Chemical Quantities Lecture

8/9/2019 Chemical Quantities Lecture

1/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

THE MOLE CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATIONS


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

OBJECTIVES1. STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND AND KNOW

THE DEFINITIONS OF THE MOLE AND AVOGADROS NUMBER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND MASS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND PARTICLES

CALCULATE THE FORMULA MASS OF A COMPOUNDGIVEN THE PERIODIC TABLE

CALCULATE THE MASS PERCENT COMPOSITION OF

A COMPOUND GIVEN THE FORMULA, FORMULAMASS, AND PERIODIC TABLE.


3/79

DRILL & OBJECTIVES

1. How ma! "##$ a%" &'"%" ( a )o*"+

1. I I -o#'& / )o*" "##$, 'ow ma! "##$ )o I 'a0"+

. W'a& a%" $om" wa!$ &'a& !o 2a m"a$%" &'(#$+ 3$2'a$ &'" amo& o a $-$&a2"4

OBJECTIVES1. STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND AND KNOW

THE DEFINITIONS OF THE MOLE AND AVOGADROS NUMBER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND MASS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLES AND PARTICLES

CALCULATE THE FORMULA MASS OF A COMPOUND GIVEN THEPERIODIC TABLE

CALCULATE THE MASS PERCENT COMPOSITION OF A COMPOUNDGIVEN THE FORMULA, FORMULA MASS, AND PERIODIC TABLE.


4/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! "##$ a%" &'"%" ( a )o*"+

15


5/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! %o$"$ a%" &'"%" ( a )o*" %o$"$+

15


6/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

Do"$ (& ma&&"% w'a& &'" 6666666666666 ($+


7/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

Do"$ (& ma&&"% w'a& &'" 6666666666666 ($+ NO5 A Do*" ($ a )o*"5 No ma&&"% ( (&$ 7ow"%$,

"##$, -a#"8$, "2&.

I& %"9%"$"&$ a m-"% o 6666666


8/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

I C'"m($&%! &'" $am" 2o2"9& ($ 0a8(), L"&$ &a8: a-o& ;T'" Mo8"< a) 'ow (& %"8a&"$

&o C'"m($&%!=


9/79

THE MOLE?


10/79

The Mole?


11/79

THE MOLE?

;T'" Mo8"< o% ;A Mo8"< ($ a amo& o a$-$&a2"T'"%" a%" 6.02 x1023a&om$ 3%"9%"$"&a&(0"

9a%&(28"$ o a $-$&a2"4 ( 1 Mo8" 3o &'a&$-$&a2"4.

T'($ m-"% 3>.? @1?/4 ($ 2a88") A0o#a)%o$m-"% Nam") a&"% Am")"o A0o#a)%o )( a%"#a 31>

1>4, a I&a8(a $2("&($&.


12/79

THE MOLE!

L"&$ 9& &'($ (&o 9"%$9"2&(0" How m2' ($ 1 mo8 o a $-$&a2"+

>.?/ @ 1?/55


13/79

THE MOLE!

IF !o 'a) >.? 1?/

Wa&"%m"8o S"")$=


14/79

THE MOLE!

IF !o 'a) >.? 1?/

Wa&"%m"8o S"")$= (& wo8) -" o) ($()" a wa&"%m"8o $8(#'&8!

8a%#"% &'a &'" moo5


15/79

THE MOLE!

I !o 'a) >.? 1?/

G%a($ o Sa)=


16/79

THE MOLE!

IF !o 'a) >.? 1?/

G%a($ o Sa)=(& wo8) -" mo%" &'a ALL &'" $a) o M(am(B"a2'.


17/79

THE MOLE?

A mo8" ($ &'" amo& o $-$&a2" o%%"9%"$"&a&(0" 9a%&(28"$ o a! $-$&a2".

T'"%"o%", a$ w" 'a0" $& $"" 1 mo8 o N&'"%" a%" >.?@1?

