and the Monitoring Investigation of the FY2004 Environmental Surveys on Chemical Substances. Selected as the survey target were substances whose investigations had been requested from divisions of governmental organizations or from scholars and practitioners. The selection of substances was based on: toxicity information; PRTR data, and if possible, results of PRTR data-based prediction of environmental persistence; feasibility of establishing analytical methods; and from the standpoint of social and administrative needs. The selection of survey media was in consideration of the relationship between the possible exposure route and media; for instance, multiple media were selected for a specific substance.

2

3. Scope of the survey (1) Initial Environmental Survey

Twenty-two substances (groups) were selected as the survey targets whose initial environmental persistent status needs to be grasped from among the following substances: the Class II Monitoring Chemical Substances specified in the Chemical Substance Control Law; candidate substances for the PRTR Law; unintentionally formed substances; substances that should be surveyed from the viewpoint of the primary evaluation of environmental risks; and substances that should be surveyed in consideration of social factors. The selected substances included 4-aminophenol, 1,3-dichloropropene and dicofol. Research was undertaken to develop analytical methods for 15 substances (groups) including hydrazine. (2) Environmental Survey for Exposure Study

Five substances (groups) were selected as the survey targets whose environmental exposure status needs to be grasped from among the substances for which the environmental risk primary assessment would be carried out. The selected substances consisted of N,N’-dimethyldodecylamine=N=oxide, hexane, perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and octabromodiphenyl ether. (3) Monitoring Investigation

Eleven substances (groups) targeted by the POPs Treaty excluding dioxins (eight substances (groups) in this survey) and three other substances (groups) including organotin compounds were selected as substances from among the following substances: the target substances specified in the POPs Treaty and other substances that might be candidates for target substances of the Treaty; highly persistent substances among Class I & II Designated Chemical Substances and Class II Monitoring Chemical Substances specified in the Chemical Substances Control Law whose environmental standards were not yet established and whose annual environmental status needed to be understood.

3

Chapter 2 Summary of the FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey 1. Purpose of the Survey

The purpose of this Initial Environmental Survey is to grasp the status of environmental persistence of the following substances: the type II monitoring chemical substances specified in the Chemical Substances Control Law; candidate substances for the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register Law (the PRTR Law); unintentionally formed chemical substances; substances that should be surveyed from the viewpoint of the primary evaluation of environmental risks; and substances that should be surveyed in consideration of social factors. 2. Surveyed substances, media and areas

The FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey investigated the following 22 substances (groups) totaling 30 substances (groups)/media among substances/media discussed and selected by the FY2004 Expert Group on Substance Selection for Environmental Surveys of Chemical Substances.

Survey sites are shown in Figures 2-1 to 2-3. Surveys for surface water were conducted on 1 to 7 substances (groups) at 33 sites (Figure 2-1). Surveys for bottom sediment were conducted on 1 to 6 substances (groups) at 28 sites (Figure 2-1). Surveys for aquatic wildlife were conducted on 1 to 4 substances at 9 sites (Figure 2-2) including one where all the four target substances (groups) were surveyed. Surveys for air were conducted on 1 to 9 substances (groups) at 25 sites (Figure 2-3) including one where all the nine target substances (groups) were surveyed. 3. Survey results

The surveys for surface water detected two substances (groups) at two survey sites [4-aminophenol: at one of the two survey sites; pyridafenthion: at one of the 12 survey sites]. The surveys for bottom sediment detected four substances (groups) at six survey sites [dicofol: at two of the five survey sites; diphenylmethane: at two of the six survey sites; triphenylmethane: at one of the six survey sites; pentabromodiphenyl ether: at one of the four survey sites]. The surveys for aquatic wildlife detected two substances (groups) at three sites [1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane: at one of the six survey sites; formaldehyde: at both of the two survey sites]. The surveys for air detected seven substances (groups) at 16 sites [1,3-dichloropropene: at eight of the 20 survey sites; 1-bromopropane: at 11 of 19 sites; 2,4,6-tribromophenol: at both of the two survey sites; 2-vinylpyridine: at one of the six survey sites; N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine: at one survey site; pentachloronitrobenzene: at one of the 15 survey sites; polybromodiphenyl ethers (monobromodiphenyl ether, dibromodiphenyl ether, tribromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromodiphenyl ether, pentabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromodiphenyl ether, heptabromodiphenyl ether): at all three survey sites] (Table 2-2).

A total of 837 substances (groups) were surveyed in the past (from FY1974 to FY2004), of which 381 substances (groups) were detected in the general environment.

The detection results of the FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey were shown in Table 2-3.

4

Table 2-1 Target Substances and Media for the FY2004 Initial Environmental Survey

Number of surveyed areas per media Survey No. Target Substance Surface

water Bottom

sedimentAquatic wildlife Air

1 4-Aminophenol 3 2 1-Aryloxy-2,3-epoxypropane 7 3 Octachlorodipropyl ether 11 11

4 1,3-Dichloropropene

cis-1,3-Dichloropropene trans-1,3-Dichloropropene

17 21

5 1-Bromopropane 19 6 Dicohol 11

Diphenylmethane 7 Triphenylmethane 7

8 Zinc pyrithione 7

9

Short-chain polychlorinated paraffin (C10-C13) Short-chain polychlorinated paraffin (C10) Short-chain polychlorinated paraffin (C11) Short-chain polychlorinated paraffin (C12) Short-chain polychlorinated paraffin (C13)

2 2 2

10 Tetrabromobisphenol-A 2 11 2,4,6-Tribromophenol 2 12 2-Vinylpyridine 6 13 Pyridaphenthione 12 12

14

p-Phenylenediamines N,N’-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) N,N’-Ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine (DTPD) N,N’-Dixylyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD)

7 3

15 Fluazinam 16 16 1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecane 6 17 Hexabromobiphenyls 3 18 Pentachloronitrobenzene 16 8 19 19 Formaldehyde 2

20

Polybromodiphenyl ethers Bromodiphenyl ethers Dibromodiphenyl ethers Tribromodiphenyl ethers Tetrabromodiphenyl ethers Pentabromodiphenyl ethers Hexabromodiphenyl ethers Heptabromodiphenyl ethers

3

21 Pentabromodipheyl ethers 4 22 2-Methoxyethanol 7

Table 2-2 Summary of Results of the Environmental Survey

Surface water

Bottom sediment

Aquatic wildlife Air Total

Number of Surveyed Substances 788 748 259 275 837 Number of Detected Substances 162 243 107 184 381 Ratio of Detection (%) 20.6 32.5 41.3 66.9 45.5

5

Nagoya Port

Mouth of Riv. YodoYokkaichi PortOsaka Port

Mouth of Riv. Kino Kobe Port

Takamatsu PortOffshore of Mizushima

Mouth of Riv. Shimanto

Yokkaichi Port

Riv. Tagawa (Utsunomiya City) [Surface water only]

Riv. Fuoi (Kawagoe City)

Riv. Yanase (Shiki City)

Mouth of Riv. Tone

Mouth of Riv. Arakawa [Surface water only]

Mouth of Riv. Sumida [Surface water only] Mouth of Riv. Tama

Kawasaki Port Riv. Tsurumi (Yokohama City)

Riv. Hirose (Sendai City) [Surface water only]

Toku

yam

a B

a y

Riv. Midorikawa (Udo City) [Surface water only]

Offshore of Omuta [Surface water only]

Imari Bay

Hakata Bay

Dokai Bay

Kammon Strait Offshore of Hagi

Offshore of Himeji Miyazu

Bay

Lake Biwa Central offshore of

Minamihira Mouth ofRiv. Sai

Lake Suwa

Riv. Shinano (Niigata City)

Mouth of Riv. Ishikari[Bottom sediment only]

(Okinawa Islands)

(Ogasawara Islands)

Figure 2-1 Locations of the Initial Environmental Survey forSurface Water and Bottom Sediment (FY2004)

6

(Ogasawara

(Okinawa Islands)

Mouth of Riv. Ishikari

Riv. Shinano (Niigata City)

Lake Biwa, Riv. Azumi (Azumigawa Town)

Offshore of Hagi Kammon Strait

Dokai Bay

Tokuyama Bay

Mouth of Riv. Shimanto

Offshore of Mizushima

Figure 2-2 Locations of the Initial Environmental Survey for Aquatic Wildlife (FY2004)

7

Ogasawara Chichijima Is.

(Ogasawara Islands)

Sapporo City,Hokkaido

Sapporo City,Hokkaido

(Okinawa Islands)

Mt. Norikura, Nagano Pref.

Kyoto City, Kyoto Pref. Yamaguchi City,

Yamaguchi Pref. Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref.

Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Pref.

Saga City, Saga Pref.

Omuta City, Fukuoka Pref.

Takamatsu City, Kagawa Pref.

Wakayama City, Wakayama Pref. Kobe City, Hyogo Pref.

Osaka City, Osaka Pref. Joyo City, Kyoto Pref.

Yokkaichi City, Mie Pref. Nagoya City, Aichi Pref. Kagamihara City, Gifu Pref.

Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa Pref. Yokohama City, Kanagawa Pref.

Ichihara City, Chiba Pref.

Koto Ward, Tokyo Met.

Kisai Town, Saitama Pref. Mito City, Ibaraki Pref.

Sendai City, Miyagi Pref.

Figure 2-3 Locations of the Initial Environmental Survey for Air (FY2004)

8

Tabl

e 2-

3 D

etec

tion

Res

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of t

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(1/3

)

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tal

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25 a

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Surv

ey

No.

Su

bsta

nce

Det

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d R

ange

(μg/

L)

(freq

uenc

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ea))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (μ

g/L)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/g-

dry)

(fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/g-

dry)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/g-

wet

) (fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/g-

wet

)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/m

3 ) (fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/m

3 )

1 4-

Am

inop

heno

l 0.

02 –

0.0

5 (1

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2 1-

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3 O

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---

(0/9

)

---

(0/9

) 2.

6

4 4-

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---

(0/1

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---

(0/1

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9 –

100

(8/2

0)

10 –

70

(7/2

0)

9 10

5 1-

Bro

mop

ropa

ne

27 –

270

(1

1/19

) 25

6 D

icoh

ol

1.7

– 6.

4 (2

/5)

1.2

7 7-

1 7-

2

Dip

heny

lmet

hane

and

Trip

heny

lmet

hane

D

iphe

nylm

etha

ne

Trip

heny

lmet

hane

1.

3 –

20

(2/6

) 0.

9 (1

/6)

0.4 0.4

8 Zi

nc p

yrith

ione

--

- (0

/5)

0.02

9 9-

1 9-

2 9-

3 9-

4

Shor

t-cha

in p

olyc

hlor

inat

ed p

araf

fin (C

10-C

13)

Sh

ort-c

hain

pol

ychl

orin

ated

par

affin

(C10

) Sh

ort-c

hain

pol

ychl

orin

ated

par

affin

(C11

) Sh

ort-c

hain

pol

ychl

orin

ated

par

affin

(C12

) Sh

ort-c

hain

pol

ychl

orin

ated

par

affin

(C13

)

---

(0/2

) --

- (0

/2)

---

(0/2

) --

- (0

/2)

0.

0090

0.02

3 0.

0086

0.00

55

---

(0/2

) --

- (0

/2)

---

(0/2

) --

- (0

/2)

0.

77

3.0

0.34

0.92

---

(0/2

) --

- (0

/2)

---

(0/2

) --

- (0

/2)

0.

53

1.5

0.20

0.56

9

Tabl

e 2-

3 (c

ont’d

) D

etec

tion

Res

ults

of t

he F

Y20

04 In

itial

Env

ironm

enta

l Sur

vey

(2/3

)

Surfa

ce w

ater

33

are

as in

tota

l B

otto

m se

dim

ent

28 a

reas

in to

tal

Aqu

atic

wild

life

9 ar

eas i

n to

tal

Air

25 a

reas

in to

tal

Surv

ey

No.

Su

bsta

nce

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(μg/

L)

(freq

uenc

y(ar

ea))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (μ

g/L)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/g-

dry)

(fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/g-

dry)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/g-

wet

) (fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/g-

wet

)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/m

3 ) (fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/m

3 )

10

Tetra

brom

obis

phen

ol-A

--

- (0

/2)

0.03

11

2,4,

6-Tr

ibro

mop

heno

l

0.

03 –

0.1

4 (2

/2)

0.02

12

2-V

inyl

pyrid

ine

6.2

– 18

(1

/6)

0.4

13

Pyrid

aphe

nthi

one

0.00

4 –

0.00

6 (1

/12)

0.

