CHEE 340 Tutorial 1 Cell Structure and Metabolism

CHEE 340 Tutorial 1

Cell Structure and Metabolism

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Cell Basics

• Cell Theory– All organisms are comprised of one or more cells– The cell is the smallest unit of life– All cells come from previously existing cells

• List 4 types of molecules synthesized by cells

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Eukaryotic Cell

• The cytoplasm refers to the internal contents of a cell and is composed of ________ and _________.


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Organelles

• Nucleus• Ribosomes• Endoplasmic reticulum• Golgi apparatus• Mitochondria• Cytoskeleton

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Plasma Membrane

• Functions of the plasma membrane include:

• The plasma membrane is made up of ______________ which are amphipathic (_________ head and _______ tail) and combine tail-to-tail to form the _______________.


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Transport

• List 4 ways that molecules can be transported across a cell membrane

• The cell membrane allows the cell to maintain both an _________ and an _________ balance between itself and the extracellular fluid.

• A typical cell environment has a high concentration of _____ions inside the cell and a high concentration of ______ and ______ ions in the extracellular fluid.


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Receptors

• List 3 possible results of a ligand binding to a membrane-bound receptor–

• List 3 types of signalling–


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Metabolism

• Cells require energy, which is generally provided by converting ______ to ______.

• Glucose metabolism requires _______ and consists of 2 phases: _________ and _________. It produces _____, _____, and ______.

• Lipid metabolism produces ______ energy than glucose metabolism.


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Energy storage

• Fat is stored in ________ for _______ use.• Glucose is stored as ________ for _______

use.


Relative Directions: ______________ and ________________

Anatomy

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Anatomy


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Tissue

• A tissue is an organized group of cells and extracellular matrix that perform a specialized activity

• Functions of the extracellular matrix:– – – – –


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Extracellular Matrix

• Consists of a network of _______ and __________.

• ________ are transmembrane proteins that act as matrix receptors and connect the ECM to the cell’s cytoskeleton.


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Epithelial Tissue

• Functions:– – – – –

• Epithelial tissue that is 2+ cell layers thick is called ________________.

• Epithelial cells on internal surfaces are known as ________________.


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Connective Tissues

• Connective tissues are ________________.• Connective tissues are primarily composed of

the _________________.• The connective tissue that connects muscles

to bone is called a _____________, while the tissue that connects bone to bone is called a _____________.

• _________ is a fluid connective tissue.


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Blood

• Erythrocytes are also known as ___________.• Thrombocytes are also known as __________

and are involved in ____________.• ___________ are the “first responders” of the

immune system.• Monocytes differentiate into ____________

and help defend against ________________.• _____________ are associated with the

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Muscle and Nerve Tissues

• Muscle cells respond to ________________.• The three types of muscle tissue found in the

human body are ________, ________, and _________.

• Nervous tissue is composed of _______ and __________.

• ________ sense stimuli at the __________ and transmit electrical impulses (signals) along the _________ to other cells or tissues.


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Nerve Tissue

• _______ cells support, protect, and nourish neurons.

• For example, oligodendrocytes excrete an ECM material known as ___________ to provide electrical insulation of CNS neurons.

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CHEE 340 Tutorial 1 Cell Structure and Metabolism