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Chemical Reactions. Text Reference: 8.2 (pg. 256 - 264). . C. C. +. O. O. O. O. Types: Synthesis. Example C + O 2. General: A + B AB. . +. Na. Na. Cl. Cl. Types: Decomposition. Example: NaCl. General: AB A + B. +. +. . Cl. Cl. Cl. Cl. Zn. Zn. Cu. Cu. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chemical Reactions
Text Reference: 8.2 (pg. 256 - 264)
Types: Synthesis
Example C + O2
OO C + O O C
General: A + B AB
Types: Decomposition
Example: NaCl
General: AB A + B
Cl Na Cl + Na
Types: Single Replacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
ZnClCl Cu +
General: AB + C AC + B
ClCl Zn Cu+
Types: Double Replacement
Example: MgO + CaS
General: AB + CD AD + CB
SOMg Ca
+O S
Mg Ca+
Types: Combustion
• CHO + O2 CO2 + H2O
• CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
• CH3OH + O2 CO2 + H2O
• Reactants: always oxygen with another compound that contains hydrogen and carbon
• Products: always CO2 + H2O
The Activity Series
Text Reference: 8.3 (pg. 265 - 267)
We have looked at several reactions:Fe + CuSO4 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3
Li + H2O LiOH + H2
•The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals.•It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single replacement reactions when mixed.•Metals near the top are most reactive and will replace metals near the bottom.
KNaLiCaMgAlZnFeNiSnPbH
CuHgAgAu
Q: Which of these will react?Fe + CuSO4
Ni + NaCl
Li + ZnCO3
Al + CuCl2
Cu + Fe2(SO4)3
Yes, Fe is above Cu
NR (no reaction)
No, Ni is below Na
Zn + Li2CO3
Cu + AlCl3
Yes, Al is above Cu
KNaLiCaMgAlZnFeNiSnPbH
CuHgAgAu
Yes, Li is above Zn
The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: will Mg react with H2O?
KNaLiCaMgAlZnFeNiSnPbH
CuHgAgAu
cold H2O
hot H2O
steam
acid
NR
A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steamMg + H2O
H2 + ZnCl2
Complete these reactions:Al + H2O(steam) Cu + H2O Na + H2O
H2 + Mg(OH)2
H2 + Al(OH)3
H2 + NaOH
Q: Zn + HCl
• All metals will have a specific place in the activity series. For simplicity, only the most common metals are shown.
• The metals near the top of the activity series are more reactive because their valence electrons are more easily removed.
Other Activity Series Information
Mg Cu Zn
Mg + AgNO3
Ag+ Mg(NO3)2
NR
NR
Cu + AgNO3
Ag+ Cu(NO3)2
Zn + AgNO3
Ag+ Zn(NO3)2
AgN
O3
Fe(N
O3 )
3C
uCl2
Mg+ Fe(NO3)3
Fe+ Mg(NO3)2
Zn+ Fe(NO3)3
Fe+ Zn(NO3)2
Mg + CuCl2
Cu + MgCl2
Zn + CuCl2
Cu + ZnCl2
Homework
• P. 264 #1-3
• P. 267 #1-3