Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: Review Unit 6 section of Packet TABLE OF CONTENTS: Which flask would have the lowest pressure? Assume the moles are the same in

Chem Catalyst:Chem HW:Review Unit 6

section of Packet

TABLE OF CONTENTS:TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Which flask would have the lowest pressure? Assume the moles are the same in each flask, and the volume is constant as well.

Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem

Pg Left Right40 Table: Macromolecules Notes: Macromolecules of Life

41 Practice Quiz Graphic Organizer

42 Lab Analysis Q’s Food Test Lab

43 Summary Notes: Hydrocarbons

44 Four Square Notes: Fuels of the Future

45

Draw this on Page 44L Use up entire page Paste Notes on 44R

Quickwrite 3 Takeways on Video #1, and 2 (Global Warming)

3 Takeaways on Clip #3 (Biofuels) 3 Sentence Summary

Unit 10: Nuclear Chemistry

What will be the fuel of the future?

Nuclear Energy?• Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions

to generate electricity• The energy of the reaction heats water, which

turns a turbine, which generates electrical energy.

Quickwrite: In 2 sentences explain what you see

Unstable Uranium

Plutonium may also be used

Nuclear Fission • Fission – To split something• Nuclear fission is when a very heavy nucleus

splits into a smaller, more stable nucleus releasing tremendous amount of energy


Will it continue to be fossil fuels? Oh no, global warming!

• Sun radiation heats up earth.• Some of the radiation bounces

back into the atmosphere and is trapped by greenhouse gases (CO2, methane, water vapor)

• The more pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels, the CO2, the more radiation that is trapped in the atmosphere, the hotter our planet gets.

Consequences of rising CO2

Rising CO2 Unethical, not right?

300 Years Of Fossil Fuels


Will it be Nuclear Fusion?• Fusion – When two things combine into one• Nuclear fusion is when two atomic nuclei fuse

into one new atom. • Example, two hydrogen nuclei combine to form

Helium, resulting in a burst of energy

How is nuclear energy calculated?• When compounds react the mass of the

atoms is not the same as the end of the reaction.

• That’s is b/c the lost mass is converted into energy!

• Calculated by E = mc2

Einstein’s Energy Equation

• E = energy (measured in Joules)

• m = mass (measured in kilograms)

• c = the speed of light, 3.0 x 108 m/s or 300,000,000

Example 1• You have a 2 kg object. Calculate the amount

of energy that would be produced if you were to convert all of this mass into energy. (c = 3.0 x 108 m/s)

E = mc2

E= (2kg) (3.0 x 108 m/s)2

E = 1.8 x 1017 Joules

Example 2• You have a 5 kg substance. How much energy

would be produced if this mass was converted to energy? (c = 3.0 x 108)

E = mc2

E= (5kg) (3.0 x 108 m/s)2

E = 4.5 x 1017 Joules


Biofuels? Cellulose?

SUMMARIZE and work on REVIEW PACKETUse the following terms in your summary on 44L:• Fission• Fusion• Fossil Fuels • Biofuels • Einstein’s Equation

Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: P6 ONLY:

Unit 7 Part of Packet due

MondayP1-5: Unit 7 will be done in class


Contrast nuclear fission with nuclear fusion







45 Practice: Decay Notes: Radioactive Decay

RADIOACTIVE DECAY

Radioactive Decay• Unstable atoms breakdown• Radioactive Decay – The spontaneous

breakdown of the nucleus into a smaller nucleus, accompanied by the release of particles, radiation or both.

What are the 3 types of radioactive decay?

Alpha (α) Decay• Alpha Decay – When an atom splits its nucleus

into:1. A smaller nucleus and 2. A Helium atom (2 protons, 2 neutrons).

• Observed often in very heavy atoms• Alpha particles travel only a few cm in air• Paper blocks alpha particles

Proton Number

Mass

Alpha Radiation

Beta (β) Decay• Some elements are unstable because their proton to

neutron ratio is too large.• Beta decay converts neutrons to protons and

releases an electron known as a beta particleneutron proton + β

• Travel a few meters in the air• Metals provide a shield against beta radiation.

Electron

Beta Radiation

Gamma (γ) Decay• Gamma rays are high energy waves that are

released when nucleus goes from high energy state to low energy.

• Gamma radiation is the most dangerous. It can lead to DNA mutations and cancers.

• Gamma radiation requires thick pieces of lead/concrete in order to stop.

Gamma Radiation

Radiation SummaryType of Radiation Description Blocked by?

Alpha (α)

Beta (β)

Gamma (γ)

The spitting of a nucleus into a smaller nucleus and a He atom (alpha particle

Converts a neutron to a proton and an electron

(beta particle)

High energy waves that are released by nucleus

Blocked by paper

Blocked by metals

Blocked by lead

Example 1• Label the following decay as alpha, beta or

gamma decay43

19K 4320Ca + electron

Example 2• Label the following decay as alpha, beta or

gamma decay210

84Po 20682Pb + 4

2He

Example 3• Complete the following reaction if it

undergoes beta decay:14

7N ______ + _______

More Practice 1. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 39

19K

2. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay:3

1H

3. Complete for alpha decay:210

84Po

4. Complete for alpha decay:235

92U

Chem Catalyst:Chem HW:

Study Unit 6-7 of Review Packet


Alpha decay of uranium results in:235

92U Beta decay of uranium results in:235

92U







45 Practice: Decay Notes: Radioactive Decay

Thurs/Friday:

• Phet Simulation • Packet Review, Unit 7 Stamp needed by the

end of today

Documents

Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: Review Unit 6 section of Packet TABLE OF CONTENTS: Which flask would have the lowest pressure? Assume the moles are the same in