Chemical Bonding: PART 2 – COVALENT

You know you LOVE notes because they

help you learn!

Chemical bonding is the way atoms are attracted to each other to form compounds.

s

8

Bonding Basics• All atoms want to have a

FULL outer energy level – just like the Noble Gases – because this means stability!

• Atoms want 8 valence electrons (except H & He who want 2 because 2 electrons mean FULL)

Cl

ClCl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cloctet

Cl Cloctet

Cl Cloctet octet

SHARED ELECTRONS

Covalent Bonds

Cl Cloctet octet

1.Covalent Bonds are formed when atoms SHARE one or more electrons to complete their outer shell

Covalent Bonds

Cl Cloctet octet

2. Non-metal + Non-metal (gay marriage)

3. “Co” = sharing”valent” = valence electrons

Molecules• Fundamental unit

of covalent compounds

• Any group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Single Bonds

Cl Cl

1. One bonding PAIR

Cl Cl

Single Bonds1. One bonding PAIR2. Abbreviated with a

dash

Cl Cl

Single Bonds1. One bonding PAIR2. Abbreviated with a

dash3. This is a chlorine molecule Cl2

Cl Cl

****Remember***The straight line represent

TWO electrons, one from each atom

Double Bonds

O2Ex. Molecular Oxygen

How will two oxygen atoms

bond?

OODouble Bonds

OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons

Double Bonds

OODouble Bonds

OODouble Bonds

OO• Both atoms of Oxygen want to gain two electrons

Double Bonds

OODouble Bonds

OODouble Bonds

OODouble Bonds

OODouble Bonds

OO• Both electron pairs

are shared

Double Bonds

6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OODouble Bonds

OODouble Bonds

6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

• two bonding pairs,

OOmaking a double bond

Double Bonds

OO=• For convenience, the

double bond can be shown as two

dashes.

OODouble Bonds

Double Bonds1. Two bonding PAIRS

O O

O O

Double Bonds1. Two bonding PAIRS2. Abbreviated with 2

dashes

O O

Double Bonds1. Two bonding PAIRS2. Abbreviated with 2

dashes3. This is a Oxygen molecule O2

O O

OO=This is the oxygen

molecule,O2

this is so

cool!!

Double Bonds

GROUP PRACTIC

E!

1. F and F?

What type of bond?

2. F and H?

3. Na and F?

A = covalent bond

A = covalent bond

A = ionic bond

4. O and H?

What type of bond?

5. Mg and I?

6. C and C?

A = covalent bond

A = ionic bond

A = covalent bond

1. H + H H2

Practice Building Covalent Bonds

H HH H+H H- SINGLE

COVALENT

BOND

2. How does Carbon bond with Hydrogen?

Practice Building Covalent Bonds

C HH

HH

2. How does Carbon bond with Hydrogen?

Practice Building Covalent Bonds

C HH

HH

4 single

covalent bonds

C + H CH4

2. How does Nitrogen bond with Nitrogen?

Practice Building Covalent Bonds

TRIPLE COVALEN

T BOND

N N---N N+ N N

2. How does Nitrogen bond with Nitrogen?

Practice Building Covalent Bonds

N + N N2

Enjoy your Day!

And Remember

: