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MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Primary Production in the Ocean
A global composite of sea surface chlorophyll concentration
High-nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)
Oligotrophic gyre (LNLC) Coastal Upwelling
Seasonal Phytoplankton blooms
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Examples of the larger phytoplankton Coccolithophorid
Dinoflagellate
Diatom Diatom
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Atmosphere
Aphotic Zone
Euphotic zone
CO2 Biological Pump
CO2
CO2
Organic Matter
Particle sinking, downward transport of DOM
OM decomposition
O2
Phytoplankton (no change in ALK
net decrease in pCO2)
Incident Light
O2
Zooplankton Bacteria N, P, Si, trace metals
N, P, Si, trace metals
Vertical mixing, advection
O2
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Law of the Minimum - Liebig's Law
Justus von Liebig, generally credited as the "father of the fertilizer industry", formulated the law of the minimum: if one crop nutrient is missing or deficient, plant growth will be poor, even if the other elements are abundant. Liebig likens the potential of a crop to a barrel with staves of unequal length. The capacity of this barrel is limited by the length of the shortest stave (in this case, phosphorus) and can only be increased by lengthening that stave. When that stave is lengthened, another one becomes the limiting factor. For Phytoplankton 1)Light 2)Macronutrients (N, P) 3)Micronutrients (Fe, Zn)
1803-1873
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Iz = I0 x e-kz
Behavior of Light in the Sea
1)Exponential decrease in intensity with depth (z)
2) Preferential absorption in the ‘red-end’ of the spectrum
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Low light adapted
High light adapted
High light adapted
Low light adapted
P = Pmax x I/(I+kI)
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Net growth = dp - dr
At the compensation depth (Dc) Net growth = 0, dp = dr For an individual phytoplankton cell The critcal depth(Dcr) is defined such that
When the mixed layer depth (mld) < Dcr , a phyto plankton bloom can occur
Sverdrup (1952)
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Onset of nutrient limitation
Onset of light limitation
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Major Coastal Upwelling Zones
A global composite of sea surface chlorophyll concentration
Coastal Upwelling
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Herbland & Le Bouteiller (1981) J. Plank. Res.
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Direction reversed in southern hemisphere
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Martin et al. Fe studies in subarctic N. Pacific
A global composite of sea surface chlorophyll concentration
High-nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)
HNLC
HNLC
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Martin et al. (1989) Deep-Sea Res.
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Large-Scale Fe Fertilization Experiments
A global composite of sea surface chlorophyll concentration
High-nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)
HNLC
HNLC
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Boyd, P. W., et al. (2000) A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407: 695 - 702.
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Atmosphere
Aphotic Zone
Euphotic zone
CO2 Biological Pump
CO2
CO2
Organic Matter
Particle sinking, downward transport of DOM
OM decomposition
O2
Phytoplankton (no change in ALK
net decrease in pCO2)
Incident Light
O2
Zooplankton Bacteria N, P, Si, trace metals
N, P, Si, trace metals
Vertical mixing, advection
O2
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Alldredge and Silver (1988) Prog. Oceanogr.
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
From W. Deuser
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510 Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
