CHEM 2411 Review

What did you learn in What did you learn in Organic Chemistry I?Organic Chemistry I?

Chapter/sections from Klein (2nd edition) you should already know:

• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10.2, 11.1-11.6, 13.1, 14.2, 14.11, 15.16, 18.2, 20.2, 21.2, 21.3, 21.6, 23.2

CHEM 2411 Review

Drawing structures• Lewis

• Condensed

• Line-angle

Functional groups• Alkane, alkene, alkyne, aromatic, alkyl halide, alcohol, ether, carbonyl,

aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, acid chloride, ester, amide, acid anhydride, amine, nitrile, thiol

Nomenclature• For all functional groups listed above

Isomerism• Constitutional

• Stereoisomers

CHEM 2411 Review Topics

Structure• an bonds

• Bond strength

• Primary, secondary, tertiary carbons

• Bond and molecular polarity

Physical properties• Intermolecular forces

• BP

• Solubility

Hybridization• Atomic orbitals

• Hybrid orbitals

• Which orbitals are used in sigma bonds? Pi bonds?

CHEM 2411 Review Topics

Resonance• Resonance structures

• Which structures contribute to hybrid structure?

• Electron movement

Acids and bases • Brønsted-Lowry

• How to predict acid strength?

• Lewis

Alkane conformations• Staggered vs. eclipsed

• Torsional strain

• Steric strain

CHEM 2411 Review Topics

Cycloalkane conformations• Angle strain

• Cyclohexane chair vs. boat

Alkene stability• Cis or trans?

• More substituted or less substituted?

Stereochemistry• R and S

• Chiral center (stereocenter), enantiomers, diastereomers

• Meso compounds

• Racemic mixture

• Cis and trans

• E and Z

CHEM 2411 Review Topics

Mechanisms• Symmetrical/homolytic/radical

• Unsymmetrical/heterolytic/polar

• Nucleophile and electrophile

• Electron motion

• Energy diagrams

Reaction types• Addition

• Elimination

• Substitution

• Rearrangement

• Oxidation

• Reduction

CHEM 2411 Review Topics

Radical reactions• Halogenation of alkanes

• Mechanism steps, catalyst

Substitution/Elimination reactions• SN1

• SN2

• E1

• E2

CHEM 2411 Review Topics