003

---

(0/1

2)

0.22

14

14-1

14-2

14-3

p-Ph

enyl

ened

iam

ines

N,N

’-D

iphe

nyl-p

-phe

nyle

nedi

amin

e (D

PPD

) N

,N’-

Dito

lyl-p

-phe

nyle

nedi

amin

e (D

TPD

) N

,N’-

Dix

ylyl

-p-p

heny

lene

diam

ine

(DPP

D)

---

(0/6

) --

- (0

/6)

---

(0/6

)

0.

006

0.00

9 0.

020

0.

002

– 0.

009

(1/1

) --

- (0

/1)

---

(0/1

)

0.

001

0.00

06

0.

001

15

Flua

zina

m

---

(0/1

5)

0.00

92

16

1,2,

5,6,

9,10

-Hex

abro

moc

yclo

dode

cane

43

– 7

7 (1

/6)

7.1

17

Hex

abro

mob

iphe

nyls

--

- (0

/1)

0.00

025

18

Pent

achl

oron

itrob

enze

ne

---

(0/1

2)

13

---

(0/8

) 1

4.5

(1/1

5)

0.3

19

Form

alde

hyde

3,

100

– 4,

200

(2/2

) 20

0

10

Tabl

e 2-

3 (c

ont’d

) D

etec

tion

Res

ults

of t

he F

Y20

04 In

itial

Env

ironm

enta

l Sur

vey

(3/3

)

Surfa

ce w

ater

33

are

as in

tota

l B

otto

m se

dim

ent

28 a

reas

in to

tal

Aqu

atic

wild

life

9 ar

eas i

n to

tal

Air

25 a

reas

in to

tal

Surv

ey

No.

Su

bsta

nce

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(μg/

L)

(freq

uenc

y(ar

ea))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (μ

g/L)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/g-

dry)

(fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/g-

dry)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/g-

wet

) (fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/g-

wet

)

Det

ecte

d R

ange

(n

g/m

3 ) (fr

eque

ncy(

area

))

Det

ectio

n lim

it (n

g/m

3 ) 20

20

-1

20

-2

20

-3

20

-4

20

-5

20

-6

20

-7

Poly

brom

odip

heny

l eth

ers

B

rom

odip

heny

l eth

ers

Dib

rom

odip

heny

l eth

ers

Trib

rom

odip

heny

l eth

ers

Tetra

brom

odip

heny

l eth

ers

Pent

abro

mod

iphe

nyl e

ther

s H

exab

rom

odip

heny

l eth

ers

Hep

tabr

omod

iphe

nyl e

ther

s

0.00

15 –

0.0

20

(3/3

) 0.

0000

95 –

0.

0002

7 (3

/3)

0.00

023

–

0.00

33

(3/3

) 0.

0002

2 –

0.

0043

(3

/3)

0.00

035

–

0.00

64

(3/3

) 0.

0003

5 –

0.

0054

(3

/3)

0.00

040

–

0.00

12

(2/3

) 0.

0001

5 –

0.

0004

1 (3

/3)

0.00

01

0.

0000

6

0.00

010

0.

0000

7

0.00

008

0.

0000

6

0.00

018

0.

0001

4

21

Pent

abro

mod

iphe

yl e

ther

s

0.

050

(1/4

) 0.

035

22

2-M

etho

xyet

hano

l --

- (0

/6)

1.9

11

4. Evaluation of the survey results

The following is a summary of the FY2004 survey. This survey assessed 22 target substances (groups), and detected two of the 10 target substances

(groups) for surface water (4-aminophenol, pyridafenthion), four of the seven target substances (groups) for bottom sediment (dicofol, diphenylmethane and triphenylmethane, pentabromodiphenyl ether), two of the four target substances (groups) for aquatic wildlife (1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane, formaldehyde), and seven of the nine target substances for air (1,3-dichloropropene, 1-bromopropane, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2-vinylpyridine, N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), pentachloronitrobenzene, polybromodiphenyl ethers).

Evaluations of survey results for each substance (group) are described below.

(1) 4-aminophenol [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water] Surface water: Surveys were conducted in FY1986 at nine survey sites with a detection limit of 0.8

μg/L, and the substance was not detected. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.02 μg/L, and the substance was detected at one of the two survey sites with a detection range between 0.02-0.05 μg/L. (2) 1-allyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water]

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.23 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the seven survey sites. (3) Octachlorodipropyl ether [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water, bottom sediment]

Surface water: Surveys were conducted in FY1981 with detection limits of 0.01-0.025 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the eight survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY1984 with detection limits of 0.001-0.002 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the eight survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.0045 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the nine survey sites. Octachlorodipropyl ether was not detected from surface water either in the previous surveys or under the conditions of the survey sites and the detection limit selected this time.

Bottom sediment: Surveys were conducted in FY1981 with detection limits of 1-2.9 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the eight survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY1984 with detection limits of 0.05-0.23 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the eight survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 2.6 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the nine survey sites. Octachlorodipropyl ether was not detected from bottom sediment either in the previous surveys or under the conditions of the survey sites and the detection limit selected this time. (4) cis-1,3-dichloropropene [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water, air]

trans-1,3-dichloropropene [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water, air] cis-1,3-dichloropropene

Surface water: Surveys were conducted with a detection limit of 0.009 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the 14 survey sites.

Air: Surveys on the substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 9 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at eight of the 20 survey sites with a detection range between 9-100 ng/m3. trans-1,3-dichloropropene

Surface water: Surveys were conducted with a detection limit of 0.008 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the 14 survey sites. Trans-1,3-dichloropropene was not detected from surface water either in the previous surveys or under the conditions of the survey sites, the survey season, and the detection limit selected this time.

12

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 10 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at seven of the 20 survey sites with a detection range between 10-70 ng/m3. (5) 1-bromopropane [media surveyed in FY2004: air]

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 25 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at 11 of the 19 survey sites with a detection range between 27-270 ng/m3. (6) Dicofol [media surveyed in FY2004: bottom sediment]

Bottom sediment: Surveys were conducted in FY1978 with detection limits of 3-11 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the eight survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 1.2 ng/g-dry, and the substance was detected at two of the five survey sites with a detection range between 1.7-6.4 ng/g-dry. (7) Diphenylmethane and triphenylmethane [media surveyed in FY2004: bottom sediment] Diphenylmethane

Bottom sediment: Surveys were conducted in FY1983 with detection limits of 4-41 ng/g-dry, and the substance was detected at two of the 11 survey sites with a detection range between 59-160 ng/g-dry. Surveys were conducted in FY1984 with a detection limit of 0.4-44 ng/g-dry, and the substance was detected at four of the 46 survey sites with a detection range between 0.6-1.9 ng/g-dry. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.4 ng/g-dry, and the substance was detected at two of the 6 survey sites with a detection range between 1.3-20 ng/g-dry. Triphenylmethane

Bottom sediment: Surveys were conducted in FY1983 with a detection limit of 8-41 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the 11 survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.4 ng/g-dry, and the substance was detected at one of the six survey sites with a detection value of 0.9 ng/g-dry. (8) Zinc pyrithione [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water]

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.02 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the five survey sites. Zinc pyrithione was not detected from surface water under the conditions of the survey sites and the detection limit selected this time. (9) Short-chained chlorinated paraffins (10-13 carbon atoms) [media surveyed in FY2004:

surface water, bottom sediment, aquatic wildlife] Short-chained chlorinated paraffin C10

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.0090 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Bottom sediment: Surveys on this substance contained in bottom sediment were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.77 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys on this substance contained in aquatic wildlife were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.53 ng/g-wet, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites. Short-chained chlorinated paraffins C11

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.023 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

13

Bottom sediment: Surveys on this substance contained in bottom sediment were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 3.0 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys on this substance contained in aquatic wildlife were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 1.5 ng/g-wet, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites. Short-chained chlorinated paraffins C12

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.0086 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Bottom sediment: Surveys on this substance contained in bottom sediment were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.34 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys on this substance contained in aquatic wildlife were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.20 ng/g-wet, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites. Short-chained chlorinated paraffins C13

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.0055 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Bottom sediment: Surveys on this substance contained in bottom sediment were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.92 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites.

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys on this substance contained in aquatic wildlife were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.56 ng/g-wet, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites. (10) Tetrabromobisphenol A [media surveyed in FY2004: air]

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.03 ng/m3, and the substance was not detected at either of the two survey sites. Tetrabromobisphenol A was not detected from air under the conditions of the survey sites and the detection limit selected this time. (11) 2,4,6-tribromo phenol [media surveyed in FY2004: air]

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.02 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at both of the two survey sites with a detection range between 0.03-0.14 ng/m3. (12) 2-vinylpyridine [media surveyed in FY2004: air]

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY1991 with a detection limit of 16 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at four of the 17 survey sites with a detection range between 17-30 ng/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.4 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at one of the six survey sites with a detection range between 6.2-18 ng/m3. The detection ranges of the substance have been comparable to previous data. A lower detection limit was selected in this survey, and no major changes were observed in detection frequency or detection range. (13) Pyridaphenthion [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water, bottom sediment]

Surface water: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.11 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the 17 survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.003 μg/L, and the substance was detected at one of 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.004-0.006 μg/L.

Bottom sediment: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 11 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the 17 survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with

14

a detection limit of 0.22 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the 12 survey sites. Pyridaphenthion was not detected from bottom sediment either in the previous surveys, or under the conditions of the survey sites, the survey season, and the detection limit selected this time. (14) p-phenylenediamines [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water, air] N,N’-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD)

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.006 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the six survey sites.

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.001 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at the one survey site with a detection range between 0.002-0.009 ng/m3. N,N’-ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine (DTPD)

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.009 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the six survey sites.

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.0006 ng/m3, and the substance was not detected at the one survey site. N,N’-dixylyl-p-phenylenediamine (DXPD)

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.020 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the six survey sites.

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.001 ng/m3, and the substance was not detected at the one survey site. (15) Fluazinam [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water]

Surface water: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.0092 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the 15 survey sites. (16) 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane [media surveyed in FY2004: aquatic wildlife]

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys on this substance contained in surface water were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 7.1ng/g-wet, detected at one of six survey sites with a detection range between 43-77 ng/g-wet. (17) Hexabromobiphenyl [media surveyed in FY2004: air]

Air: Surveys on this substance contained in air were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.25 pg/m3, and the substance was not detected at the one survey site.

The development of an analytical method with greater sensitivity so as to obtain more data on this target substance, which has been proposed as a candidate substance for the POPs Treaty is working. (18) Pentachloronitrobenzene [media surveyed in FY2004: bottom sediment, aquatic wildlife,

air] Bottom sediment: Surveys were conducted in FY1981 with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/g-dry, and

the substance was not detected at any of the four survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY1991 with a detection limit of 39 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the 17 survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 13 ng/g-dry, and the substance was not detected at any of the 12 survey sites. Pentachloronitrobenzene was not detected from bottom sediment either in the previous surveys or under the conditions of the survey sites, the survey season, and the detection limit selected this time.

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys were conducted in FY1991 with a detection limit of 35 ng/g-wet, and the substance was not detected at any of the 17 survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 1 ng/g-wet, and the substance was not detected at any of the eight survey sites.

15

Pentachloronitrobenzene was not detected from aquatic wildlife either in the previous surveys or under the conditions of the survey sites, the survey season, and the detection limit selected this time.