/MOLECULES of

N2 1 mo8 o C1HO11'a$ 'ow ma! mo8"28"$+>.?@1?/2a -" $") o% ;a&om$< ( &'"! a%" &'"$am" "8"m"&

OR

I& 2a -" $") o% ;mo8"28"$< o% ma! "8"m"&$&'a& a%" &o#"&'"%, 0(a 2om9o)$.


18/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! mo8"$ o Ma#"$(m ($/.?1@1?11a&om$ o ma#"$(m+

S&"9 1 W'a& )o w" :ow+

W" :ow &'a& &'"%" a%" /.?1@1?a&om$

o M#

S&"9 W'a& )o w" wa&:ow+ W" wa& &o :ow &'" m-"% o mo8"$

o M#

S&"9 / W'a& )o w" :ow &'a& 2a -" $") o% &'"$"2o0"%$(o$+W" :ow &'a& &'"%" a%" >.?@1?/a&om$ ( 1

mo8

S&"9 So80" &'" 9%o-8"m


19/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! mo8"$ o Ma#"$(m ($/.?1@1?11a&om$ o ma#"$(m+

/.?1@1?a&om$

M#

1 mo8M#

>.?@1?/a&om$ oM#

.??@1?mo8 M#


20/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

I)(0()a8 P%o-8"m$ How ma! mo8"$ a%" 1.?@1?a&om$ o9'o$9'o%$+

How ma! a&om$ a%" ( ?.? mo8 o (2+

How ma! mo8"28"$ a%" &'"%" ( mo8 o#82o$", C>H1O>+

How ma! mo8"28"$ a%" &'"%" ( ?. mo8 NO


21/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

Now &'"%" ($ a )("%"2" -"&w"" a$:(# 'owma! a&om$ a%" &'"%" ( &'" "&(%" 2om9o)a) 'ow ma! a&om$ o o" o &'" 2om9o)&'"%" a%".

W" $a() &'a& &'"%" a%" &'" $am" m-"% o%a&om$ ( a 2om9o) o% a )(a&om(2 mo8"28".How"0"%, &'"%" ($ a )("%"2" -"&w"" &'"$""$&(o$=

How ma! a&om$ a%" &'"%" ( a8m(m7o%()"+

VS.

How ma! 7o%()" (o$ a%" &'"%" ( a8m(m

7o%()"+


22/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

So 8"&$ a$w"% &'" "$&(o. How ma! 7o%()" (o$ a%" &'"%" ( 1.> mo8 oa8m(m 7o%()"+

I w" o88ow &'" o% $&"9$ &'a& w" w"& &'%o#'9%(o%


23/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! 7o%()" (o$ a%" &'"%" ( 1.> mo8 oa8m(m 7o%()"+

S&"9 1 W'a& )o w" :ow+

W" :ow &'a& &'"%" a%" 1.> mo8 o a8m(m

7o%()"S&"9 W'a& )o w" wa&:ow+ W" wa& &o :ow &'" m-"% o F

S&"9 / W'a& )o w" :ow &'a& 2a -" $") o% &'"$"2o0"%$(o$+W" :ow &'a& &'"%" a%" >.?@1?/a&om$ ( 1

mo8BUT ($ &'a& "o#' (o%ma&(o++NO5


24/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES


W" wa& &o :ow &'" m-"% o F

B& 'ow 2a w" ) o& &'" m-"% o

7o%()" (o$ w" 'a0" %om w'a& ($ #(0"+W" 2a #"& &'" (o%ma&(o w" "") -!w%(&(# o& &'" 2'"m(2a8 o%m8a o &'"2om9o).

