Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds

Chemical Names and Formulas

What’s in a name?

What is the formula for:

Epsom’s salt

Magnesium Sulfate

What’s in a name?

Name the following compounds:

1.CCl4

2.MgCl2

Molecular and Ionic CompoundsMolecular

The formula gives the # of atoms of each element in a molecule.

IonicThe formula is the simplest whole #

ratio of ions

Write formulas for the following compounds:

Naming Ionic CompoundsName = +

Monatomic cations

Mg2+ magnesium

Cation name Anion Name

Transition metal cations

Fe3+ iron (III)

Polyatomic cations

NH4+ ammonium

Monatomic anions

Cl- chloride

polyatomic anions

SO42- sulfate

Examples:

1.NaI

2.CaO

3.Al2O3

4.Na3PO4

5.CaSO4

Sodium iodide

Calcium oxide

Aluminum oxide

Sodium phosphate

Calcium sulfate

Examples with transition metals

1.CuCl

2.CuCl2

3.FeO

4.Fe2O3

Copper (I) chloride

Copper (II) chloride

Iron (II) oxide

Iron (III) oxide

Examples with polyatomic cations

1.NH4Cl

2.NH4OH

3.(NH4)2SO4

Ammonium chloride

Ammonium hydroxide

Ammonium sulfate

Write the names of the following compounds:

1.Ag2S

2.NaMnO4

3.Ba(OH)2

4.NH4NO3

5.Fe(ClO)2

6.Ca(NO3)2

7.K2SO3

8.NaC2H3O2

silver sulfidesodium permanganatebarium hydroxideammonium nitrateiron (II) hypochloritecalcium nitratepotassium sulfitesodium acetate

Write the names of the following compounds:

1. Rb2O

2. Ca(OH)2

3. CoCl34. SrI2

5. K2S

6. SnO2

7. NH4NO3

8. Cu(NO3)2

9. KClO3

10.Mo(SO4)3

Naming Binary Molecular (Covalent) Compounds

• Binary – between 2 elements• Molecular compounds form between nonmetals

only

How is a molecular compound named?

+

Example: N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide

Numerical prefix + name of the first element

Numerical prefix + name of the second element with “ide” ending

What are the numerical prefixes?1 Mono-

2 Di-

3 Tri-

4 Tetra-

5 Penta-

6 Hexa-

7 Hepta

8 Octa

9 Nona-

10 Deca-

Examples:

N2O – dinitrogen monoxide

P4O10- tetraphosphorus decoxide

As2O5- diarsenic pentoxide

Some Exceptions• “mono” is left off of the first element name

if there is only one of those atoms

CO2 _________________

CO _________________

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Some Exceptions• Prefixes are sometimes shortened by

dropping the “o” or “a” if the element name starts with a vowel

N2O _____________

N2O4 _____________

Dinitrogen monoxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Some Exceptions• Common names are used for some

compounds

H2O ______________

NH3 ______________

Water

Ammonia

Name the following compounds:

SO2

PCl3

CCl4

CS2

P4O6

PF5

XeF4

SO3

Sulfur dioxide

Phosphorus trichloride

Carbon tetrachloride

Carbon disulfide

Tetraphosphorus hexoxide

Phosphorus pentafluoride

Xenon tetrafluoride

Sulfur trioxide

Write formulas for the following compounds.

Nitrogen monoxide

Oxygen difluoride

Carbon tetraiodide

Dinitrogen pentoxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Sulfur hexafluoride

NO

OF2

CI4

N2O5

N2O4

SF6

Naming Acids• Acids were first identified as substances that break up into hydrogen ions and

anions when dissolved in water

Example: HCl H2O H+ + Cl-

Binary Acids – acids containing monatomic anions

Name = Hydro + “element name” + “ic” acid

HF

HCl

HBr

HI

Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrobromic acid

Hydroiodic acid

Acids with oxy-anions

• Acids with anions containing oxygen and ending in “ate”

Name = “anion name” + “ic” acid

HNO3

H2SO4

H2CO3

H3PO4

Nitric acid

Sulfuric acid

Carbonic acid

Phosphoric acid

Acids with Oxy-anions

• Acids with anions containing oxygen and ending in “ite”

Acid name = anion name + “ous” + “acid”

H2SO3

HNO2

Sulfurous acid

Nitrous acid

Covalent Network Compounds