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Chöd Definition: Tibetan: to sever, is a spiritual practice found primarily in Tibetan Buddhism. Also known as "Cutting Through the Ego," the practice is based on the Prajñāpāramitā or "Perfection of Wisdom" sutras that expound the "emptiness" concept of Buddhist philosophy. According to Mahayana Buddhists, emptiness is the ultimate wisom of understanding that all things lack inherent existence. Chod combines prajñāpāramitā philosophy with specific meditation methods and tantric ritual. The chod practitioner seeks to tap the power of fear through activities such as rituals set in graveyards, and visualisation of offering their bodies in a tantric feast in order to put their understanding of emptiness to the ultimate test. Background: A form of Chöd was practiced in India by Buddhist mahāsiddhas (meditators with superior powers), prior to the 10th Century. However, Chöd as practiced today developed from the entwined traditions of the early Indian tantric practices transmitted to Tibet and the Bonpo (indigenous religious of Tibet) and Tibetan Buddhist lineages. Chöd developed outside the monastic system. It was subsequently adopted by the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The Practice: The Chöd, as an internalization of an outer ritual, involves a form of self sacrifice: the practitioner visualizes their own body as the offering at a tantric feast. The purpose of the practice is to engender a sense of victory and fearlessnes. The practitioner may cultivate imaginary fearful or painful situations since they help the

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Page 1: Chöd!!! - Tibetan Mongolian Buddhist Cultural Center |tmbcc.clear.us.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/chod.pdfgaṇacakra!or!tantric!feast.!!Symbolically,theskinofthepractitioner'sbodymay

Chöd        

   

Definition:    Tibetan:    to  sever,  is  a  spiritual  practice  found  primarily  in  Tibetan  Buddhism.    Also  known  as  "Cutting  Through  the  Ego,"  the  practice  is  based  on  the  Prajñāpāramitā  or  "Perfection  of  Wisdom"  sutras  that  expound  the  "emptiness"  concept  of  Buddhist  philosophy.  According  to  Mahayana  Buddhists,  emptiness  is  the  ultimate  wisom  of  understanding  that  all  things  lack  inherent  existence.  Chod  combines  prajñāpāramitā  philosophy  with  specific  meditation  methods  and  tantric  ritual.  The  chod  practitioner  seeks  to  tap  the  power  of  fear  through  activities  such  as  rituals  set  in  graveyards,  and  visualisation  of  offering  their  bodies  in  a  tantric  feast  in  order  to  put  their  understanding  of  emptiness  to  the  ultimate  test.    Background:    A  form  of  Chöd  was  practiced  in  India  by  Buddhist  mahāsiddhas  (meditators  with  superior  powers),  prior  to  the  10th  Century.  However,  Chöd  as  practiced  today  developed  from  the  entwined  traditions  of  the  early  Indian  tantric  practices  transmitted  to  Tibet  and  the  Bonpo    (indigenous  religious  of  Tibet)  and  Tibetan  Buddhist  lineages.    Chöd  developed  outside  the  monastic  system.  It  was  subsequently  adopted  by  the  four  main  schools  of  Tibetan  Buddhism.  

 The  Practice:    The  Chöd,  as  an  internalization  of  an  outer  ritual,  involves  a  form  of  self-­‐sacrifice:  the  practitioner  visualizes  their  own  body  as  the  offering  at  a  tantric  feast.  The  purpose  of  the  practice  is  to  engender  a  sense  of  victory  and  fearlessnes.      The  practitioner  may  cultivate  imaginary  fearful  or  painful  situations  since  they  help  the  

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practitioner's  work  of  cutting  through  attachment  to  the  self.  Machig  Labdrön  said:  "To  consider  adversity  as  a  friend  is  the  instruction  of  Chöd".    In  Chöd,  the  practitioner  symbolically  offers  the  flesh  of  his/her  body  in  a  form  of  gaṇacakra  or  tantric  feast.    Symbolically,  the  skin  of  the  practitioner's  body  may  represent  surface  reality  or  maya.  It  is  cut  from  bones  that  represent  the  true  reality  of  the  mindstream.  Traditionally,  Chöd  is  regarded  as  challenging,  potentially  dangerous  and  inappropriate  for  some  practitioners.  