A8F/


25/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

1.> mo8A8F

/

1 mo8A8F/

>.?@1?/Fo%m8a (&$o A8F/


1 o%m8a (&A8F/

/ F(o$ >./>> @ 1?/F (o$


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INDIVIDUAL WORK

How ma! ammo(m (o$ a%" ( ?.?/> mo8ammo(m 9'o$9'a&", 3NH4/PO+


27/79

DRILL

W'a& ($ A0o#a)%o$ m-"%+

How ma! 9a%&(28"$ a%" &'"%" ( 1 mo8 o a$-$&a2"+

How ma! a&om$ a%" &'"%" ( 1. mo8 o Na+


28/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

THE GRAM FORMULA MASS


29/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

C'"m($&$ 'a0" )"") &'" gram atomicmass a$ &'" m-"% o #%am$ o a "8"m"&&'a& ($ m"%(2a88! "a8 &o &'" a&om(2 ma$$( am

T'" G%am a&om(2 ma$$ ($ &'" ma$$ o o" mo8" oa&om$ o a moa&om(2 "8"m"&

T'($ 2a a8$o -" )"$2%(-") a$ MOLAR MASS (98a2" o #%am o%m8a ma$$ &o %""% &o &'" ma$$ oa mo8" o a! "8"m"& o% 2om9o).

I w(88 -" $(# &'" &"%m Mo8a% Ma$$ mo%"%""&8!


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

A&om(2 Ma$$Nm-"%


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIEST'($ m-"% &"88$ !o 'ow ma!

#%am$ o &'($ "8"m"& &'"%" a%" ( 1mo8 o &'" "8"m"&

T'"%"o%",&'"%" a%" . #%am$Qmo8 o T(

O% &'"%" a%" . #%am$ o T( IN 1 mo8 oT(


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIESB C N O F

1?.11# 1.?1?# 1.??># 1.# 1.#

T'" mo8a% ma$$ (#%am$Qmo8


33/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

o 2a 2a828a&" &'" &o&a8 mo8"28a% w"(#'& oa mo8"28" -! a))(# 9 &'" mo8a% ma$$"$ o"a2' "8"m"&.

T'" mo8a% ma$$ o &'" mo8"28" SO($ "a8

&o S /.?> #Qmo8 @ 1 S /.?> #Qmo8

O 1. #Qmo8 @ O >/.> #Qmo8

SO >.?>> #Qmo8

I w(88 $9"2(! &'" amo& o $(#(2a& #%"$"")") ( !o% a$w"%


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INDIVIDUAL WORK

W'a& ($ &'" mo8a% ma$$ o &'" o88ow(#2om9o)$+

REMEMBER OUR UNITS5

1. PC8/

. So)(m Ca%-oa&"/. CH1

. A8m(m S8a&"

. 3NH4CO/


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

W'! ($ &'($ (m9o%&a&+ T'($ ($ (m9o%&a& -"2a$" (& w(88 a88ow $ &o 2o0"%&%om mo8"$ &o #%am$ a) #%am$ &o mo8"$, a88ow(#o% a&(&a&(0" "@9"%(m"&a&(o.

L"&$ )o a 2a828a&(o=

How ma! #%am$ a%" ( .? mo8 o )((&%o#"&%(o@()"+


36/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! #%am$ a%" ( .? mo8 o )((&%o#"&%(o@()"+

S&"9 1 a)) 9 &'" &o&a8 mo8a% ma$$ o &'"2om9o)

I (& ($ ( wo%) o%m, w%(&" &'" 2'"m(2a8 o%m8a S&"9 S"& 9 &'" 9%o9"% 2o0"%$(o a2&o%$

S&"9 / So80"


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! #%am$ a%" ( .? mo8 o )((&%o#" &%(o@()"+

S&"9 1 a)) 9 &'" &o&a8 mo8a% ma$$ o &'" 2om9o) I (& ($ ( wo%) o%m, w%(&" &'" 2'"m(2a8 o%m8a

NO/

N 1.? #Qmo8 @ N .? #Qmo8O 1>.? #Qmo8 @ / O .? #Qmo8

NO/ >.? #Qmo8


38/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How ma! #%am$ a%" ( .? mo8 o )((&%o#" &%(o@()"+

S&"9 S"& 9 &'" 9%o9"% 2o0"%$(o a2&o%$

S&"9 / So80"

7.20molN2O

3x

76.0gN2O3

1.00molN2O

3

= 547.2gN2O

3


39/79

INDIVIDUAL WORK

F() &'" ma$$ o &'" o88ow(#

1. /./ mo8 K

. .? mo8 Ca3NO/4

/. .@1?/mo8 KCO/

F() &'" m-"% mo8"$ o &'" o88ow(#

1. ?.???># L(HPO

. # 3NH

4

CO/

/. 1# 2a82(m (&%a&"


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EXIT TICKET

Do"$ ./ # o M 'a0" &'" $am" m-"%o mo8"$ a$ &'a& o 11.11 # o C)+ E@98a(w'! o% w'! o&.


