Chemical Nomenclature

Binary Compounds

• Simplest compounds; made up of two kinds of atoms or monoatomic ions (for an ionic compound)

• For binary ionic compounds:– The positive metal is first, followed by the

negative non-metal – Name of metal is stated in full and non-metal

has an –ide suffix

• Write chemical formula for aluminum chloride:

• Name the following chemical: Li2O

Al Cl

3 1

Al1Cl3 AlCl3

lithium oxide

Try:

a)BaS

b)magnesium nitride

c)sodium bromide

d)Al2O3

e)calcium chloride

f) BN

a) barium sulfideb) Mg3N2

c) NaBrd) aluminum oxidee) CaCl2

f) boron nitride

• Some metals have more than one charge. They are known to be multivalent.

Metal Ion IUPAC Name

iron Fe2+, Fe3+ iron(II), iron(III)

copper Cu+, Cu2+ copper(I), copper(II)

tin Sn2+, Sn4+ tin(II), tin(IV)

lead Pb2+, Pb4+ lead(II), lead(IV)

cobalt Co2+, Co4+ cobalt(II), cobalt(IV)

gold Au+, Au2+ gold(I), gold(II)

mercury Hg+, Hg2+ mercury(I), mercury(II)

Write the IUPAC name for:

a) SnCl4b) AuBr

c) PbO2

Write the chemical formula for:

a) mercury(II) oxide

b) copper(II) sulfide

c) iron(III) chloride

a)tin(IV) chlorideb)gold(I) bromidec)lead(IV) oxide

a)HgOb)CuSc)FeCl3

Polyatomic Ions• Ions that have more than 2 atoms present

• Eg. ClO3-, SO4

2-, PO43-

Know the following 10 for test:

acetate (CH3COO-) nitrate (NO3-)

ammonium (NH4+) nitrite (NO2

-)

carbonate (CO32-) phosphate (PO4

3-)

chlorate (ClO3-) sulfate (SO4

2-)

hydroxide (OH-) sulfite (SO32-)

Try:

a)hydrogen chlorate

b)PbSO4

c)iron(III) nitrate

d)magnesium sulfite

e)Ca3(PO4)2

f) NaNO2

g)lithium carbonate

a) HClO3

b) lead(II) sulfatec) Fe(NO3)3

d) MgSO3

e) calcium phosphate

f) sodium nitriteg) Li2CO3

Molecular Compounds• Binary compound consisting of two non-metals• Use IUPAC prefixes for naming (eg. mono, di, tri, etc) p.

97– Do not use “mono” for first part of binary compound

name, only for 2nd part!

PCl3

phosphorus trichloride (no “mono” for phosphorus)

P2S5

diphosphorus pentasulfide

Try:

a) sulfur trioxide

b) P4O7

c) dinitrogen trioxide

d) NCl3e) CCl4

a) SO3

b) tetraphosphorus heptoxide

c) N2O3

d) nitrogen trichloridee) carbon tetrachloride

Acids

• All acids start with H (e.g. HCl, H2SO4)

• TWO acids types exist: a) binary acids and b) oxyacids– Binary: H + non-metal. E.g. HCl

– Oxyacids: H + polyatomic ion. E.g. H2SO4

• Each have different naming rules.

Naming Binary Acids – depends on the state of the acid

• If it’s NOT in aqueous state [eg. (g)]– hydrogen + non-metal– HCl(g)

• If it is aqueous (aq): – hydro + non-metal root + ic + acid– HCl(aq)

hydrogen chloride

hydrochloric acid

Naming Oxyacids – does not depend on the state

1) Name the polyatomic ion

2) Replace -ate with -ic, -ite with -ous

3) Change non-metal root for pronunciation

4) add “acid” to the name

Eg. H2SO4

H2SO3

sulfuric acidsulfurous acid

Try:

a)hydrobromic acid

b)HNO3

c)nitrous acid

d)HF (g)

e)H3PO4

a) HBr (aq)b) nitric acidc) HNO2d) hydrogen fluoridee) phosphoric acid

BasesFor this course, we will limit ourselves to the hydroxides (OH-):

Formula IUPAC Name

NaOH sodium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

KOH potassium hydroxide

Ca(OH) 2 calcium hydroxide

Etc...