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY1991 with a detection limit of 6 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at four of the 16 survey sites with a detection range between 6.2-13 ng/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.3 ng/m3, and the substance was detected at one of the 15 survey sites with a detection value of 4.5 ng/m3. Compared with previous surveys, a lower detection limit was selected in this survey, which produced lower detection frequency. (19) Formaldehyde [media surveyed in FY2004: aquatic wildlife]

Aquatic wildlife: Surveys on this substance contained in aquatic wildlife were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 200 ng/g-wet, and the substance was detected at both of the two survey sites with a detection range between 3,100-4,200 ng/m3. (20) Polybromodiphenyl ethers [media surveyed in FY2004: air] Polybromodiphenyl ethers (1-7 bromine compounds)

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.05-0.5 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.07-67 pg/ m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.06 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the three survey sites with a detection range between 1.5-20 pg/ m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. Monobromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.4 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at three of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.4-2.0 pg/ m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.06 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the three survey sites with a detection range between 0.095-0.27 pg/ m3. Compared with previous surveys, a lower detection limit was selected in this survey, which produced a higher detection frequency, while resulting in a lower detection range. Dibromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.2 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.2-12 pg/ m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.10 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the three survey sites with a detection range between 0.23-3.3 pg/ m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. Tribromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.05 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.07-7.9 pg/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.07 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the three survey sites with a detection range between 0.22-4.3 pg/m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. Tetrabromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.5 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at 10 of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.5-10 pg/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.08 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the three survey sites with a detection range between 0.35-6.4 pg/m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. Pentabromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.09 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.10-9.3 pg/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.06 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the

16

three survey sites with a detection range between 0.35-5.4 pg/m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. Hexabromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 with a detection limit of 0.10 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.11-11 pg/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.18 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at two of the three survey sites with a detection range between 0.40-1.2 pg/m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. Heptabromodiphenyl ether

Air: Surveys were conducted in FY2001 at 12 survey sites with a detection limit of 0.20 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at nine of the 12 survey sites with a detection range between 0.21-38 pg/m3. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.14 pg/m3, and the substance was detected at all of the three survey sites with a detection range between 0.15-0.41 pg/m3. The persistence levels of the substance have been comparable to previous data. (21) Pentabromodiphenyl ethers [media surveyed in FY2004: bottom sediment]

Bottom sediment: Surveys of the substance in bottom sediment were conducted for the first time in FY2004 with a detection limit of 0.035 ng/g-dry, and the substance was detected at one of four survey sites with a detection value of 0.050 ng/g-dry. (22) 2-methoxyethanol [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water]

Surface water: Surveys were conducted in FY1976 with a detection limit of 90-100 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the 20 survey sites. Surveys were conducted in FY2004 with a detection limit of 1.9 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the six survey sites. 2-methoxyethanol was not detected from surface water either in the previous surveys, or under the conditions of the survey sites and the detection limit selected this time.

17

Chapter 3 Results of the FY2004 Environmental Survey for Exposure Study 1. Purpose of the Survey

The purpose of this survey is to grasp the status of environmental persistence of the chemical substances such as the Class II Monitoring Chemical Substances specified in the Chemical Substances Control Law and Class I Designated Chemical Substances of the PRTR Law, which is necessary for understanding the exposure amount to humans and wildlife used in the environmental risk assessment targeting these chemical substances. 2. Surveyed substances, media and areas

The FY2004 Chemical Exposure Survey investigated the following five substances (groups) totaling eight substance (group)-medium combinations from among substance-medium combinations discussed and selected by the FY2004 Expert Group on Substance Selection for Environmental Surveys of Chemical Substances. Table 3-1 Target Substances and Media for the FY2004 Environmental for Exposure Survey

Number of survey areas classified by media (number of households for diet) Survey

No. Target Substance Surface water Air Diet Indoor air

1 N,N’-Dimethyldodecylamine=N=oxide 41 2 Hexane 20 18 3 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) 20 50 4 Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 20 50 5 Octabromodiphenyl ether 68

Survey sites are shown in Figures 3-1 to 3-4. Surveys for surface water were conducted on two

substances at 41 survey sites (Figure 3-1). Surveys for atmospheric air were conducted on three substances at 21 survey sites (Figure 3-2). Surveys for diet were conducted on two substances at 50 households in 10 areas (Figure 3-3). Surveys for room air were conducted on one substance (group) at 68 houses in four areas (Figure3-4).

18

Mouth of Riv. Ishikari

Riv. Tokachi (Obihiro City)

LakeJusan

Riv. Toyosawa (Hanamaki City)

Matsushima Bay Onahama Port

Riv. Tagawa (Utsunomiya City) Riv. Ino (Takasaki City) Mouth of Riv. Tone

Coast of Ichihara and Anegasaki

Mouth of Riv. Sumida Kawasaki Port

Yokohama PortShimizu Port

Nagoya PortRiv. Tenryu (Ryuyo Town)

Toba PortYokkaichi Port

Riv. Katsura (Kyoto City)Mouth of Riv. Yamato

Osaka PortMouth of Riv. Kinokawa

Offshore of Himeji

Mouth of Riv. Yoshino

Takamatsu Port

Riv. Amo (Hayato Town)

Riv. Gotanda (Kushikino City)

Offshore of Omuta

Imari Bay

Tokuyama Bay Kure Port

Offshore of Mizushima Kobe Port Miyazu

Port

Lake Biwa (Offshore of Mouth of

Riv. Sai

Mouth of Riv. Jintsu

Lake Suwa

Mouth of Riv.

LakeHachiro

Naha Port

(Ogasawara Islands)

N,N’-dimethyldodecylamine=N=Oxide N,N’-dimethyldodecylamine=N=Oxide+Hexane

(Okinawa Islands)

Figure 3-1 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Surface water, FY2004)

19

Sapporo City (Hokkaido)

Shizukuishi Town (Iwate Pref.)

Sendai City (Miyagi Pref.)

Mito City (Ibaraki Pref.)

Koto Ward (Tokyo Met.)

Yokohama City (Kanagawa Pref.)

Hiratsuka City (Kanagawa Pref.)

Nagoya City (Aichi Pref.)

Yokkaichi City (Mie Pref.)Osaka City (Osaka Pref.)

Kobe City (Hyogo Pref.)Tokushima City (Tokushima Pref.)

Takamatsu City (Kagawa Pref.)

Miyazaki City (Miyazaki Pref.)

Kagoshima City (Kagoshima Pref.)

Omuta City (Fukuoka Pref.)

Yamaguchi City (Yamaguchi Pref.)

Joyo City (Kyoto Pref.)Kakamihara City (Gifu Pref.)

Tonami City (Toyama Pref.)Nagano City (Nagano Pref.)

(Ogasawara Islands)

(Okinawa Islands)

Hexane + PFOS + PFOA PFOS + PFOA Hexane

Figure 3-2 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Air, FY2004)

20

Hokkaido (Hokkaido)

Miyagi Pref. (Tohoku)

Tokyo Met.. (Kanto)

Aichi Pref. (Chubu)

Osaka Pref. (Kansai)

Ehime Pref. (Shikoku)

Ishikawa Pref. (Hokuriku)

Nagano Pref. (Koshin-etsu)

Okinawa Pref. (Okinawa)

(Okinawa Islands)

(Ogasawara Islands)

Fukuoka Pref. (Kyushu)

Figure 3-3 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Diet, FY2004)

21

Sapporo City (Hokkaido)

Sendai City (Miyagi Pref.)

Kawasaki City (Kanagawa Pref.)

Fukuoka City (Fukuoka Pref.)

(Okinawa Islands)

(Ogasawara Islands)

Figure 3-4 Locations of the Environmental Survey for Exposure Study (Indoor Air, FY2004)

22

3. Survey results

Among the five target substances (groups) totaling nine substance (group)-medium combinations, N,N’-dimethyldodecylamine=N=oxide was detected in surface water; hexane, PFOS and PFOA were detected in atmospheric air; and PFOS and PFOA were detected in diet (Table 3-2, Table 3-3). 4. Survey results of each substance (group) (1) N,N’-dimethyldodecylamine=N=oxide [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water]

Surface water: Surveys were conducted with a detection limit of 0.003 μg/L, and the substance was detected in nine of 123 samples from four of the 41 survey sites, with a maximum detection concentration of 0.016 μg/L. (2) Hexane [media surveyed in FY2004: surface water and atmospheric air]

Surface water: Surveys were conducted with a detection limit of 0.008 μg/L, and the substance was not detected at any of the 20 survey sites.

Atmospheric air: Surveys were conducted with a detection limit of 0.09 μg/m3, and the substance was detected in 52 of the 53 samples from all the 18 survey sites, with a maximum detection concentration of 44 μg/m3. (3) Perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS) [media surveyed in FY2004: atmospheric air and diet]

Atmospheric air: This was the first survey to investigate the substance persisting in atmospheric air. The survey was conducted with a detection limit of 0.09 pg/m3, and the substance was detected in 57 of the 60 samples from all the 20 survey sites, with a maximum detection concentration of 44 pg/m3.

Diet: This was the first survey to investigate the substance persisting in diet. The survey was conducted with a detection limit of 0.0033 ng/g-[fresh weight], and the substance was detected at 46 of the 50 surveyed households in all of 10 survey areas, with a maximum detection concentration of 0.12 ng/g-[fresh weight]. (4) Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) [media surveyed in FY2004: atmospheric air and diet]

Atmospheric air: This was the first survey to investigate the substance persisting in atmospheric air. The survey was conducted with a detection limit of 0.14 pg/m3, and the substance was detected in all of the 60 samples from all the 20 survey sites, with a maximum detection concentration of 5,300 pg/m3.

Diet: This was the first survey to investigate the substance persisting in diet. The survey was conducted with a detection limit of 0.010 ng/g-[fresh weight], and the substance was detected at 10 of the 50 surveyed households in 6 of 10 survey areas, with a maximum detection concentration of 0.024 ng/g-[fresh weight]. (5) Octabromodiphenyl ether [media surveyed in FY2004: room air]

Room air: This was the first survey to investigate the substance persisting in room air. The survey was conducted with detection limits of 0.02-0.03 ng/m3, and the substance was not detected at any of the 68 houses in four areas.

As well as room air, outside air was sampled 1 m away from the surveyed houses and analyzed for the comparison and discussion of the relationship between room air and outside air at each survey site. The result was the same as in samples of room air: the substance was not detected in any of the samples of outside air.

23

Tabl

e 3-

2 R

esul

ts o

f the

Env

ironm

enta

l Sur

vey

for E

xpos

ure

Stu

dy in

FY

2004

Su

rfac

e w

ater

A

ir D

iet

Indo

or a

ir D

etec

ted

rang

e M

edia

n D

etec

ted

rang

e M

edia

n D

etec

ted

rang

e M

edia

n D

etec

ted

rang

e M

edia

n

(uni

t) (u

nit)

(uni

t) (u

nit)

Surv

ey

No.

Ta

rget

subs

tanc

e

(fre

quen

cy/a

rea)

) (f

requ

ency

/are

a))

(fre

quen

cy/a

rea)

) (f

requ

ency

/are

a))

nd -1

6 nd

(n

g/L)

1

N,N

’-D

imet

hyld

odec

ylam

ine=

N=o

xide

(4

/41)

nd

nd

nd -

44

0.82

(n

g/L)

(μ

g/m

3 ) 2

Hex

ane

(0/2

0)

(18/

18)

nd -

44

1.5

nd –

0.1

2 0.

067

(pg/

m3 )

(ng/

g-w

et)

3 Pe

rflu

oroo

ctan

e su

lfoni

c ac

id (P

FOS)

(20/

20)

(34/

50)

0.22

– 5

,300

5.

8 nd

– 0

.024

nd

(p

g/m

3 ) (n

g/g-

wet

) 4

Perf

luor

ooct

anoi

c ac

id (P

FOA

)

(20/

20)

(0/5

0)

nd

nd

(ng/

m3 )

5 O

ctab

rom

odip

heny

l eth

er

(0/6

8)

Not

e 1:

Hal

ftone

scre

ened

are

a (g

ray)

den

otes

that

the

surv

ey w

as c

ondu

cted

in o

ther

med

ia n

ot ta

rget

ed in

this

surv

ey.

Not

e 2:

Fre

quen

cy (a

rea)

indi

cate

s: N

umbe

r of d

etec

ted

area

s / N

umbe

r of s

urve

yed

area

s. N

ote

3: [-

--] i

n th

e ra

nge

colu

mn

deno

tes t

hat t

here

was

no

dete

cted

sam

ple.

Ta

ble

3-3

Det

ectio

n Li

mits

for E

xpos

ure

Stu

dy in

FY

2004

Su

rfac

e w

ater

A

ir D

iet

Indo

or a

ir Su

rvey

N

o.

Targ

et su

bsta

nce

Det

ectio

n Li

mit

(uni

t) D

etec

tion

Lim

it (u

nit)

Qua

ntita

tion

Lim

it (u

nit)

Det

ectio

n Li

mit

(uni

t)

1 N

,N’-

Dim

ethy

ldod

ecyl

amin

e=N

=oxi

de

3 (n

g/L)

2 H

exan

e 8

(ng/

L)

0.09

(μg/

m3 )

3 Pe

rflu

oroo

ctan

e su

lfoni

c ac

id (P

FOS)

0.09

(pg/

m3 )

0.01

(ng/

g-w

et)

4 Pe

rflu

oroo

ctan

oic

acid

(PFO

A)

0.

14 (p

g/m

3 ) 0.

01 (n

g/g-

wet

)

5 O

ctab

rom

odip

heny

l eth

er

0.

02 –

0.0

3 (n

g/m

3 )

24

Chapter 4 Summary of the FY2004 Monitoring Investigation 1. Purpose of the survey

The purpose of this survey is to conduct the monitoring of the following substances on an annual basis: target substances specified in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (which took effect on May 17, 2004. Hereinafter “POPs Treaty”) and other substances that may be candidates for target substances of the Treaty; highly persistent substances whose environmental standards are not yet established and annual environmental status needs to be understood, among Class I & II Designated Chemical Substances and Class II Monitoring Chemical Substances specified in the Chemical Substances Control Law. * POPs (persistent organic pollutants) 2. Surveyed substances, media and areas

The FY2004 Monitoring Survey investigated the following 11 substances (groups) totaling 43

substance (group)-medium combinations among substance-medium combinations discussed and selected by the FY2004 Expert Group on Substance Selection for Environmental Surveys of Chemical Substances. Among them, target substances specified in the POPs Treaty are PCBs, HCB, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, DDTs, chlordanes, heptachlors, toxaphenes and mirex. Other target substances are HCHs, hexabromobenzene and dioctyltin compounds.

Survey sites are shown in Figures 4-1 to 4-4. Surveys for surface water were conducted at 40 survey sites (Figure 4-1). Surveys for bottom sediment were conducted at 63 survey sites (Figure 4-2). Surveys for wildlife (shellfish, fish and birds) were conducted at 22 survey sites (Figure 4-3). Surveys for atmospheric air were conducted at 37 survey sites (Figure 4-4). At any of the survey sites, the same target substances were monitored for each medium: as for surface water, bottom sediment and wildlife, 11 substances (groups) were monitored; and as for atmospheric air, 10 substances (groups) were monitored. 3. Method of assessment

The General Inspection Survey was reexamined in FY2002 and the system of the survey was

modified in FY2002. Thus, continuity of the survey has been discussed, comparing the target substances, survey sites and quantification (detection) limits before and after the modification. Subsequently, changes in the persistence of each substance were evaluated based on the results of continuity investigation.

The Monitoring Investigation has been carried out for a long time, and changes have been made to survey sties, analytical methods and survey species.

Therefore, it is difficult to directly compare recent data with old data obtained at the beginning of the Survey. Still these data can be evaluated with continuity through assessment by each common survey site or survey season.

Surveys on the following substances persisting in surface water were carried out in and before FY2001: HCB, dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nanochlor, cis-nanochlor, oxychlordane, α-HCH, and β-HCH. However, it should be remembered that a higher detection limit (10,000 pg/L) was used in these surveys, resulting in lower detection rate.

25

Table 4-1 Target Substances and Media for the FY2004 Monitoring Investigation Media Survey

No. Target Substance Surface water Air Diet Indoor

air

1 PCBs (Total PCB and following items were measured) Mono-CBs, Di-CBs, Tri-CBs, Tetra-CBs, Penta-CBs, Hexa-CBs, Hepta-CBs, Octa-CBs, Nona-CBs, Deca-CB

○ ○ ○ ○

2 HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) ○ ○ ○ ○

3 Drins Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin ○ ○ ○ ○

4 DDTs p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD o,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDD

○ ○ ○ ○

5

Chlordanes trans-Chlordane, cis-Chlordane, trans-Nonachlor, cis-Nonachlor Oxychlordane

○ ○ ○ ○

6 Heptachlors Heptachlor, trans-Heptachlor epoxide, cis-Heptachlor epoxide

○ ○ ○ ○

7 Toxaphenes

2-endo-3-exo-5-endo-6-exo-8,8,10,10-Octachlorobornane, 2-endo-3-exo-5-endo-6-exo-8,8,9,10,10-Nonachlorobornane

○ ○ ○ ○

8 Mirex ○ ○ ○ ○

9 HCHs (Hexachlorocyclohexanes) α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH ○ ○ ○ ○

10 HBB (Hexabromobenzene) ○ ○ ○ ○ 11 Organotin compounds (Dioctyltin compounds) ○ ○ ○

26

Mouth of Riv. Ishikari

Riv. Tokachi (Obihiro City)

Riv. Toyosawa (Hanamaki City)

Matsushima Bay Matsushima Bay

Onahama Port

Mouth of Riv. Tone

Mouth of Riv. Hanami Mouth of Riv. Sumida

Kawasaki PortYokohama Port

Riv. Tenryu (Ryuyo Town)Nagoya Port

Yokkaichi PortRiv. Katsura (Kyoto City)

Mouth of Riv. YamatoOsaka Port

Kobe Port

Mouth of Riv. YoshinoTakamatsu Port

Takamatsu Port

Mouth of Riv. Oyodo

Riv. Gotanda (Kushikino City)

Riv. Midori (Udo City)

Imari Bay

Dokai Bay

Offshore of Hagi Tokuyama Bay

Kure Port Offshore of Mizushima

Offshore of Himeji Miyazu Port

Lake Biwa Offshore of Karasaki

Riv. Shonokawa(Tsuruga City)

Mouth ofRiv. Sai

Mouth of Riv. Jintsu

Lake Suwa

Mouth of Riv. Mogami

Lake HachiroLake Jusan

Naha Port

(Okinawa Islands)

(Ogasawara Islands)

Figure 4-1 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Surface Water (FY2004)

27

Riv. Teshio (Bifuka Town)

(Ogasawara Islands)

(Okinawa Islands)

Naha Port

Riv. Tokachi (Obihiro City)

Tomakomai Port

Riv. Toyosawa (Hanamaki City)

Riv. Hirose (Sendai City)

Matsushima Bay

Onahama Port

Riv. Tagawa (Utsunomiya City) Mouth of Riv. Sumida Mouth of Riv. Tone Mouth of Riv. Arakawa Mouth of Riv. Hanami Coast of Ichihara and Anegasaki Mouth of River Tama Kawasaki Port Yokohama Port Riv. Arakawa (Kofu City)

Shimizu PortRiv. Tenryu (Ryuyo Town)

Kinuura Port Toba Port Nagoya Port Yokkaichi Port Riv. Katsura (Kyoto City)Riv. Yamato (Oji Town) Mouth of Riv. Yodo Mouth of Riv. Yamato Osaka Port Outside Osaka Port Mouth of Riv. Kinokawa

Kob

e Po

rt M

outh

of R

iv. Y

oshi

no

Taka

mat

su P

ort

Niih

ama

Por t

Mou

th o

f Riv

. Shi

man

to

Mou

th o

f Riv

. Oita

M

outh

of R

iv. O

yodo

Riv

. Am

o (H

ayat

o To

wn)

Riv. Gotanda (Kushikino City)

Imari Bay

Hakata Bay Dokai Bay

Offshore of Ube Offshore of Hagi

Tokushima Bay Hiroshima Bay

Kure Bay Offshore of Mizushima

Offshore of Himeji Miyazu Port

Lake Biwa Offshore of Karasaki

Lake Biwa Offshore of Minamihira

Riv. Shonokawa (Tsuruga City)

Mouth ofRiv. Sai

Mouth of Riv. Jintsu

Riv. Yodo (Osaka City)

Lake Suwa

Lower Riv. ShinanoMouth of Riv. Mogami

Lake Hachiro

Lake Jusan

Figure 4-2 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Bottom Sediment (FY2004)

28

Japan Sea (Hexagrammos otakii)

Offshore of Kushiro (Hexagrammos lagocephalus)

Kabu Is. (Hachinohe City) (Black-tail gull)

Kabu Is. (Hachinohe City) (Gray starling) Yamada Bay (Hexagrammos otakii, Blue Mussel)

Matsushima Bay (Sea Bass)

Offshore of Joban (Saury)

Tokyo Bay (Sea Bass) Kawasaki Bay (Sea Bass) Yokohama Bay (Blue Mussel)

Osaka Bay (Sea Bass)Naruto (Hard-shelled Mussel)

Takamatsu Port (Blue Mussel)

Mouth of Riv. Shimanto (Sea Bass)Hiroshima Bay (Sea Bass)

West coast of Satsuma Peninsula

(Sea Bass)

Dokai Bay (Purplish bifurcate Mussel)

Shichirui Bay (Blue Mussel) Nakaumi (Sea Bass)

Lake Biwa (Riv. Ado)(Dace)

Coast ofNoto Peninsula(Blue Mussel)

Nakagusuku Bay (Okinawa Seabream)

(Ogasawara Islands)

(Okinawa Islands)

Figure 4-3 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Aquatic Wildlife (FY2004)

29

Sapporo City, Hokkaido

Nayoro City, Hokkaido

Shizukuishi Town, Iwate Pref.

Sendai City, Miyagi Pref.

Maebashi City, Gumma Pref.

Mito City, Ibaraki Pref.

Koto Ward, Tokyo Met. Ichihara City, Chiba Pref.

Yokohama City, Kanagawa Pref.

Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa Pref. Fuji-Yoshida City, Yamanashi Pref.

Nagoya City, Aichi Pref.

Yokkaichi City, Mie Pref.Tenri City, Nara Pref.

Osaka City, Osaka Pref.Kobe City, Hyogo Pref.

Kobe City, Hyogo Pref.Tokushima City, Tokushima Pref.

Takamatsu City, Kagawa Pref.Uwajima City, Ehime Pref.

Miyazaki City, Miyazaki Pref.Udo City, Kumamoto Pref.

Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Pref.

Omuta City, Fukuoka Pref.

Saga City, Saga Pref.

Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi Pref.

Mishima Is., Yamaguchi Pref. Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Pref.

Oki Is., Shimane Pref. Joyo City, Kyoto Pref.

Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Pref.

Nagano City, nagano Pref.Tonami City, Toyama Pref.

Kagamihara City, Gifu Pref.

Niigata City, Niigata Pref.

Kunigami Village,Okinawa Pref.

Chichijima Is., Tokyo Met.

(Ogasawara Islands)

(Okinawa Islands)

Figure 4-4 Locations of the Monitoring Investigation for Air (FY2004)

30

4. Survey results

Summary of the detection results of the FY2004 survey is shown in Table 4-2 and Table 4-3. As for PCBs, HCB, drins, DDTs, chlordanes, heptachlors, toxaphenes, mirex and HCHs, annual

changes of their persistence in surface water, bottom sediment, wildlife and atmospheric air are diagramed in Figures 4-5 to 4-30.

Note that the annual changes in the persistence of the following substances in surface water in

FY2001 or earlier are not provided because the detection limit used in the past was 1,000 or more times higher than that used in FY2004: HCB, dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nanochlor, cis-nanochlor, oxychlordane, α-HCH, and β-HCH.

PCBs Figures 4-5-A to D HCB Figures 4-6-A to D Drins Figures 4-7-A to 4-9-D DDTs Figures 4-10-A to 4-15-D Chlordanes Figures 4-16-A to 4-20-D Heptachlors Figures 4-21-A to 4-22-D Toxaphenes Figures 4-23-A to 4-25 Mirex Figures 4-26-A to D HCHs Figures 4-27-A to 4-30-D

31

Table 4-2 Results of the Environmental Survey for Monitoring Investigation in FY2004

Geometricalmean

(pg/L)

Geometricalmean

(pg/g-dry)

Geometricalmean

(pg/g-wet)

Geometricalmean

(pg/g-wet)

Geometricalmean

(pg/g-wet)

Geometricalmean

(pg/m3)

Geometricalmean

(pg/m3)

～ 4,400 ～ 1,300,000 ～ 150,000 ～ 540,000 ～ 13,000 ～ 3,300 ～ 1,500

～ 180 ～ 25,000 ～ 80 ～ 1,800 ～ 2,200 ～ 430 ～ 390 3 Drins

～ 13 ～ 390 ～ 46 ～ tr(2.4) ～ 14 ～ 13

～ 430 ～ 3,700 ～ 69,000 ～ 2,800 ～ 960 ～ 280 ～ 76

～ 100 ～ 6,900 ～ 4,600 ～ 220 ～ 62 ～ 6.5 ～ 1.9 4 DDTs

～ 310 ～ 98,000 ～ 2,600 ～ 53,000 ～ 700 ～ 37 ～ 13

～ 680 ～ 39,000 ～ 8,400 ～ 52,000 ～ 200,000 ～ 95 ～ 43

～ 740 ～ 75,000 ～ 8,900 ～ 9,700 ～ 1,400 ～ 1.4 ～ 0.91

～ 85 ～ 17,000 ～ 910 ～ 1,800 ～ 43 ～ 22 ～ 9.4

～ 170 ～ 28,000 ～ 360 ～ 5,800 ～ 4 ～ 8.9 ～ 3.9

～ 81 ～ 16,000 ～ 2,800 ～ 1,700 ～ 25 ～ 2.6 ～ 0.86 5 Chlordanes

～ 1,200 ～ 26,000 ～ 2,800 ～ 5,200 ～ tr(26) ～ 1,300 ～ 360

～ 1,900 ～ 36,000 ～ 14,000 ～ 9,800 ～ 240 ～ 1,000 ～ 290

～ 1,100 ～ 23,000 ～ 3,400 ～ 21,000 ～ 1,200 ～ 870 ～ 240

～ 340 ～ 9,400 ～ 1,800 ～ 10,000 ～ 240 ～ 130 ～ 28

～ 47 ～ 140 ～ 1,700 ～ 1,500 ～ 730 ～ 7.8 ～ 3.96 Heptachlors

～ 29 ～ 170 ～ 16 ～ 460 ～ tr(1.5) ～ 200 ～ 100

～ tr(2.5) ～ 55 ～ tr(10) ～ tr(0.38)

～ 77 ～ 230 ～ 840 ～ 620 ～ 350 ～ 9.7 ～ 7.07 Toxaphenes

～ tr(32) ～ 1,000 ～ 810 ～ 0.46 ～ 0.50

～ tr(45) ～ 1,300 ～ 1,000

～ 870 ～ 280

～ 1.1 ～ 220 ～ 12 ～ 180 ～ 110 ～ 0.16 ～ 0.239 HCHs

～ 5,700 ～ 5,700 ～ 1,800 ～ 2,900 ～ 1,600 ～ 3,200 ～ 680

～ 3,400 ～ 53,000 ～ 1,800 ～ 1,100 ～ 4,800 ～ 110 ～ 78

～ 8,200 ～ 4,100 ～ 230 ～ 660 ～ 1,200 ～ 860 ～ 230

～ 670 ～ 5,500 ～ 1,500 ～ 270 ～ 260 ～ 93 ～ 18

～ 34 ～ tr(0.12) ～ 610 ～ 380

～ 88 ～ tr(2.5)(Notice）"nd" was taken into account as a half value of detection limit.

nd

11

tr(40)

tr(3.3) 46

nd

nd 54

nd

2.7

0.27 0.80

nd nd

1.1

nd tr(0.094) tr(0.15)

3.2

nd

nd

13 150

nd nd

nd nd

nd 0.53 11

nd

0.44

4 220

tr(0.019) tr(0.046)

nd

AirFirst (Warm season)37 areas, 37 samples

Second (Cold season)37 areas, 37 samples

nd

0.95 23

0.087

11 68

0.32 2.6

2.6 19

tr(0.07) 0.762.2

46

nd

nd

nd

tr(0.025) 0.12

35

1.2 29

0.35 1.5

0.14 0.53

1.5

0.29 1.8

0.85 2.9

nd tr(0.13)

tr(0.08)

0.81 5.5

nd 0.23

nd

WildlifeSurface water 38 areas, 38samples

Bottom sediment 63 areas, 189 samples Shellfish

7 areas, 31 samplesFish

14 areas, 70 samplesBirds

2 areas, 10 samples

140 1 PCBs

Range(pg/L)

SurveyNo. Target Substance

4-3

4-4

4-5

2

3-1

3-2

3-3

6-1

9-1

6-2

7-2

7-3

8

7-1

6-3

ＨＣＢ

Aldrin

Dieldrin

Endrin

p,p’ -DDT

o,p’ -DDT

p,p’ -DDE

5-4

4-6

5-1

5-2

5-3

4-1

4-2

5-5

o,p’ -DDE

p,p’ -DDD

o,p’ -DDD

trans -Chlordane

cis -Chlordane

trans -Nonachlor

cis -Nonachlor

Oxychlordane

Heptachlors

α -ＨＣＨ

β -ＨＣＨ

trans- Heptachlor epoxide

Parlar-50

Parlar-62

Mirex

Parlar-26

cis- Heptachlor epoxide

tr(11) 30

nd tr(1.5)

9 55

tr(0.7) 7

nd 15

nd tr(4.5)

tr(0.7)

tr(6) 36

tr(0.6) 3

tr(2.4) 19

6

5

25tr(3)

10

32

nd nd

0.8

tr(0.7)

Range(pg/g-dry)

38 7,300

7.5

92

630

tr(6) 130

nd 9

tr(1.9) 58

nd 13

7 330

tr(1.1) 52

8 630

tr(0.7) 120

83

tr(0.8) 46

3 95

4

nd tr(2.5)

3

tr(1.5) 140

tr(4.4) nd

nd nd

nd

Range(pg/g-wet)

1,500 7,700

nd tr(2.0)

140

nd 35

4 550

14 30

nd tr(1.7)

42 510

tr(5.7) 54

48 280

20 130

220 1,000

19 70

8 300

nd tr(3.5)

110 710

14

91 1,200

110

Range(pg/g-wet)

990

nd

6

tr(0.9)

140

510

15,000

tr(12) 35

43 280

6 160

53

26 220

nd

tr(23) 240

nd 18

310

4 130

390 2,500

68

56 640

580

1,000

nd 100

tr(17) 190

nd tr(11)

160

nd tr(1.9)

48 410

25 150

68

Range(pg/g-wet)

5,900 8,900

tr(3.9) 100

410 970

nd

370 590

330

tr(0.9) 8

6,800 34,000

52 310

nd tr(1.0)

tr(14)

tr(5.8) 39

nd tr(5.6)

Range(pg/m3)

25 240

58 120

390 680

73 130

nd

47 130

nd tr(0.12)

1.1 17

tr(0.054) 0.64

0.41 4.7

0.54 5.1

0.62 6.1

0.14 1.1

tr(0.036) 0.24

tr(0.052) 0.31

2.2 110

2.3 92

320 460

nd

1,100 2,200

3.8

57

22 69

1.9 72

0.46 23

0.36 10

0.41 1.9

nd

2

nd

tr(9.8) 57 0.65

nd ndtr(4.0) nd

nd

tr(1.1)

tr(16)

nd nd

nd

10

nd

4.5

nd ndnd ndnd

nd 2.1

9-3 γ -ＨＣＨ21 91

9-231 260

tr(0.5) 48 nd

ndtr(0.8) 46

9-4 δ -ＨＣＨtr(1.4) 24 tr(3.0) nd tr(4.1) 6 16

Range(pg/m3)

20 130

51 98

4.5

0.15

160

6.6

nd

tr(11) 34

nd

nd

33 61

nd

nd

nd

2.8190 270

71

83 nd

24

0.53

tr(0.042)

tr(64) nd

0.099

nd

tr(19) nd tr(27)

nd

nd

0.27

nd

tr(0.17)

10 HBB nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd tr(18) nd nd

11 DOT nd nd nd tr(2.6) nd nd nd nd nd nd

32

Table 4-3 Detection Limits for Monitoring Investigation in FY2004

0.4～10 0.2～2 2.1～18 2.1～18 2.1～18 0.024～0.99 0.024～0.99[0.2～4] [0.06～0.6] [0.61～6.1] [0.61～6.1] [0.61～6.1] [0.0081～0.33] [0.0081～0.33]

30 7 14 14 14 1.1 1.1[8] [3] [4.6] [4.6] [4.6] [0.37] [0.37]

3 Drins

2 2 4 4 4 0.15 0.15[0.4] [0.6] [1.3] [1.3] [1.3] [0.05] [0.05]

2 3 31 31 31 0.33 0.33[0.5] [0.9] [10] [10] [10] [0.11] [0.11]

2 3 12 12 12 0.14 0.14[0.5] [0.9] [4.2] [4.2] [4.2] [0.048] [0.048]

4 DDTs

6 2 3.2 3.2 3.2 0.22 0.22[2] [0.5] [1.1] [1.1] [1.1] [0.074] [0.074]8 3 8.2 8.2 8.2 0.12 0.12

[3] [0.8] [2.7] [2.7] [2.7] [0.039] [0.039]3 2 2.2 2.2 2.2 0.053 0.053

[0.8] [0.7] [0.7] [0.7] [0.7] [0.018] [0.018]5 2 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.093 0.093

[2] [0.6] [0.61] [0.61] [0.61] [0.031] [0.031]2 3 2.1 2.1 2.1 0.037 0.037

[0.5] [0.8] [0.69] [0.69] [0.69] [0.012] [0.012]2 2 5.7 5.7 5.7 0.14 0.14

[0.5] [0.5] [1.9] [1.9] [1.9] [0.048] [0.048] 5 Chlordanes

5 3 48 48 48 0.69 0.69[2] [0.9] [16] [16] [16] [0.23] [0.23]6 4 18 18 18 0.57 0.57

[2] [2] [5.8] [5.8] [5.8] [0.19] [0.19]4 2 13 13 13 0.48 0.48

[2] [0.6] [4.2] [4.2] [4.2] [0.16] [0.16]0.6 2 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.072 0.072

[0.2] [0.6] [1.1] [1.1] [1.1] [0.024] [0.024]2 3 9.2 9.2 9.2 0.13 0.13

[0.5] [0.8] [3.1] [3.1] [3.1] [0.042] [0.042]6 Heptachlors

5 3 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.23 0.23[2] [0.9] [1.4] [1.4] [1.4] [0.078] [0.078]0.9 4 12 12 12 0.6 0.6

[0.3] [2] [4] [4] [4] [0.2] [0.2]2 6 9.9 9.9 9.9 0.052 0.052

[0.4] [2] [3.3] [3.3] [3.3] [0.017] [0.017]7 Toxaphenes

9 60 42 42 42 0.20 0.20[3] [20] [14] [14] [14] [0.066] [0.066]20 60 46 46 46 1.2 1.2[7] [20] [15] [15] [15] [0.4] [0.4]90 2,000 98 98 98 2.4 2.4

[30] [400] [33] [33] [33] [0.81] [0.81]0.4 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.05 0.05

[0.2] [0.5] [0.82] [0.82] [0.82] [0.017] [0.017]9 HCHs

6 2 13 13 13 0.33 0.33[2] [0.6] [4.3] [4.3] [4.3] [0.11] [0.11]4 3 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.12 0.12

[2] [0.8] [2.0] [2.0] [2.0] [0.041] [0.041]20 2 31 31 31 0.23 0.23[7] [0.5] [10] [10] [10] [0.076] [0.076]2 2 4.6 4.6 4.6 0.15 0.15

[0.7] [0.5] [1.5] [1.5] [1.5] [0.05] [0.05]2.0 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 29 29

[0.6] [0.9] [0.1] [0.1] [0.1] [9.7] [9.7]5.5 6.0 3 3 3

[1.9] [2.0] [1] [1] [1]* Value in parenthesis [ ] indicates MDL (Method Detection Limit). MQL = MDL * 3

MQL(pg/m3)

MQL(pg/m3)

Air

First (Warm season) Second (Cold season)

9-4

MQL(pg/g-wet)

δ -ＨＣＨ

MQL(pg/g-wet)

MQL(pg/g-wet)

8 Mirex

9-1 α -ＨＣＨ

9-2

9-3 γ -ＨＣＨ

β -ＨＣＨ

6-1 Heptachlors

cis- Heptachlor epoxide

Parlar-26 7-1

trans- Heptachlor epoxide

7-3

5-5 Oxychlordane

4-6 o,p’ -DDD

5-4 cis -Nonachlor

5-3 trans -Nonachlor

5-2 cis -Chlordane

5-1 trans -Chlordane

4-1 p,p’ -DDT

4-3 p,p’ -DDE

4-5 p,p’ -DDD

4-4 o,p’ -DDE

4-2 o,p’ -DDT

1 PCBs*

3-1 Aldrin

2

3-3 Endrin

3-2 Dieldrin

HCB

Shellfish Fish Birds

Wildlife

SurveyNo.

Target Substance

Surface water Bottom sediment

MQL(pg/L)

MQL(pg/g-dry)

Parlar-62

6-2

7-2 Parlar-50

6-3

10 HBB

11 DOT

33

Water

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

Surface water MQL [MDL](pg/g-dry) FY2000 [0.03～2] FY2001 [0.03～30] FY2002 0.18～0.90 [0.06～0.30] FY2003 0.3～6 [0.07～2] FY2004　0.4～10 [0.2～4]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.。

Figure 4-5-A Annual Change of PCBs in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Annual Change of PCBs in Bottom Sediment (geometric mean)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedim

ent

(pg/g-dry

)

Bottom sediment

No survey

conducted

Figure 4-5-B Annual Change of PCBs in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

34

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life(p

g/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL[MDL] (pg/g-wet)

Up to FY2001 [10,000]

FY2002　 　1.2～3 [0.4～1]

FY2003　 　2.1～11 [0.69～3.7]

FY2004　　 2.1～18 [0.61～6.1]

・Geometric mean was calculated,

assuming nd as one half of the

detection limit.