41/79

DRILL

W'a& ($ A0o#a)%o$ m-"%+

How ma! mo8"$ a%" &'"%" ( :# oCHCOOH+

Do"$ ./ # o M 'a0" &'" $am" m-"%o mo8"$ a$ &'a& o 11.11 # o C)+ E@98a(w'! o% w'! o&.


42/79

Group Work

F() &'" ma$$ 3#4 o &'" o88ow(#

1. 1?.? mo8 C%

. .?@1?/mo8 S

/. ?.? mo8 B"

. .? mo8 N

. .@1?/mo8 C?H

>. ?.?11 mo8 Po&a$$(m Ca%-oa&"

1. F() &'" m-"% o mo8"$ o &'" o88ow(#

1. .? # A%

. /.?@1?1 # B/. /// # T( 3II4 F8o%()"

. .1@1?# H"

. . # T(O


43/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

THE VOLUME OF A MOLE OF GAS


44/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

How wo8) w" m"a$%" &'" amo& o mo8"$( a #a$+


45/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

T'" 0o8m" o a #a$ ($ $a88! m"a$%") a&STP 3S&a)a%) T"m9"%a&%" a) P%"$$%"4 STP 2o)(&(o$T"m9"%a&%"

?C P%"$$%"1 a&mo$9'"%" 3a&m4


46/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

A& STP 2o)(&(o$

1 mo8 o AN#a$ o229("$ a 0o8m" o .L(&"%$ 3L4

. L(&"%$ o a #a$ Q 1 mo8 o &'" #a$. L o a #a$ 2o&a($ >.? @ 1?/%"9%"$"&a&(0" 9a%&(28"$ o &'a& #a$

T'($ ($ :ow a$ &'" mo!ar "o!#m$ of a gas


47/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

W'a& w"%" &'" (&$ o &'" mo8a% 0o8m" o a#a$+L(&"%$

W'a& :() o (& ($8(&"%$+

VOLUMET'"%"o%", 1 mo8 o a! #a$ o229("$ &'"$am" "o!#m$o&mass


48/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

H"

N"

CO

. L H">.? @ 1?/mo8"28"$ o H"#

. L N>.? @ 1?/mo8"28"$ o N# o N

. L CO>.? @ 1?/mo8"28"$ o CO

# o CO


49/79

INDIVIDUAL WORK

W'a& ($ &'" 0o8m" a& STP o &'"$" #a$"$+

.? mo8 O

/.? @ 1?mo8 CO

A$$m(# STP 2o)(&(o$, 'ow ma! mo8"$ a%"

&'"%" ( &'"$" 0o8m"$

.> L SO

.@1? N


50/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

B"2a$" &'" mo8a% 0o8m" o a #a$ ($ aVOLUME, w" 2a %"8a&" )"$(&! 3ma$$ o0"%0o8m"4 o a #a$ &o )"&"%m(" &'" ma$$ o &'"#a$.

I w" 'a0" a #a$ &'a& 'a$ a )"$(&! o 1.> #QLw" 2a m8&(98! &'" )"$(&! w(&' &'" mo8a%0o8m" o a #a$ 3. L4 &o 2a828a&" &'" ma$$

o &'" #a$.1.> @ . L .?#

g

L


51/79

GROUP WORK

T'" )"$(&("$ o #a$"$ A, B, C a%" 1. #QL,.> #QL, a) ?.1 #QL, %"$9"2&(0"8!.

