Chem Ppt(Rica)

8/2/2019 Chem Ppt(Rica)

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ANOOS,RICA AINE A.



Protein is one of the basic

building blocks of the

human body, making up

about 16 percent of our total body weight.

However, protein plays a

major role in all of thecells and most of the fluids

in our bodies.



Although our bodies aregood at “recycling”

protein, we use upprotein constantly, so it

is important to

continually replace it



• Protein should account for 10% to20% of the calories consumed eachday.

Protein is essential to the structure ofred blood cells, for the proper functioning of antibodies resistinginfection, for the regulation ofenzymes and hormones, for growth,

and for the repair of body tissue.



Building of new cells

Maintenance of existing

cells

Replacement of old cells



Proteins are very

important molecules inour cells. They are

involved in virtually all cellfunctions. Each protein

within the body has a

specific function.

http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa050301a.htm




Antibodies - are specialized proteinsinvolved in defending the body fromantigens (foreign invaders). One wayantibodies destroy antigens is byimmobilizing them so that they can bedestroyed by white blood cells.

Contractile Proteins - are responsible for movement. Examples include actin and

myosin. These proteins are involvedin muscle contraction and movement.





Enzymes - are proteins thatfacilitate biochemical reactions.

They are often referred to ascatalysts because they speed up

chemical reactions. Examples

include the enzymes lactase andpepsin. Lactase breaks down the

sugar lactose found in milk. Pepsin

is a digestive enzyme that works inthe stomach to break down

proteins in food.



Hormonal Proteins - are messenger

proteins which help to coordinatecertain bodily activities. Examplesinclude insulin, oxytocin, andsomatotropin. Insulin regulates

glucose metabolism by controllingthe blood-sugar concentration.Oxytocin stimulates contractions infemales during childbirth.

Somatotropin is a growth hormonethat stimulates protein production inmuscle cells.



Structural Proteins - are fibrous and stringyand provide support. Examples includekeratin, collagen, and elastin. Keratinsstrengthen protective coverings such ashair, quills, feathers, horns, and beaks.Collagens and elastin provide supportfor connective tissues such as tendons and

ligaments.

Storage Proteins - store amino acids.Examples include ovalbumin and casein.Ovalbumin is found in egg whites andcasein is a milk-based protein.

.





Transport Proteins - are carrier proteins which move molecules

from one place to another

around the body. Examplesinclude hemoglobin and

cytochromes. Hemoglobin

transports oxygen through theblood. Cytochromes operate in

the electron transport chain as

electron carrier proteins







• Amino acids are the building blocks ofprotein and are found in a variety offoods. Meat, milk, cheese, and egg are

complete proteins that have all theessential amino acids. Other sources ofprotein include whole grains, rice, corn,beans, legumes, oatmeal, peas, and

peanut butter. For vegetarians, vegansand/or those who do not eat meat, fish,eggs, or dairy products, it is important toeat a variety of these other foods inorder to get enough protein.













Without protein our body cannot function

properly.

Our body nerves, tissues, bones all are made

up of proteins. So proteins become very

necessary for them to grow and repair. It

also used to produce some hormones and

enzymes in our body .proteins are made up

of amino acids. Our body produces nonessential amino acids and also requires the

essential amino acids which we take from

the food. Amino acids are present in the

proteins.



It has been proved by thephysicists that nearly 98% of ourbody atoms get replaced in a year. After every six months liverreplaces its cells and stomach

lining in five days. We get entirely new skeleton in three weeks. Andalso old blood cells are replaced

by new one. So for all thispurpose of growth and repairingproteins are essentially required

in our body.



Almost every cell present in our body is replaced after a particular time

period. So from now be careful about

your diet if you are not. When youeat, food breaks the proteins present

into amino acids which are again re-

assembled to regulate all the above

mentioned functions.





Like the structural steel of buildings

and the metal meshwork in concrete,

proteins provide the framework forevery cell of the body. Just as workers

at a construction site need a steady

supply of building materials, tissues

undergoing repair and those that are

growing need a steady supply of

protein to build and rebuild organs,

muscles, antibodies, hormones, andenzymes - every kind of cell in the

body. At eight months or eighty years,

bodies need protein.



Protein is a reasonably

worry-free food. Unlike fator sugar, it's nearlyimpossible to overdose onproteins, especially inchildren's diets. And formost Americans, gettingenough protein is not a

problem. Also, unlike withfats and carbs, there's nosuch food as an unhealthy

protein.



Another function of protein is

that it produces antibodies whichfight with the bacteria, viruses,toxins and many foreign

substances that are harmful forthe body. Moreover when you areinjected by cold, flu etc. it helps

in the cellular healing process.



Mostly people think that the animal

meat is a good source of proteins nodoubt it is but milk, cheese, eggs, arealso rich in proteins. Plant proteins arenot complete proteins such as grains,cereals etc. so it is required to havemore complete source of protein. Someof the protein is also used with these

foods that are stored earlier in our body.





Our protein needs depend on our age, size, and activity level. Thestandard method used by nutritionists

to estimate our minimum dailyprotein requirement is to multiply thebody weight in kilograms by .8, or weight in pounds by .37. This is the

number of grams of protein thatshould be the daily minimum.According to this method, a personweighing 150 lbs. should eat 55

grams of protein per day, a 200-pound person should get 74 grams,and a 250-pound person should eat92 grams.



Unlike fat and glucose, our

body has little capacity tostore protein. If we were to

stop eating protein, our bodywould start to break down

muscle for its needs within a

day or so.



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Chem Ppt(Rica)