Figure 4-5-C Annual Change of PCBs in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

Air●

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2000 [0.0004～3] FY2001 [0.0004～5] FY2002 0.015～90 [0.005～30] FY2003 0.013～3.2 [0.0043～1.1] FY2004　0.024～0.99 [0.008～0.33]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of the detectionlimit

Figure 4-5-D Annual Change of PCBs in Air (geometric mean)

35

Surface water

0

10

20

30

40

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002　 0.6 [0.2]　 FY2003　 5 [2] FY2004　 30 [8]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-6-A Annual Change of HCBs in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom Sediment

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bot

tom

sed

iment

(pg

/g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)

Up to FY2001　[around 1,000]

　FY2002　 0.9 [0.3]

　 FY2003　 4 [2]

FY2004　 7 [3]

・Geometric mean was calculated, assuming nd as one half of the detection limit.

Figure 4-6-B Annual Change of HCBs in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

36

Annual Change of HCB in Wildlife (geometric mean)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Adult birds of black-tailesgulls were sampled atKabushima (juvenile birdshave been sampled since FY1996 )

Sampling period of black-tailedgulls in Tokyo Bay (birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001　[１,000] FY2002　 0.18 [0.06] FY2003　 23 [7.5] FY2004 14 [4.6]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of the detectionli it

0

50

100

150

200

250

'02 '04

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

'02 '04

Figure 4-6-C Annual Change of HCBs in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air(p

g/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 2.3 [0.78] FY2004　1.1 [0.37]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-6-D Annual Change of HCBs in Air (geometric mean)

37

Surface water

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

NQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 0.6 [0.2] FY2003　 0.6 [0.2] FY2004 2 [0.4]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-7-A Annual Change of Aldrin in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 6 [2] FY2003 2 [0.6] FY2004 2 [0.6]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-7-B Annual Change of Aldrin in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

38

Wildlife

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

No survey wereconducted inFY1990, FY1992 andfrom FY1994 toFY2001.MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)

Up to FY1993 [1,000] FY2002　4.2 [1.4]　FY2003 2.5 [0.84] FY2004 4 [1.3]・Geometric mean was calculated, assumingnd as one half of the detection limit.。Geometric means in fish and birds samplesin FY2002 and 2003 were less than MDL.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

'02 '04

Figure 4-7-C Annual Change of Aldrin in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.060 [0.020] FY2003 0.023 [0.0077] FY2004　0.15 [0.05]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-7-D Annual Change of Aldrin in Air (geometric mean)

39

Surface water

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

NQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 1.8 [0.6] FY2003 0.7 [0.3] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-8-A Annual Change of Dieldrin in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dry

)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up to FY2001　[１～4,000] 　FY2002 3 [1] FY2003 4 [2] FY2004 3 [0.9]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

50

55

60

65

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-8-B Annual Change of Dieldrin in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

40

Wildlife

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Adult birds of black-tailes gulls were sampledat Kabushima (juvenilebirds have been sampledsince FY 1996.)

Sampling period of black-tailedgulls in Tokyo Bay (birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001　[1,000] FY2002　 12 [4] FY2003 4.8 [1.6]　FY2004　 31 [10]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd asone half of the detectionlimit

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

'02 '04

Figure 4-8-C Annual Change of Dieldrin in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

5

10

15

20

25

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.60 [0.20] FY2003 2.1 [0.70] FY2004　0.33 [0.11]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-8-D Annual Change of Dieldrin in Air (geometric mean)

41

Surface water

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002　 6.0 [2.0] FY2003　 0.7 [0.3] FY2004　 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd asone half of the detectionli it

Figure 4-9-A Annual Change of Endrin in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002　 6 [2] FY2003　 5 [2] FY2004　 3 [0.9]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd asone half of the detection

Figure 4-9-B Annual Change of Endrin in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

42

Wildlife

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

生物

(pg/

g-w

et)

Shellfish Fish Birds

No survey wereconducted inFY1990, FY1992and from FY1994 toFY200

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY1993　[１,000] FY2002 18 [6] FY2003 4.8 [1.6]　FY2004 12 [4.2]・Geometric mean was calculated, assumingnd as one half of the detection limit.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-9-C Annual Change of Endrin in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.090 [0.030] FY2003 0.042 [0.014] FY2004　0.14 [0.048]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-9-D Annual Change of Endrin in Air (geometric mean)

43

Surface water

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002　0.6 [0.2] FY2003 3 [0.9] FY2004 6 [2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-10-A Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

底質定量[検出]下限値(pg/g-dry)～平成13年　[地点別 １～110,000] 　平成14年　6 [2] 平成15年 2 [0.4] 平成16年 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

220

240

260

280

300

320

340

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-10-B Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

44

Wildlife

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001　[1,000] FY2002 4.2 [1.4] FY2003 11 [3.5] FY2004 3.2 [1.1]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-10-C Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

2

4

6

8

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.24 [0.08] FY2003 0.14 [0.046] FY2004　0.22 [0.074]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-10-D Annual Change of p,p’-DDT in Air (geometric mean)

45

Surface water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 0.6 [0.2] FY2003 4 [2] FY2004 8 [3]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-11-A Annual Change of p,p’-DDE iin Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up to FY2001 [ 1～31,000] 　FY2002 2.7 [0.9] FY2003 0.9 [0.3] FY2004 3 [0.8]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-11-B Annual Change of p,p’-DDE in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

46

Wildlife

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Sampling period of black-tailedgulls in Tokyo Bay (birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [１,000] FY2002 2.4 [0.8] FY2003 5.7 [1.9] FY2004 8.2 [2.7]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of the detectionli i

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

'02

'03

'04

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-11-C Annual Change of p,p’-DDE in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

2

4

6

8

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.09 [0.03] FY2003 0.40 [0.13] FY2004　0.12 [0.039]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

大気●

Figure 4-11-D Annual Change of p,p’-DDE in Air (geometric mean)

47

Surface water

0

5

10

15

20

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 0.24 [0.08] FY2003 2 [0.5] FY2004 3 [0.8]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-12-A Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dry

)

Bottom sediment

530

540

550

560

570

580

590

600

'02 '03 '04

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) Up to FY2001 [1～32,000] FY2002 2.4 [0.8] FY2003 0.9 [0.3] FY2004 2 [0.7]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-12-B Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

48

Wildlife

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (ng/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [1,000] FY2002 5.4 [1.8] FY2003 9.9 [3.3] FY2004 　2.2 [0.7]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

'02 '04

Figure 4-12-C Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.018 [0.006] FY2003 0.054 [0.018] FY2004　0.053 [0.018]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-12-D Annual Change of p,p’-DDD in Air (geometric mean)

49

水質

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

水質

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 1.2 [0.4] FY2003 3 [0.7] FY2004 5 [2]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-13-A Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 6 [2] FY2003　0.8 [0.3] FY2004 2 [0.6]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-13-B Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

50

Wildlife

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

elif

e (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [1,000] FY2002 12 [4] FY2003 2.9 [0.97] FY2004 1.8 [0.61]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

30

60

90

120

150

'02 '04

Figure 4-13-C Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.15 [0.05] FY2003 0.12 [0.040] FY2004　0.093 [0.031]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-13-D Annual Change of o,p’-DDT in Air (geometric mean)

51

Surface water

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 0.8 [0.3] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-14-A Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 3 [1] FY2003 0.6 [0.2] FY2004 3 [0.8]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-14-B Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

52

Wildlife

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [1,000] FY2002 3.6 [1.2] FY2003 3.6 [1.2] FY2004 2.1 [0.69]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

'02 '04

Figure 4-14-C Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.03 [0.01] FY2003 0.020 [0.0068] FY2004　0.037 [0.012]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-14-D Annual Change of o,p’-DDE in Air (geometric mean)

53

Surface water

0

2

4

6

8

10

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 0.6 [0.2] FY2003　 0.8 [0.3] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-15-A Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 6 [2] FY2003　 2 [0.5] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-15-B Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

54

Wildlife

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [１,000] FY2002 12 [4] FY2003 6.0 [2.0] FY2004 5.7 [1.9]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-15-C Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.021 [0.006] FY2003 0.042 [0.014] FY2004　0.14 [0.048]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-15-D Annual Change of o,p’-DDD in Air (geometric mean)

55

Surface water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 1.5 [0.5] FY2003 5 [2] FY2004 5 [2]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-16-A Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dry

)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up to FY2001 [1～23,000] 　FY2002 1.8 [0.6] FY2003 4 [2] FY2004 3 [0.9]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-16-B Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

56

Wildlife

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life p

g/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [１,000] 　FY2002 2.4 [0.8] FY2003 7.2 [2.4] FY2004 48 [16]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

'02 '04

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

'02 '04

Figure 4-16-C Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds)

(geometric mean)

Air

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3)

FY2002 0.60 [0.20] FY2003 0.86 [0.29] FY2004　0.69 [0.23]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-16-D Annual Change of trans-Chlordane in Air (geometric mean)

57

Surface water

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 3 [0.9] FY2004 6 [2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-17-A Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up toFY2001 [1～22,000] FY2002 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 4 [2] FY2004 4 [2]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of the detectionlimit

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-17-B Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

58

Wildlife

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Sampling period of black-tailedgulls in Tokyo Bay (birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [1,000] 　FY2002 2.4 [0.8] FY2003 3.9 [1.3] FY2004 18 [5.8]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

'02 '04

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-17-C Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.60 [0.20] FY2003 0.51 [0.17] FY2004　0.57 [0.19]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-17-D Annual Change of cis-Chlordane in Air (geometric mean)

59

Surface water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 1.2 [0.4] FY2003 2 [0.5] FY2004 4 [2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-18-A Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedim

ent

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up to FY2001 [1～25,000] 　FY2002 1.5 [0.5] FY2003 2 [0.6] FY2004 2 [0.6]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-18-B Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

60

Wildlife

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Sampling period ofblack-tailed

gulls in Tokyo Bay(birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001　[１,000] 　FY2002 2.4 [0.8] FY2003 3.6 [1.2] FY2004 13 [4.2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming ndas one half of thedetection limit.

Adult birds of black-tailes gulls were sampledat Kabushima (juvenilebirds have been sampledsince FY 1996.)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

'02 '04

Figure 4-18-C Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds)

(geometric mean)

Air

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.30 [0.10] FY2003 0.35 [0.12] FY2004　0.48 [0.16]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-18-D Annual Change of trans-Nonachlor in Air (geometric mean)

61

Surface water

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater(

pg/L)

Surface water

MQl [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 1.8 [0.6] FY2003 0.3 [0.1] FY2004 0.6 [0.2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-19-A Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedim

ent

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up to FY2001　[1～19,000] 　FY2002 2.1 [0.7] FY2003 3 [0.9] FY2004 2 [0.6]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-19-B Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

62

Wildlife

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Sampling period of black-tailedgulls in Tokyo Bay (birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [１,000] FY2002 1.2 [0.4] FY2003 4.8 [1.6] FY2004 3.4 [1.1]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

'02 '04

Figure 4-19-C Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.030 [0.010] FY2003 0.026 [0.0088] FY2004　0.072 [0.024]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-19-D Annual Change of cis-Nonachlor in Air (geometric mean)

63

Surface water

0

1

2

3

4

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater(

pg/L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 1.2 [0.4] FY2003 2 [0.5] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd asone half of the detectionlimit.

Figure 4-20-A Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2002 1.5 [0.5] FY2003 1 [0.4] FY2004 3 [0.8]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-20-B Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

64

Wildlife

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life(p

g/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

Sampling period of black-tailedgulls in Tokyo Bay (birds)

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [１,000] FY2002 3.6 [1.2] FY2003 8.4 [2.8] FY2004 9.2 [3.1]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd asone half of the detection limit.

Adult birds of black-tailesgulls were sampled atKabushima (juvenile birdshave been sampled sinceFY 1996.) 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

'02 '04

Figure 4-20-C Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.024 [0.008] FY2003 0.045 [0.015] FY2004　0.13 [0.042]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-20-D Annual Change of Oxychlordane in Air (geometric mean)

65

Surface water

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 1.5 [0.5] FY2003 2 [0.5] FY2004 5 [2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-21-A Annual Change of Heptachlor in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 1.8 [0.6] FY2003 3 [1] FY2004 3 [0.9]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-21-B Annual Change of Heptachlor in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

66

Wildlife

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet) FY2002 4.2 [1.4] FY2003 6.6 [2.2] FY2004 4.1 [1.4]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-21-C Annual Change of Heptachlor in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2002 0.12 [0.04] FY2003 0.25 [0.085] FY2004　0.23 [0.078]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-21-D Annual Change of Heptachlor in Air (geometric mean)

67

Surface water

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003 0.7 [0.2] FY2004 2 [0.4]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-22-A Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment(

pg/g-

dry)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003 3 [1] FY2004 6 [2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-22-B Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

68

Wildlife

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet) FY2003 6.9 [2.3] FY2004 9.9 [3.3]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-22-C Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds)

(geometric mean)

Air

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2003 0.015 [0.0048] FY2004　0.052 [0.017]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-22-D Annual Change of cis-Heptachlor epoxide in Air (geometric mean)

69

Wildlife

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Wild

life (

ng/

g-w

et)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (ng/g-wet) FY2003 45 [15] FY2004 42 [14]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-23-A Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 26) in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds)

(geometric mean)

Air

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2003 0.20 [0066] FY2004　0.20 [0.066]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-23-B Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 26) in Air (geometric mean)

70

Wildlife

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Wild

life (

ng/

g-w

et)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (ng/g-wet) FY2003 33 [11] FY2004 46 [15]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-24 Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 50) in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds)

(geometric mean)

Wildlife

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Wild

life (

ng/

g-w

et)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (ng/g-wet) FY2003 120 [40] FY2004 98 [33]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-25 Annual Change of Toxaphene (Parlar 62) in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds)

(geometric mean)

71

Surface water

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003 40 [20] FY2004 9 [3]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-26-A Annual Change of Mirex in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003 2 [0.4] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-26-B Annual Change of Mirex in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

72

Wildlife

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Wild

life (

ng/

g-w

et)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL](ng/g-wet) FY2003 2.4 [0.81] FY2004 2.5 [0.82]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-26-C Annual Change of Mirex in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2003 0.0084 [0.0028] FY2004　0.05 [0.017]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-26-D Annual Change of Mirex in Air (geometric mean)

73

Surface

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

水質

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 3 [0.9] FY2004 6 [2]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-27-A Annual Change of α-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedi

ment(

pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up to FY2001　[1～21,000] 　FY2002　 1.2 [0.4] FY2003 2 [0.5] FY2004 2 [0.6]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

125

130

135

140

145

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-27-B Annual Change of α-HCH in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

74

Wildlife

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001 [１,000] FY2002 4.2 [1.4] FY2003 1.8 [0.61] FY2004 13 [4.3]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

50

100

150

200

'02 '04

Figure 4-27-C Annual Change of α-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

50

100

150

200

250

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg

/m

3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2003 0.71 [0.24] FY2004　0.33 [0.11]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-27-D Annual Change of α-HCH in Air (geometric mean)

75

Surface water

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) 　FY2002　 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 3 [0.7] FY2004 4 [2]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-28-A Annual Change of β-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Bott

om

sedim

ent

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry)Up tp FY2001 [1～34,000] 　FY2002　 0.9 [0.3] FY2003 2 [0.7] FY2004 3 [0.8]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

200

205

210

215

220

225

'02 '03 '04

Figure 4-28-B Annual Change of β-HCH in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

76

Wildlife

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY2001　[１,000] FY2002　 12 [4] FY2003 9.9 [3.3] FY2004 6.1 [2.0]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

0

50

100

150

'02 '03 '04

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

'02 '04

Figure 4-28-C Annual Change of β-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2003 0.19 [0.063] FY2004　0.12 [0.041]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-28-D Annual Change of β-HCH in Air (geometric mean)

77

Surface water

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003　 7 [2] FY2004 20 [7]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-29-A Annual Change of γ-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

10

20

30

40

50

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003　 2 [0.4] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-29-B Annual Change of γ-HCH in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

78

Wildlife

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY1996　[１,000] FY2003 3.3 [1.1] FY2004 31 [10]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

No survey wasconducted fromFY1997 to FY2002.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

'03 '04

Figure 4-29-C Annual Change of γ-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3)

FY2003 0.57 [0.19] FY2004　0.23 [0.076]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-29-D Annual Change of γ-HCH in Air (geometric mean)

79

Surface water

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Surf

ace w

ater

(pg/

L)

Surface water

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003　 2 [0.5] FY2004 2 [0.7]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Figure 4-30-A Annual Change of δ-HCH in Surface Water (geometric mean)

Bottom sediment

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Bott

om

sedi

ment

(pg/

g-dr

y)

Bottom sediment

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-dry) FY2003　 2 [0.7] FY2004 2 [0.5]・Geometric mean was calculated,assuming nd as one half of thedetection limit.

Figure 4-30-B Annual Change of δ-HCH in Bottom Sedimant (geometric mean)

80

Wildlife

0

150

300

450

600

750

900

'78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal Year

Wild

life (

pg/g-

wet)

Shellfish Fish Birds

MQL [MDL] (pg/g-wet)Up to FY1993　[１,000] FY2003 3.9 [1.3] FY2004 4.6 [1.5]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

No survey was conductedin FY 2001 and fromFY1993 to FY2002.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

'03 '04

Figure 4-30-C Annual Change of δ-HCH in Wildlife (fish, shellfish, birds) (geometric mean)

Air

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Fiscal year

Air (pg/

m3)

MQL [MDL] (pg/m3) FY2003 0.03 [0.01] FY2004　0.15 [0.05]・Geometric mean wascalculated, assuming nd as onehalf of the detection limit.

Air●

Figure 4-30-D Annual Change of δ-HCH in Air (geometric mean)

81

5. Evaluation of survey results

Summary of the results of FY2004 survey is as follows. The target substances monitored in this survey are PCBs, HCB, three drins (aldrin, dieldrin and

endrin), six DDTs (p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDE and o,p’-DDD), five chlordanes (cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, cis-nanochlor, trans-nanochlor and oxychlordane), three heptachlors (heptachlor, cis-heptachlor epoxide and trans-heptachlor epoxide), three toxaphenes (Parlar-26, Parlar-50 and Parlar-62), mirex, four HCHs (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH), hexabromobenzene and dioctyltin compounds.

High-sensitivity analyses were carried out in FY2004, in succession from FY2002 and FY2003. The POPs, especially, were detected in all the substance-medium combinations, except that toxaphenes were not detected in surface water and bottom sediment.

Evaluations of survey results for each substance (group) are described below. (1) PCBs

Surface water: The substance persisting in surface water has been surveyed in the last five years with comparable detection limits, which allow the continuous evaluation of the results. Survey sites having been used since FY2002 and later are different from those used in FY2001 and earlier. The geometric means for FY2000 to FY2004 were 540 pg/L, 440 pg/L, 460 pg/L, 530 pg/L and 630 pg/L, respectively, indicating that their persistence has a leveling-off tendency. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites every year, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The substance persisting in bottom sediment has been surveyed in the last five years with comparable detection limits, which allow the continuous evaluation of the results. Survey sites having been used since FY2002 and later are different from those used in FY 2001 and earlier. The geometric means in FY2000 to FY2004 were 15,000 pg/g-dry, 15,000 pg/g-dry, 9,200 pg/g-dry, 8,200 pg/g-dry and 7,300 pg/g-dry, respectively, indicating that its persistent levels were somewhat lower in FY2002, FY2003 and FY2004 than in FY2000 and FY2001. The genomic means showed decreases in FY2002, FY2003 and FY2004. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites every year, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish: The persistent concentrations of the substance showed a decreasing tendency in early years between FY1979 and FY1981. The values in recent years until FY2001 were mostly below a detection limit (10,000 pg/g-wet), and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of their persistence from medians, 70% values and 80% values. Comparable detection limits were used in FY2002 and later, which allow the continuous evaluation of the results. Changes were made to survey sites as follows: two sites were excluded in FY2003 (Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis [blue mussel] at the Miura Peninsula, and Septifer virgatus [purplish bifurcate mussel] at Mishima); one site was added in FY2004 (Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis [blue mussel] at Takamatsu Port in Kagawa Prefecture); survey species was changed at one survey site (Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis [blue mussel] Septifer virgatus [purplish bifurcate mussel] at Dokai Bay in Kitakyushu City). The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: Persistent concentration of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. The substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of their persistence in birds because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, their persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been surveyed in the last five years with comparable detection limits, which allow the continuous evaluation of the results. Survey sites having

82

been used since FY2002 and later are different from those used in FY 2001 and earlier. The geometric means for FY2000 to FY2003 were 390 pg/m3, 280 pg/m3, 100 pg/m3, 260 pg/m3 (FY2003, warm season) and 110 pg/m3 (FY2003, cold season), respectively. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Since PCBs are substances specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. As the disposal of PCBs by decomposition has been started, its effects and influences must be taken into account. In addition to the total PCBs, homologs of PCBs and coplanar PCB have hitherto been monitored at irregular intervals. (2) HCB

Surface water: The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (about 10,000 pg/L) from FY1986 to FY1998. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: Persistent concentration of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish: The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) from FY1978 to FY2001, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: The persistent concentrations of the substance showed a decreasing tendency in early years between FY1978 and FY1984. The values were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) in FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence in birds because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Since HCB is a substance specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace its fate. (3) Drins (aldrin, dieldrin and endrin) Aldrin

Surface water and bottom sediment: The substance has been detected at almost all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

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Shellfish: The persistent concentrations of the substance were below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) from FY1978 to FY1993, but no monitoring surveys were conducted between FY1994 and FY2001. The persistent concentrations in FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and FY2003. The substance has been detected at about half of the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) from FY1978 to FY1993, but no monitoring surveys were conducted between FY1994 and FY2001. The substance was detected at two survey sites in FY2004, though the values were below a detection limit. The substance has been detected since FY2002—at one of the 14 survey sites (FY2002), at seven of the 14 survey sites (FY2003), at two of the 14 survey sites(FY2004)—and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence in birds because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002. In FY2003 the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, while the survey results in FY2004 showed no differences between the warm season and the cold season. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. Dieldrin

Surface water: The persistent concentrations of the substance were below a detection limit (about 10,000 pg/L) from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (about 1,000 pg/g-dry) from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish and fish: Persistent concentration of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence in birds because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. Endrin

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Surface water and bottom sediment: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The substance has have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish: The persistent concentrations of the substance were monitored at some specific areas from FY1978 to FY1993, but no monitoring surveys were conducted between FY1994 and FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (about 1,000 pg/g-wet) from FY1978 to FY1993, but no monitoring surveys were conducted between FY1994 and FY2001. In FY2004, the substance was detected in 57 of the 70 samples from 13 of the 14 survey sites. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Since aldrin, dieldrin and endrin are substances specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. (4) DDTs p,p’-DDT

Surface water: The persistent concentrations of the substance were below a detection limit (10,000 pg/L) from FY1986 to FY2001, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistent concentrations of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1990 to FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish: Persistent concentration of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY1981. The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) in FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: Persistent concentration of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

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Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD

Surface water: During the period from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001, p,p’-DDE was detected at only one survey site in FY1987, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of their persistence through the whole survey period. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Both the substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistent concentrations of both the substances showed a decreasing tendency from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Both the substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish: The persistence of p,p’-DDE showed no changes from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to recent years. The persistence of p,p’-DDD showed a mild decreasing tendency at the beginning of the survey, but leveled off in FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of their persistence from detection frequency and detection number, both the substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: The persistence of p,p’-DDE showed no changes from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistence of p,p’-DDD showed a mild decreasing tendency from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of their persistence from detection frequency and detection number, both the substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of their persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, their persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of both the substances has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of both the substances in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. Both the substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. o,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDD

Surface water and bottom sediment: The persistence of the substances has been monitored since FY2002. The three substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004.

