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Substituting fossil with renewable resourcesMost of the fossil energy can in principle be replaced with renewableenergyEnergy source Coal Oil Natural gas% not easily replaced with current technologies
20 % of total coal use
(6 % of total energy use)
43 % of total oil use
(14 % of total energy use)
16 % of total NG use
(3 % of total energy use)
Energy EJ (Mtoe) 33 (777) 78 (1863) 19 (454)
2%non-energy use
feedstock
14%non-energy use
feedstock
18%industry
3%industry
10%industry
26%transport
6%non-energy use
feedstock3
Fuel Cell and Electrolyser
½O2
H2
½O2
H2O + 2e- → H2 + O2-
O2-
O2- → 2e- +½O2
H2 + O2- → H2O + 2e-
O2-
½O2 + 2e- → O2-
SOFC SOECH2O H2H2O
H2 + CO + O2 H2O + CO2 + electric energy (∆G) + heat (T∆S)SOFC
5 SOEC
• 50 kW SOEC unit for steam electrolysis• Catalytic methanisation• The CO2 in the biogas is upgraded to pure
methane with pipeline quality.• High Exergy Efficiency of 80%
Biogas upgrading demonstration unitOperating in Foulum, Denmark
CH4 + CO2 + 3H2O + El 2CH4 +H2O +2O2
8