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Tél : (33) 05.47.74.69.00

Fax : (33) 05.47.74.80.13

Mél : rescoll@rescoll.fr

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Accréditation N°1-1995 Portée disponible sur www.cofrac.fr

1/22

Chemical characterization of waxes

Ref : CR08235002

Date : April 4th, 2011

Introduction :

RESCOLL has carried out a chemical screening of several waxes available on the

market in order to verify the accordance between real composition of the

products and the claims written on the different packages. In a few words, are

the so called “bio” or “green” waxes really bio-based and petrochemical free?

6 different waxes have been studied:

MATUNAS COLD,

RAMSON COOL FORMULA,

TERRAWAX 11-17°C/52-62°F,

FAMOUS GREEN LABEL WARM,

STICKY BUMPS SOY WAX WARM,

GREENFIX COLD.

These samples have all been analyzed following a test protocol developed by

RESCOLL in order to assess the presence of petrochemical based products in the

formulations. According to this protocol, we can identify the major constituents

of the waxes (petrochemical or bio-based). However, ingredients with contents

under 5%in mass are not detected with this test method.

E046E– 18/02/11

2/22

Analysis methodology Waxes are constituted by organic compounds (in the sense of carbon based products,

synthetic or bio-based) and mineral fillers. This last ingredients may interfere in the

characterization, thus extraction of these fillers is mandatory. So, first step of the test protocol

is separation of the mineral fillers from the organic ingredients.

Test method is constituted by several steps:

Extraction of the organic phase with cyclohexane under agitation

overnight at room temperature,

Separation between cyclohexane soluble compounds and other

constituents by centrifugation and filtration

Drying of the cyclohexane solution by solvent evaporation,

Analysis of the dried mix by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy

(FTIR), following standard T 51-500 (1989) and Differential Scanning

Calorimetry (DSC) following standard NF EN ISO 11357-3 (1999).

Results : MATUNAS COLD

FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of this wax are presented in Appendix 1.

The FTIR analysis shows that the analysed portion of the product contains:

mainly signals that are typical of CH2 and aliphatic CH functions,

a band corresponding to the C=O function at 1745 cm-1.

The C=O function band has a very low intensity, which indicates that the sample contains no

or very few fatty acids, constitutive compounds of vegetable waxes and oils.

This analysis underlines that major organic constituents of this wax are from petrochemical

origin, for instance paraffins and mineral oils.

RAMSOM COOL FORMULA

FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of this wax are presented in Appendix 2.

The FTIR analysis shows that the sample only contains CH2 and aliphatic CH functions.

Bands characteristic to fatty acids are missing on the spectrum.

So, organic constituents of this wax are mainly from petrochemical origin.

TERRAWAX 11-17°C/52-62°F

FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of this wax are presented in Appendix 3.

Results obtained for this sample are similar to those from RAMSON COOL FORMULA.

Then, organic constituents of TERRAWAX 11-17°C/52-62°F are mainly petrochemicals.

3/22

FAMOUS GREEN LABEL WARM

FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of this wax are presented in Appendix 4.

The FTIR spectrum of this sample contains the bands presented in the following table.

Wave number (cm-1) Mode

2916 – 2848

1737 – 1708

1463

1366

1192 – 1169

728 - 719

- CH2 aliphatic

-C=O ester / acid

d- CH2 aliphatic

- CH aliphatic

-C-O ester

- (CH2)n aliphatic n>4

This wax has a more complicated formula compared to the previous references.

The spectrum shows all the bands that are characteristic to vegetable waxes like beeswax,

coprah oil and soy butter.

However, DSC does not allow concluding on the absence of paraffin in the formula.

In order to conclude on the paraffin question, we studied the intensity of the FTIR signals. It

appears that paraffin, if present in the sample, should correspond to less than a few % in

mass.

Thus, organic constituents of this wax are mainly from natural origin.

STICKY BUMPS SOY WAX WARM

FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of this wax are presented in Appendix 5.

The FTIR spectrum of the sample shows bands that are presented in the table below.

Wave number (cm-1) Mode

2916 – 2848

1737

1462

1376

1171 – 1113

729 - 719

- CH2 aliphatic

-C=O ester

- CH2 aliphatic

- CH aliphatic

-C-O ester

- (CH2)n aliphatic n>4

According to this spectrum, this wax contains a vegetable oil like coprah oil.

However, given the intensity of the FTIR bands at 1737 and 729cm-1 and the DSC melting

temperatures, this sample may probably contain a petrochemical based constituent like

paraffin. However, it is difficult to conclude on the presence of this paraffin on the basis of

these analyses.

Thus, organic constituents of this wax are mainly from natural origin.

4/22

GREENFIX COLD

FTIR spectra and DSC thermogram of this wax are presented in Appendix 6

The FTIR spectrum of this sample shows bands that are presented in the following table.

Wave number (cm-1) Mode

2917 – 2852

1730

1497

1461

1377

1235 -1169 – 1104

884 – 822

719

- CH2 aliphatic

-C=O ester

- C=C aromatic

- CH2 aliphatic

- CH aliphatic

-C-O ester

- CH aromatic

- (CH2)n aliphatic n>4

The bands characteristic to aromatic functions seem to indicate the presence of modified

rosin.

The ratio between heights of the peaks at 2917 and 1730 cm-1 indicates the presence of

vegetable waxes (beeswax for instance).

Then, identified constituents of this wax are exclusively from natural origin.

5/22

Conclusions The following table summarizes the results obtained for the 6 tested waxes.

Wax Identified constituents

MATUNAS COLD Mainly waxes and oils from petrochemical

origin

RAMSON COOL FORMULA Mainly waxes and oils from petrochemical

origin

TERRAWAX 11-17°C/52-62°F Mainly waxes and oils from petrochemical

origin

FAMOUS GREEN LABEL WARM Mainly waxes and oils from natural origin

STICKY BUMPS SOY WAX WARM Mainly waxe and oils from natural origin.

Probably very low % of petrochemical waxes

GREENFIX COLD Waxes and oils from natural origin

exclusively

Modified rosin (natural origin)

6/22

Appendix 1: FTIR spectra and DSC thermograms of MATUNAS COLD

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6349.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/MATUNAS ORGANIC COLD

Date Created: fri dec 03 08:54:15 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 03/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2954

2915

2848

1795

1743

1389

872

729

712

661

625

534

496

470

456

1230

1176

1089

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6381.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/Extrait Cyclo MATUNAS ORGANICS COLD

Date Created: tue dec 14 16:23:16 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 14/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2916

2848

1745

1462

1366

1229

729

719

7/22

53.23°C

41.65°C85.17J/g

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/MATUNASSize: 9.5400 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\RC\2008\08235\RC_08235_MATUNAS.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 00:44Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

47.36°C

50.54°C81.26J/g

36.49°C

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/MATUNASSize: 9.5400 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\RC\2008\08235\RC_08235_MATUNAS.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 00:44Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

8/22

50.93°C

34.17°C84.66J/g

40.78°C

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/MATUNASSize: 9.5400 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\RC\2008\08235\RC_08235_MATUNAS.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 00:44Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

9/22

Appendix 2: FTIR spectra and DSC thermograms DSC of RAMSON COOL FORMULA

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6350.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/RAMSOM COOL

Date Created: fri dec 03 08:57:51 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 03/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2915

2848

1415

1230

874

729

718

627

534

495

469

1794

2949

710

659

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6382.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/Extrait Cyclo RAMSOM COOL

Date Created: tue dec 14 16:14:13 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 14/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2915

2848

1462

1366

1230

729

719

10/22

54.24°C

43.39°C81.87J/g

-1.3

-1.1

-0.9

-0.7

-0.5

-0.3

-0.1

0.1

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/RAMSONSize: 7.9400 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\RC\2008\08235\RC_08235_RAMSON.001Operator: BLRun Date: 11-Jan-2011 22:34Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

49.47°C

52.36°C87.09J/g

38.00°C

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/RAMSONSize: 7.9400 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\RC\2008\08235\RC_08235_RAMSON.001Operator: BLRun Date: 11-Jan-2011 22:34Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

11/22

52.10°C

34.07°C84.06J/g

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/RAMSONSize: 7.9400 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\RC\2008\08235\RC_08235_RAMSON.001Operator: BLRun Date: 11-Jan-2011 22:34Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

12/22

Appendix 3: FTIR spectra and DSC thermograms of TERRAWAX 11-17°C/52-62°F

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6348.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/TERRA WAX 11-17

Date Created: fri dec 03 08:48:45 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 03/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2954

2915

2848

1407

873

729

712 625

534

496

470

663

1794

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6380 .003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/Extrait Cyclo TERRA WAX 11-17

Date Created: tue dec 14 16:20:09 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 14/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2953

2915

2848

1462

1366

1230

803

729

719

13/22

52.32°C

45.57°C68.72J/g

41.29°C

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/TERRA WAXSize: 7.1800 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\2008\08235\RC_08235_TERRA WAX.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 05:04Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

50.82°C

53.93°C61.76J/g

36.74°C

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/TERRA WAXSize: 7.1800 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\2008\08235\RC_08235_TERRA WAX.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 05:04Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

14/22

53.42°C

42.10°C57.61J/g

40.53°C

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/TERRA WAXSize: 7.1800 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\2008\08235\RC_08235_TERRA WAX.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 05:04Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

15/22

Appendix 4: FTIR Spectra and DSC thermograms of FAMOUS GREEN LABEL WARM

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6468.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/FAMOUS Warm

Date Created: tue jan 25 08:10:49 2011

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 25/01/11

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2916

2849

1795

1736

1407

1195

1174

872

848

730

712

623

531

494

470

960

1115

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6469.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/FAMOUS Warm - extrait Cyclohexane

Date Created: tue jan 25 08:13:37 2011

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 25/01/11

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2916

2848

1737

1463

1366

1169

1113

965

719

1708

1192

728

16/22

60.31°C

38.03°C66.29J/g

48.87°C

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/FAMOUS WARMSize: 9.9700 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\08235\RC_08235_FAMOUS WARM.001Operator: BLRun Date: 25-Jan-2011 07:24Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

53.54°C

58.49°C65.93J/g

25.12°C

48.11°C

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/FAMOUS WARMSize: 9.9700 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\08235\RC_08235_FAMOUS WARM.001Operator: BLRun Date: 25-Jan-2011 07:24Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

17/22

59.65°C

26.04°C56.60J/g

42.80°C

51.14°C

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/FAMOUS WARMSize: 9.9700 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\08235\RC_08235_FAMOUS WARM.001Operator: BLRun Date: 25-Jan-2011 07:24Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

18/22

Appendix 5: FTIR Spectra and DSC thermograms DSC of STICKY BUMPS SOY WAX

WARM

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6351.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/STICKY BUMPS SOY WAX WARM

Date Created: fri dec 03 09:01:17 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 03/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2916

2848

1737

1413

1195

1172

873

730

718

622

534

493

467

641955

1794

2949

RESCOLL

Golden Gate

Opérateur : BL

Spectrum Pathname: C:\pel_data\spectra\6383.003

Analyst: Admin

Description: RC/08235/Extrait Cyclo STICKY BUMPS SOY WAX WARM

Date Created: tue dec 14 16:16:36 2010

Accumulations: 16

Resolution: 4 cm-1

IR Accessory:

Date: 14/12/10

4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 450.0

0.0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100.0

cm-1

%T

2916

2848

1737

1462

1376

1171

1113

861

729

719

19/22

59.28°C

57.85°C113.6J/g

22.34°C

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/STICKY BUMPSize: 5.3300 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\08235\RC_08235_STICKY BUMP.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 02:54Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

54.12°C

57.16°C108.4J/g

0.35°C

47.35°C

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/STICKY BUMPSize: 5.3300 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\08235\RC_08235_STICKY BUMP.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 02:54Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

20/22

55.74°C

42.96°C101.8J/g

22.34°C

49.12°C

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC/08235/STICKY BUMPSize: 5.3300 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\08235\RC_08235_STICKY BUMP.001Operator: BLRun Date: 12-Jan-2011 02:54Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

21/22

Appendix 6: FTIR Spectra and DSC thermograms of GREENFIX COLD

62.80°C

54.63°C58.97J/g

3.51°C

45.67°C

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC_08235_GREEN FIXSize: 9.6500 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\2008\08235\RC_08235_GREEN FIX.001Operator: BLRun Date: 14-Mar-2011 18:02Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

22/22

56.55°C

59.01°C55.25J/g

47.15°C

-12.11°C

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC_08235_GREEN FIXSize: 9.6500 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\2008\08235\RC_08235_GREEN FIX.001Operator: BLRun Date: 14-Mar-2011 18:02Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments

60.10°C

43.88°C55.27J/g

1.75°C

47.44°C

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

He

at

Flo

w (

W/g

)

-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250

Temperature (°C)

Sample: RC_08235_GREEN FIXSize: 9.6500 mgMethod: ISO 11357

DSCFile: C:...\2008\08235\RC_08235_GREEN FIX.001Operator: BLRun Date: 14-Mar-2011 18:02Instrument: DSC Q2000 V24.8 Build 120

Exo Up Universal V4.7A TA Instruments