 

Founder  of  Chöd:    Machig  Labdrön,  a  great  Tibetan  Yogini,  is  considered  the  founder  of  the  practice  of  Chöd  in  the  Tibetan  tradition.    Machig  Labdrön  is  credited  with  providing  the  name  "Chöd"  and  developing  unique  approaches  to  the  practice.  

As  a  symbol,  Machig  Labdrön  is  often  depicted  with  the  attributes  of  a  dakini,  a  representation  of  enlightened  female  energy.  She  holds  a  drum  in  her  right  hand  and  a  bell  in  her  left.  Her  right  leg  is  often  lifted  and  the  standing  left  leg  is  bent  in  motion.  Symbolically,  Machig  is  white  in  color  with  three  eyes  and  wears  the  Six  Bone  Ornaments  of  the  charnel  grounds,  which  is  traditional  for  a  practicing  yogini.  Dakinis  wear  5  bone  ornaments;  they  are  themselves  the  wisdom  pāramitā.  

 

 

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According  to  tradition,  it  was  the  great  Indian  Yogi,  Mönlam  Drub's  mindstream  which  entered  the  womb  of  Bum  Cham  ("Great  Noble  Woman"),  who  lived  in  the  area  of  Labchi  Eli  Gangwar  in  Tibet,  which  caused  the  birth  of  Machig.  According  to  the  biography  of  Machig  that  appears  in  Tsultrim  Allione's  work  Women  of  Wisdom,  her  mother  experienced  auspicious  dreams  of  dakinis  shortly  after  conception.      

As  a  child  and  young  woman,  Machig  made  a  living  as  a  liturgy  reader.  She  was  fortunate  to  be  literate  and  patrons  would  hire  her  to  read  the  Prajnaparamita  Sutra  or  'The  Perfection  of  Wisdom',  a  Mahayana  Sutra,  in  their  homes  as  a  form  of  blessing  and  to  gain  merit.  Machig  was  known  to  be  a  fast  reader  and  so  was  in  much  demand  as  this  meant  that  she  could  complete  the  entire  text  quickly  and  her  patrons  would  have  to  pay  for  fewer  meals  for  her  while  she  read.  

The  Secret  Biography  of  Machig  Labdron  relates  the  struggles  that  she  underwent  in  order  to  avoid  traditional  marriage  and  eventually  left  home  to  practice  the  Dharma  as  her  life's  calling.  After  leaving  the  monastic  order  in  Yuchong,  she  married  Indian  Pandita  Topa  Draya,  also  a  Buddhist  practitioner,  who  supported  Machig  in  her  practices.  Together,  they  had  two  sons  and  one  daughter  (or  three  sons  and  two  daughters  by  some  accounts).    

Some  say  that  Machig  received  instructions  from  Pha  Dampa  Sangye,  the  reincarnation  of  Padmasambhava  which  led  to  profound  realizations.  However,  for  several  years  Machig's  main  practice  was  one  of  tantric  union  with  her  spiritual  consort  and  husband,  Topabhadra,  an  emanation  of  Buddha  Shakyamuni  (according  to  a  prediction  given  to  Machig  by  Arya  Tara),  with  whom  she  raised  a  family,  living  the  "Red  &  White  essence."  

As  written  above,  athough  Machig  spent  some  time  living  with  monastics,  she  was  not  a  celibate  nun;  she  partnered  and  had  both  daughters  and  sons  who  became  lineage  holders.  One  of  her  sons  even  started  out  as  a  thief.  Machig  was  eventually  able  to  bring  him  to  the  Dharma  and  became  his  teacher:  "You  may  think  that  Gods  are  the  ones  who  give  you  benefits,  and  Demons  cause  damage;  but  it  may  be  the  other  way  round.  Those  who  cause  pain  teach  you  to  be  patient,  and  those  who  give  you  presents  may  keep  you  from  practising  the  Dharma.  So  it  depends  on  their  effect  on  you  if  they  are  Gods  or  Demons,"  she  said.  Machig  also  had  female  disciples  and  the  four  main  women  disciples  were  called  Machig's  Gyen,  or  Ornaments.