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Chemical reactions
Time to add the last major player before the big show!!!
Parts of a reaction
• Reactants → products
I’m the starting
materials.
I’m the new thing after the reaction.
I’m the arrow
showing a reaction is
taking place.
Time to define…
• Chemical reaction: any situation where a chemical change occurs making something new.
• Breaking bonds:• Making bonds:• Which one do you think usually takes energy
to do?• Which one then releases energy???• yarp
And how do we make/break bonds?
• Collision theory: molecules/atoms must be moving fast enough (enough energy) to collide to make and break bonds.
• If particles are not moving fast enough, they just bounce off each other…
• yarp
Reaction types…
The pain I go through to teach…
5 reaction types…
• CompositionJ + S → JS
• DecompositionJS → J + S
• Single replacementMS + K → MK + S
• yarp
• Double replacementAB + CD → AD + CB
• CombustionCarbon source + O2 → CO2 + H2O
• yarp
Dissection of chemical reactions
The long road to glory!!!!
The list of what we shall do• 1. identify signs of a chemical reaction and
their significance• 2. determine reactants• 3. predict products• 4. Balance reactions• 5. write it as…– Words– Formulas– Drawn models
First balancing happy!!!!• Rules to balancing equations• 1. write the formulas of the reactants AND
products– MUST follow charge rules for ions!!!!
• 2. count the # of each element for the reactants
• 3. count the # of each element for the products
• Yarp that
• 4. add coefficients to the LEFT of the compound to balance elements one at a time
• 5. do this for each element– Repeat until everything is balanced!!!!!
• Sweet table… yarp
atom/element Reactants products
practice
• Silver nitrate reacts with Iron (III) chloride to produce silver chloride and iron (III) nitrate
atom/element Reactants products
• Sodium metal reacts with water to make sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
One last practice to see what we are getting into!!!!
atom/element Reactants products
Time to take the long road home
YOU WILL BE NEEDING 5 COLORED PENCILS, MARKERS, CRAYONS TO
SURVIVE!!!!!
Station 1 heating steel wool• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 1 reaction breakdown
Station 2 lead (II) nitrate & sodium iodide• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 2 reaction breakdown
Station 3 heating copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 3 reaction breakdown
Station 4 sodium chloride and potassium nitrate• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 4 reaction breakdown
Station 6 calcium and hydrochloric acid• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 6 reaction breakdown
Station 7 burning methanol• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 7 reaction breakdown
Station 5 homemade alkaseltzer• Data and observations… what did you see?
What are the signs of a reaction?
Station 5 reaction breakdown
More station 5 if need be….
More station 5 more??? Man is this beefy!!!
We be done
• Done… done for now… now done… all done
More reaction prediction
Some cool extra tools to get the job done!!!!
Open the grid separately!!!
Acetate Bromide
Carbonate
Chloride
Hydroxide
Iodide Nitrate Oxide Phosphate
Sulfate sulfide
Aluminum S S -- S I S S I I S d
Ammonium S S S S S S S -- S S S
Barium S S I S sS S S S I I d
Calcium S S I S sS S S S I sS I
Copper (II) S S -- S I S S I I S I
Iron (II) S S I S I S S I I S I
Iron (III) S S -- S I S S I I sS d
Lead (II) S I I I I I S I I I I
Lithium S S sS S S S S S sS S S
Magnesium S S I S I S S I I S d
Potassium S S S S S S S S S S S
Silver sS I I I -- I S I I sS I
Sodium S S S S S S S S S S S
Strontium S S I S sS S S S I I I
Zinc S S I S I S S I I S I
Let us try it out!!!!
• Lithium hydroxide + magnesium bromide
• Sodium chloride + zinc nitrate
• Potassium bromide + copper (II) hydroxide
Activity series…
The sweet metal lab opens us to the last section… nice
Open grid AND activity series separate
Lab…• Rank the metals• Go over the lab.
Element
Li
K
Ba
Ca
Na
Mg
AlZnFe
Ni
Sn
Pb
Cu
Hg
Ag
Au
Decreasing activity
Try em…• Add aluminum to copper (II) chloride solution
• Add iron to sodium hydroxide solution
• Add iron to silver nitrate solution
• Calcium acetate solution reacts with potassium carbonate
Ooohhh… make me something• I want to make strontium phosphate. What
two reactants should I choose for a double replacement reaction???
How do we get to Carnegie hall?
• Practice…• Practice…• Practice!!!
• We be done…