Ca828a&" &'" mo8a% ma$$ o "a2' o &'"$"

$-$&a2"$ a)2om9a%" &'"m &o &'" mo8a% ma$$ o ammo(a,

$8%

)(o@()", 2'8o%(", (&%o#", a) m"&'a"

I)"&(! &'" #a$$"$ A, B, C


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES


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HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

COP THEM DOWN5

1. Ca828a&" &'" 0o8m" o "a2' o &'"$" #a$"$ a&STP

1. .> mo8 H"

. . mo8 N

. How ma! mo8"$ ($ "a2' o &'" o88ow(#,a$$m(# STP

1. 56.o L NO

2. 0.224 LO

/. F() "a2' o &'" o88ow(# a&(&("$

1. T'" ma$$ o 1.?L o CH3STP4

. T'" 0o8m" ( 8(&"%, o / # o SO/3STP4


54/79

DRILL

W'a& a%" STANDARD 2o)(&(o$+

How ma! 8(&"%$ a%" &'"%" ( 1 mo8 o #a$+ Do"$ (& ma&&"% w'(2' #a$ (& ($+ W'! o% w'! o&+


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

PERCENT COMPOSITION

CHEMICALQUANTITIES-%


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES %

COMPOSITION

Ca828a&(# P"%2"& Com9o$(&(o

P"%2"& Com9o$(&(oT'" 9"%2"& -! ma$$ o "a2' "8"m"& ( a 2om9o)

T'"! m$& a)) 9 &o 1??

E@. K

C%O

?./ K

>. C%

/. O

1?? To&a8



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COMPOSITION

P"%2"& Ma$$ o a "8"m"& ( a 2om9o) ($&'" m-"% o #%am$ o &'" "8"m"& )(0()")-! &'" #%am$ o &'" 2om9o), m8&(98(") -!1??

ma$$ @ 1??

G%am$ o "8"m"&

G%am$ o 2om9o)



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COMPOSITION

L"&$ 8oo: a& o% "@am98" a#a(

KC%O

STEP 1Ca828a&" &'" To&a8 Mo8"28a% Ma$$ o KC%O

Go a'"a) a 2a828a&" &'a& ow

K / # @ K #C% #O 1> # @ O >#

KC%O 1#



59/79


COMPOSITION

L"&$ 8oo: a& o% "@am98" a#a(

KC%O

STEP U$(# &'" ()(0()a8 mo8a% ma$$ o "a2' "8"m"&,

)(0()" "a2' "8"m"& w(&' &'" &o&a8 mo8a% ma$$Go a'"a) a) 2a828a&" &'a& ow w(&' 3Sig%i&ca%t &g#r$s

K / # @ K # K X1# .?

C% # X1# ?.>O 1> # @ O ># X1# ?.//?



60/79


COMPOSITION

L"&$ 8oo: a& o% "@am98" a#a(

KC%O

STEP /M8&(98! &'" m-"% 2a828a&") %om S&"9 a)

m8&(98! -! 1??Go a'"a) a) 2a828a&" &'a& ow K / # @ K # K X1# .? @ 1??

?. K

C% # X1# ?.> @ 1?? >. C%O 1> # @ O ># X1# ?.//? @ 1?? //O



61/79


COMPOSITION

INDIVIDUAL WORK

1. Ca828a&" &'" ma$$ o 2a%-o ( # ( C/H

. Ca828a&" &'" 9"%2"& 2om9o$(&(o o "a2' o&'"$" 2om9o)$.

1. P%o9a", C/H

. So)(m -($8a&", NaHSO

/. Ca82(m a2"&a&", Ca3CH/O4

. H!)%o#" 2!a()", HCN


62/79

CLOSURE

Ta:" &'" %"ma()"% o &'($ 9"%(o) a)w%(&" )ow ( 2om98"&" $"&"2"$ w'a&!o 8"a%") &o)a!, a99%o@(ma&"8! /9a%a#%a9'$.


