Check Disk

Disk Defragmenter

Using Disk Defragmenter Effectively

• Run Disk Defragmenter when the computer will receive the least usage.

• Educate users to defragment their local hard disks.

• Analyze the target volume before you install large applications.

• After you delete a large number of files or folders, analyze your hard disk.

• Consider performing scheduled network-wide defragmentation from a central location.

Data Compression

• Compressed files can be read by and written to any Microsoft Windows-based or MS‑DOS-based application.

• NTFS allocates disk space based on the uncompressed file size.

Compressing Files and Folders

Selecting an Alternate Display Color

• You can select a different display color for compressed files and folders.

• You can change the display color by selecting Folder Options from the Tools menu.

Copying and Moving Compressed Files and Folders

• Copying a file or folder within an NTFS volume

• Moving a file or folder within an NTFS volume

• Copying a file or folder between NTFS volumes

• Moving a file or folder between NTFS volumes

• Moving or copying a file or folder to a FAT volume

• Moving or copying a compressed file or folder to a floppy disk

Using NTFS Compression

• Select file types to compress based on the anticipated resulting file size.

• Do not store compressed files in a compressed folder.

• Use a different display color for compressed folders and files.

• Compress static data rather than data that changes frequently.

Disk Quotas

• Disk quotas track and control disk usage on a per-user, per-volume basis.

• Disk quotas have several important characteristics.

• You can use disk quotas to perform a number of tasks related to monitoring and controlling hard disk space usage.

Setting Disk Quotas

Determining the Status of Disk Quotas

• You can determine the status of disk quotas in the Properties dialog box for a disk.

• The traffic light colors indicate the status of disk quotas.

Enforcing Disk Quotas

• You can configure the disk space limit and the warning level for one or more specific users.

• You can monitor usage for all users who have copied, saved, or taken ownership of files and folders in a volume.

• Volume usage is tracked for all users owning files on a volume where the disk quota system is active.

Guidelines for Using Disk Quotas

• If necessary, log on as Administrator to install additional Microsoft Windows 2000 components and applications.

• You can monitor hard disk usage and generate hard disk usage information without preventing users from saving data.

• Set more restrictive default limits for all user accounts, and then modify the limits if necessary.

• Set disk quotas on shared volumes to limit storage for users.

• Delete disk quota entries for users who no longer store their files on a volume.

• Remove files before deleting a quota entry for a user account.

Introduction to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Management Systems and Agents

• The network management station (NMS) does not have to run on the same computer as the SNMP agent.

• The NMS can request information from SNMP agents.

• SNMP agents provide information about activities that occur at the IP network layer and respond to requests for information.

• Agents do not originate messages except a trap message that is triggered by a specific event.

Management Information Base (MIB)

• A MIB is a container of objects that represent a particular type of information.

• All the information that a management system might request is stored in various MIBs.

• A MIB defines values for each object it contains.

• Each object in a MIB has a unique identifier that contains information.

SNMP Messages

Defining SNMP Communities

Managing the SNMP Service

SNMP Service Properties

• You can configure how the SNMP service starts, logs on to the system, and recovers from an abnormal termination of the service or operating system.

• You can specify a display name, description, startup type, and start parameters.

• The Dependencies tab provides a list of services that depend on the SNMP service and those that the SNMP service depends on.

SNMP Agent Properties

• The SNMP agent provides the related management system with information on activities that occur at the IP network layer.

• You can configure the agent properties on the Agent tab of the SNMP Service Properties dialog box.

• The Agent tab lists the services that you can select.

Trap Properties

• SNMP traps can be used for limited security checking.

• You can configure trap destinations on the Traps tab of the SNMP Service Properties dialog box.

Security Properties

• Send authentication traps

• Accepted community names

• Community rights

• Accept SNMP packets from any host

• Only accept SNMP packets from these hosts

Event Viewer

• SNMP error handling has been improved in Windows 2000.

• Improved error handling is integrated with Event Viewer.

• Use Event Viewer if you suspect a problem with the SNMP service.

WINS Service

• When querying WINS server MIBs, you might need to increase the SNMP time-out period.

• If some WINS queries work and others time out, increase the time-out period.

IPX Addresses

• An Error message occurs when the IPX address has been entered incorrectly.

• The SNMP service does not recognize an address with a comma or hyphen between the network number and Media Access Control (MAC) address.

• The address used for an IPX trap destination must follow the IETF defined 8.12 format.

SNMP Service Files

Performance Console

System Monitor Snap-In

• Performance Monitor has been replaced by System Monitor.

• The System Monitor snap-in allows you to perform a number of tasks.

• You can collect and view extensible data about the usage of hardware resources and the activity of system services.

• You can define the data that you want the graph to collect.

System Monitor Interface

Monitoring System and Network Performance

• Network activity can influence system performance.

• System Monitor enables you to track network and system activity.

• You should use specific counters as part of your normal monitoring configuration.

• Monitoring network activity involves examining performance data at each network layer.

• You should begin with the lowest-level components and work your way up.

• Establish a baseline for network performance.

Disk Objects and the Diskperf Utility

• Two primary disk objects contain counters in System Monitor: PhysicalDisk and LogicalDisk.

• The physical disk performance counters are enabled, and the logical disk performance counters are disabled.

• Use the Diskperf utility to enable and disable the counters.

• There is a small performance cost for running these counters.

Collecting Performance Data

• Collect performance data automatically from local or remote computers.

• View logged counter data or export the data.

Using the Performance Logs and Alerts Snap-In

• Collect data in a comma-delimited or tab-separated format.

• View counter data during collection and after collection has stopped.

• Define start and stop times, file names, file sizes, and other parameters.

• Manage multiple logging sessions from a single console window.

• Set an alert on a counter.

Recording Performance Data

• Start and stop logging.

• Create trace logs.

• Define a program that runs when a log is stopped.

• Configure additional settings for automatic logging.

Performance Logs and Alerts Interface

Introduction to Network Monitor

• Tracks network throughput in terms of captured network traffic

• Monitors the network data stream on the local network segment

• Can capture all local traffic or a subset of frames

• Captures only those frames sent to or from the local computer

• Uses a network driver interface specification (NDIS) feature to copy all frames to its capture buffer

Installing Network Monitor Tools

• Network Monitor Tools include the Network Monitor snap-in and the Network Monitor driver.

• These tools are not installed by default.

• You can use the Add/Remove Programs utility in Control Panel to install the Network Monitor Tools.

Capturing Frame Data

Using Capture Filters

Displaying Captured Data

Using Display Filters

Network Monitor Performance Issues

• Network Monitor creates a memory-mapped file for its capture buffer.

• Although you cannot adjust the frame size, you can store only part of the frame.

• You can run Network Monitor in the background to reduce the amount of system resources necessary to operate the program.

Overview of Task Manager

• Task Manager provides information about programs and processes running on your computer.

• You can use Task Manager to monitor key indicators of your computer’s performance.

• The Task Manager interface contains three tabs: Applications, Processes, and Performance.

• You can update Task Manager by clicking Refresh Now on the View menu.

Applications Tab

Processes Tab

Performance Tab