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The three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish: The persistence of each substance showed no changes from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The three substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Fish: The persistence of o,p’-DDT showed a mild decreasing tendency from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. On the other hand, the persistence of the others showed no changes from FY1978, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001, mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet). The three substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of their persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of their persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, their persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the three substances has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the three substances in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Since DDTs are substances specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. (5) Chlordanes trans-chlordane

Surface water: During the period from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001, the substance was detected only twice, in one sample each in FY1987 and FY1993, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistence of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistent concentrations were mostly around a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-dry) in FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish and fish: The persistence of the substance showed a mild decreasing tendency from FY1983, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistent concentrations were mostly around a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) in FY2001, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

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Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. cis-chlordane

Surface water: The persistent concentrations of the substance were mostly below a detection limit (10,000 pg/L) from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence through the whole survey period. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistence of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistent concentrations were mostly around a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-dry) in FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish and fish: The persistence of the substance showed a decreasing tendency from FY1983, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistent concentrations were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) in FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, its persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substance has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the substance in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. trans-nanochlor, cis-nanochlor and oxychlordane

Surface water: The persistent concentrations of trans-nanochlor and cis-nanochlor were mostly below a detection limit (10,000 pg/L) from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistent concentrations of oxychlordane were below a detection limit (10,000 pg/L) until FY1987, and no monitoring surveys were conducted between FY1988 and FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Higher detection limits were used in FY2001 and earlier, and no monitoring surveys were conducted on oxychlordane between FY1988 and FY2001. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of their persistence,

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the three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistence of trans-nanochlor and cis-nanochlor showed a decreasing tendency from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. The persistent concentrations were mostly around the detection limit (1,000 pg/g-dry) in FY2001. The persistent concentrations of oxychlordane were below a detection limit (10,000 pg/L) until FY1987, and no monitoring surveys were conducted between FY1988 and FY2001. In FY2004, trans-nanochlor and cis-nanochlor were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites, and oxychlordane was detected in 129 of 189 samples from 54 of 63 sites. Higher detection limits were used in FY2001 and earlier, and no monitoring surveys were conducted on oxychlordane between FY1988 and FY2001. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence, the three substances have been detected virtually in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish and fish: The persistence of the three substances showed a mild decreasing tendency from FY1983, the beginning of the survey, to FY2001. As for oxychlordane, the persistent concentrations were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) in FY2001. The substance was detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of their persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: Although it is difficult to grasp the tendency of their persistence because of the change of survey areas, in addition to the fact that only two areas were surveyed, their persistence is still recognized.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the three substances has been monitored since FY2002. The persistent concentrations of the three substances in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in FY2002 and in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. The three substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

Since chlordanes are substances specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. (6) Heptachlors

Monitoring has been carried out since FY2002 to investigate heptachlors persisting in each of all the media. Their persistence is recognized according to the results of the FY2004 monitoring described as follows: as for surface water, the substances were detected at nine of the 38 survey sites; as for bottom sediment, the substances were detected at 53 of the 63 survey sites; for shellfish, the substances were detected at 11 of the 14 survey sites; and for birds, the substances were detected at one of the two survey sites. As for atmospheric air, the substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites, and their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Monitoring has been carried out since FY2002 to investigate trans- and cis-heptachlor epoxides persisting in each of all the media. Trans-heptachlor epoxide has been detected in the media, except birds, from some survey sites, and its persistence is recognized. Cis-heptachlor epoxide has been detected in all the samples of surface water, wildlife and atmospheric air from all the survey sites, as well as in most of the samples of bottom sediment from nearly all the survey sites, and its persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Since heptachlors are substances specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. (7) Toxaphenes

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Monitoring has been carried out since FY2003 to investigate toxaphenes persisting in each of all the media. They have been detected in samples from many survey sites: Parlar-26 has been detected in wildlife (shellfish, fish and birds), Parlar-50 in wildlife (shellfish, fish and birds), and Parlar-62 in wildlife (fish and birds). Their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

As for birds, none of the three substances was detected in samples (starling) from a suburb of Morioka City, while all of them were detected in samples (black-tailed gull) from Kabushima. The persistence of toxaphens in birds is believed to be attributable to their prey and habitat because Japan has never produced or imported toxaphens.

Since toxaphenes are substances specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. (8) Mirex

Monitoring has been carried out since FY2003 to investigate mirex persisting in each of all the media. Japan has never produced or imported mirex. In FY2003 and FY2004, however, it was detected in all the samples of wildlife (shellfish, fish, and birds) and atmospheric air from all the survey sites, as well as in samples of surface water and bottom sediment from half of the survey sites. Their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Since mirex is a substance specified in the POPs Treaty, and also from the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace its fate. (9) HCHs

Surface water: The persistence of both α-HCH and β-HCH in surface water showed a decreasing tendency from FY1986, the beginning of the survey, and the persistent concentrations were below a detection limit (10,000 pg/L) at any of the survey sites from FY1994 to FY2001. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Both the substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

The persistent concentrations of both γ-HCH and δ-HCH in surface were below detection limits (100,000 pg/L for both). However, the substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004 as well as in FY2003, and their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Bottom sediment: The persistence of both α-HCH and β-HCH in bottom sediment shows great fluctuations in data obtained in FY2001 and earlier. The substances were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. The substances have been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and their persistence is still recognized in widespread areas.

The persistent concentrations of γ-HCH and δ-HCH in bottom sediment were around detection limits (10,000 pg/g-dry both) in the Environmental Survey of Chemical Substance in FY1974. The substances were detected in most of the samples from nearly all the survey sites in FY2003 and in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Shellfish and fish: The persistence of HCHs showed a decreasing tendency in 1980’s, and the persistent concentrations of the substances were mostly below a detection limit (1,000 pg/g-wet) in FY2001. The values of γ-HCH and δ-HCH, especially, were continuously below a detection limit in any of the samples, so no monitoring surveys were conducted on γ-HCH between FY1996 and FY2001 or on δ-HCH between FY1992 and FY2001. α-HCH and β-HCH were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004. Changes were made to survey sites and survey species in FY2002, and surveys have been using detection limits that are nearly 1/1000 as low as those used in FY2001 and earlier, resulting in great increases in detection number. Although for these reasons it is difficult to grasp the recent tendency of its persistence from detection frequency and detection number, the substance has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites since FY2002, and its persistence is still recognized in widespread areas. γ-HCH and δ-HCH were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004 as well as in FY2003, and their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Birds: α-HCH and β-HCH were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004, and their persistence is still recognized. No monitoring surveys were conducted on γ-HCH between FY1996 and FY2001 or on δ-HCH between FY1992 and FY2001, for the same reason as described in

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“shellfish and fish” above. γ-HCH and δ-HCH were detected in all the samples from all the survey sites in FY2004 as well as in FY2003, and their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

Atmospheric air: The persistence of the substances has been monitored since as recently as FY2003, and therefore it is difficult to grasp the tendency of the persistence of the substances. The persistent concentrations of the substances in the warm season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the warm season of FY2003, while the values in the cold season of FY2004 were comparable to those in the cold season of FY2003. In FY2004, the values were higher in warm season than in cold season, as also seen in FY2003, showing differences in persistent concentrations depending on survey seasons and meteorological conditions. Each of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH has been detected in all the samples from all the survey sites, and their persistence is recognized in widespread areas.

HCHs, except γ-HCH, are believed to have great persistence, and may be selected as candidate substances for the POPs Treaty. From the standpoint of global pollution monitoring, too, it is necessary to continue the monitoring to trace their fate. (10) Hexabromobenzene (HBB)

Surface water: In the surveys conducted in FY1977, FY1981 and FY1982, the persistent concentrations of the substance were below detection limits (40-500 ng/L in FY1977, 10-100 ng/L in FY1981, 50 ng/L in FY1982). In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 6.4 ng/L, the substance was not detected at any of the survey sites. In the FY2004 survey conducted with a lower quantification limit of 2.0 ng/L and a lower detection limit of 0.6 ng/L, the substance was not detected.

Bottom sediment: In the FY1977 survey, the persistent concentrations of the substance were below detection limits (10-170 ng/g-dry). In the FY1981 survey conducted with detection limits of 0.5-2.5 ng/g-dry, the substance was detected at three of the 18 survey sites with a detection range between 2.2-6.9 ng/g-dry. In the FY1982 survey conducted with detection limits of 0.9-5 ng/g-dry, the substance was detected at three of the 126 survey sites with a detection range between 3.1-4.3 ng/g-dry. In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 4.8 ng/g-dry, the substance was detected at two of the 11 survey sites with a detection range between 8.4-43 ng/g-dry. In the FY2004 survey conducted with a lower quantification limit of 2.7 ng/g-dry and a lower detection limit of 0.9 ng/g-dry, the substance was detected at 13 of the 63 survey sites with a detection range between ND and 34 ng/g-dry.

Fish: In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 3,200 ng/g-wet, the substance was not detected. In the FY2004 survey conducted with a quantification limit of 0.3 ng/g-wet and a detection limit of 0.1 ng/g-wet, the substance was detected at one of the seven survey sites with a detection range between ND and TR (0.12) ng/g-wet. The substance was not detected in shellfish or birds.

Atmospheric air: In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 30 pg/m3, the substance was detected at eight of the 11 survey sites with a detection range between 31 and 100 pg/m3. In the FY2004 survey conducted with a quantification limit of 29 pg/m3 and a detection limit of 9.7 pg/m3, the substance was detected at 27 of the 37 survey sites in the warm season with a detection range between ND and 610 pg/m3, and in 29 of the 37 samples in the cold season with a detection range between ND and 380 pg/m3.

Since FY2000, no monitoring surveys have been conducted on HBB persisting in each of all the

media. Although for this reason it is difficult to grasp the tendency of its persistence, it seems that HBB is detected more frequently in bottom sediment and atmospheric air than in wildlife including fish. (11) Organotin compounds (dioctyltin compounds [DOT])

Surface water: The persistent concentrations of the substances were below detection limits (0.5-1 μg/L) in FY1984. In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 5.9 ng/L, the substances were detected at two of the 49 survey sites with a detection range between 7.3-72 ng/L. In the 2004 survey conducted with a quantitation limit of 5.5μg/L and a detection limit of 1.9 ng/L, the substances were not detected at any of the 38 survey sites.

Bottom sediment: The persistent concentrations of the substances were below a detection limit (30-140 ng/g-dry) in FY1984. In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 10 ng/g-dry,

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the substances were detected at 13 of the 49 survey sites with a detection range between 11-100 ng/g-dry. In the FY2004 survey conducted with a quantification limit of 6.0 ng/g-dry and a detection limit of 2.0 ng/g-dry, the substances were detected at 33 of the 63 survey sites with a detection range between ND and 88 pg/g-dry.

Fish: In the FY2000 survey conducted with a detection limit of 0.64 ng/g-wet, the substances were detected at 12 of the 39 survey sites with a detection range between ND and 6.5 ng/g-wet. In the FY 2004 survey conducted with a quantitation limit of 3 ng/g-wet and a detection limit of 1 ng/g-wet, the substances were detected at one of the seven survey sites with a detection range between ND and TR (2.5) ng/g-wet.

This survey detected DOT less frequently in surface water and fish and more frequently in bottom sediment. (12) Survey of Preserved Samples

The outline of the surveillance results for preserved samples conducted in FY2004 were shown as follows.

The preserved samples which were collected and analyzed at the Environmental Survey and Monioring Chemicals conducted in the past stored under freezing for the long-term preservation were utilized as the target survey samples.

Specifically, the sea bass captured at Tokyo Bay for the survey in FY1994, FY1995 and FY1997 to FY2001, at Osaka Bay for the survey in FY1994 and FY2001, and the hard-shell mussel captured at Tokushima Prefecture for the survey in FY1993 were used. The target samples whose PCBs concentrations gave median values were selected among five groups in each fiscal year, then analyses were conducted.

These samples in which the target substances were not detected at the time of collection were re-analyzed by high sensitivity method introduced from FY2002, and the actual concentration levels for most of each target compound were revealed. And the information of concentration levels of toxaphenes and mirex, which have not been registerd as agricultural chemicals in Japan and whose concentration levels have not been estimated, were acquired.

The POPs concentrations in the sea bass collected to Tokyo Bay were not changed so much in the past ten years. And the apparent tendencies of annual variations were hardly found.

The character of composition of POPs in the wildlife samples at each sampling area were revealed by the survey conducted from FY2002, for example, relatively high concentration of o,p’-DDE among DDTs in sea bass collected at Tokyo Bay, high contribution of β-HCH concentration among HCHs in sea bass collected at Osaka Bay, and relatively high concentration of cis-chlordane among chlordanes in hard-shell mussel collected at Tokushima Prefecture. And these characters were observed in the samples which were collected ten years ago, then these were considered as the feature of each sampling area.

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