CHBE 571 Flow and Transport in Porous

Media I

Geology, Chemistry and Physics of Fluid Transport

4:00-5:30 PM M&W

with make-up on Friday

Syllabus

• Chapter 1 Subsurface Macro Structure – Depositional environments

Alterations • Chapter 2 Subsurface Micro Structure

– Rock and soil minerals DiagenesisMorphology of the pore spaceMineral surface chemistry

• Chapter 3 Rock Properties – Grain size distribution

Pore shape Pore size distribution Surface area Porosity Effect of stressPermeability

Syllabus• Chapter 4 Volumetric Flux: Darcy's Law

– D' Arcy's original experiments Flow potential Permeability tensor Permeability micro-heterogeneity Permeability anisotropy Darcy's law from momentum balance Non darcy flow

• Chapter 5 Multiphase Pore Fluid Distribution – Capillarity

Nonwetting phase trapping Hysteresis Capillary desaturation Normalized saturation for relative permeability and capillary pressure Relative permeability models Three phase relative permeability Measurement methods

• Chapter 6 Conservation Equations for Multiphase-Multicomponent Flow Through Porous Media

– Fluxes in isothermal flow Mass balance Definitions and constitutive equations for isothermal flow Special cases Overall material balance

Syllabus• Chapter 7 Two Phase, One Dimensional Displacement

– Dimensionless and normalized variables Trajectories in distance-time space Definition of waves Mass balance across shock Average saturation and recovery efficiency Effect of gravity on displacement Relation between mobility ratio and gravity number on displacement Gravity drainage Interference of waves

• Chapter 8 1-D, Multiphase-Multicomponent Displacement – Overall Concentration and Fractional Flow

Differential Equations Concepts Concentration Velocities in Multicomponent Systems Self-Similar Solutions Example with Two Dependent Variables Shock CO2 + Decane System Surfactant Flooding

• Chapter 9 Ion Exchange with Clays – Equilibrium and Electroneutrality Relations

Relationship between Composition of Electrolyte Solution and of Clays Ion Exchange Waves Calculation of Route, Profile, and HistoryIon Exchange with Surfactant and Clays

Subsurface Macro Structure

Depositional EnvironmentsFundamental Mechanism for Grain Size Sorting

Eolian Deposits

Glacial Sediments

Alluvial Fans

Fluvial or River Deposits

Delta Sedimentation

Barrier Islands

Continental Shelf and Slope

Submarine Canyons and Turbidites

Facies • igneous • metamorphic • sedimentary

– carbonate facies – shaly facies – sandstone facies

• deltaic facies• turbidite facies• deep water facies; pelagic sediments

– Siliceous ooze– Calcareous ooze– Marine clay

– evaporite facies

Depositional Environments

Fundamental Mechanism for Grain Size Sorting

3

2

4

36

2

9

buoyance

drag

F R g

F R v

v R g

Stokes Law

Re < 1

Eolian Deposits

Glacial Sediments

Alluvial Fans

Fluvial or River Deposits

Schematic representation of a fining-upward

sequence deposited in a meandering river

Delta Sedimentation

Fluvial channel sand in clay-rich delta

Barrier Islands

Continental Shelf and Slope

Turbidite Formations

Bouma model for turbidites

Vertical sequence through a submarine fan

Carbonate Facies

Carbonate Facies in a Reef

Alterations (Macroscopic)

Compaction

Buoyancy

Fracturing

Faulting

Buoyancy

Fracturing

Faulting

Stratigraphy

structure map

Cross sections

Lithostratigraphic column through the Dan Field

Asg. 1.1 Subsurface migration of DNAPL

Attached is a contour map of the aquitard (confining formation at the base of an aquifer at Operable Unit No. 2 in Hill Air Force Base in Utah. The ground level is approximately 4694 ft. The water table is seasonal and can vary from 20 to 30 ft below the ground surface. Disposal trenches in the vicinity of U2-33 was used to dispose unknown quantities of trichloroethylene (TCE) bottoms from the solvent recovery unit and sludge from the vapor degreasers from 1967 to 1975. Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) has been found in a number of wells and borings. Suppose 6 ft of DNAPL was discovered in U2-635. Shade in the areas of the contour map where pools of DNAPL can be expected to be pooled. Also using the attached graph, prepare a plot of a cross-section along the deepest part of the channel. Plot the following: (1) elevation of the aquitard, (2) elevation of the expected DNAPL pools, and (3) location of wells along the deepest part of the channel where DNAPL is expected. Shade the intervals expected to be saturated by DNAPL in these wells.

Permeability and DNAPL Saturation Logs

Geologic Time Scale

Seismic Stratigraphy

Hydrogeology

Ground Water

Migration and Accumulation of Hydrocarbon

Migration and Accumulation of Hydrocarbon