63/79

DRILL

W'a& ($ 9"%2"& 2om9o$(&(o+

W'a& ($ &'" o%m8a o% 9"%2"& 2om9o$(&(o+


64/79

DRILL

Ca828a&" &'" ma$$ o o@!#" ( 1# oSo)(m -($8a&", NaHSO


65/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES

EMPIRICAL FORMULAS

CHEMICALQUANTITIES-EMPIRICAL


66/79

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES EMPIRICAL

FORMULAS

Em'irica! Form#!a

G(0"$ &'" lowestw'o8" m-"% %a&(o o &'""8"m"&$ ( a 2om9o).

T'($ %a&(o ($ not"2"$$a%(8! &'" mo8"28a%

o%m8a5

Ca828a&(# &'" "m9(%(2a8 o%m8a ($ #o(# &o%"(%" &'" $" o a8mo$& "0"%!&'(# !o0"

8"a%") $o a%.

Ea2' "8"m"& ( &'" 2om9o) wo8) %"(%")("%"& amo&$ )"9")(# o &'" ma$$ a) 2om o$(&(o



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FORMULAS

S&"9$ &o $o80" o% a Em9(%(2a8 Fo%m8a

1. W%(&" )ow &'" -a$" o%m8a A@B

. Co0"%& w'a&"0"% !o 'a0" (&o mo8"$ $(#)(m"$(oa8 aa8!$($

/. D(0()" "a2' "8"m"& -! &'" 8ow"$& m-"%o mo8"$ ( &'" 2om9o)

. Ro) ( "2"$$a%! &o &'" "a%"$& 1?&'$98a2"a)Qo% m8&(98! -! a m-"% &o #"& a whole

number%a&(o. W%(&" )ow &'" Em9(%(2a8 Fo%m8a



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FORMULAS

W'a& ($ &'" "m9(%(2a8 o%m8a o a 2om9o)&'a& ($ . N(&%o#" a) .1 O@!#"+

S(E) 1 W%(&" )ow &'" -a$" o%m8a A@BS=

N@O!


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CHEMICAL QUANTITIES- EMPIRICAL


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C C QU S C

FORMULAS


S(E) 2 * Co0"%& w'a&"0"% !o 'a0" (&o

mo8"$ $(# )(m"$(oa8 aa8!$($

1 mo8 N

1.? # N

1 mo8 O

1>.? # O

.# o N @ 1. mo8 N

.1# o O @ .>/ mo8 O



71/79

Q

FORMULAS


S(E) 3 * D(0()" "a2' "8"m"& -! &'" 8ow"$&

m-"% o mo8"$ ( &'" 2om9o)

.# o N @ 1. mo8 N

.1# o O @ .>/ mo8 O

1 mo8 N

1.? # N

1 mo8 O

1>.? # O

X 1. mo8 1 mo8N

X 1. mo8 . mo8



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Q

FORMULAS


S(E) + Ro) ( "2"$$a%! &o &'" "a%"$&

1?&'$

98a2" a)Qo% m8&(98! -! a m-"% &o#"& a whole number%a&(o1 mo8 N @ 6666

. mo8 O @ 6666

mo8 N

mo8 O



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Q

FORMULAS

W'a& ($ &'" "m9(%(2a8 o%m8a o a2om9o) &'a& ($ . N(&%o#" a).1 O@!#"+

S(E) , W%(&" )ow &'" Em9(%(2a8 Fo%m8a

mo8 N mo8 O NO

CHEMICAL QUANTITIES- MOLECULAR


74/79

Q

FORMULAS

(-$ Mo!$c#!ar form#!a

($ &'" actualo%m8a o a mo8"28a%2om9o)

W'(8" &'" "m9(%(2a8 o%m8a #(0" $ &'" -a$"

%a&(o o &'" 2om9o), &'" mo8"28a% o%m8aw(88 #(0" &'" a2&a8 mo8"28a% o%m8a -!$(# &'" mo8a% ma$$.

@ 3"m9(%(2a8 o%m8a4 mo8"28a% o%m8aRa&(o o &'"2om9o)$


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Chemical Quantities- Molecular Formulas

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Chemical Quantities Lecture