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Chase High School
Job Requirements
Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma.
About 20% of careers in agriscience (including animal science) requires college degrees.
Job Requirements
Some positions, such as a veterinarian, require a 4-year college degree plus an advanced degree and special training in addition to the college degree.
Veterinarians
Perform highly technical tasks such as embryo transfers.
Veterinarians treat and control diseases as well as treat injuries.
Starting Place
The high school agriculture class is a good place to begin career prep.
Employment
The largest number of new employment positions in agriscience is expected to be scientists and engineers.
What types of careers in animal science deal with scientists?
Small Animal Industry
The industry is expanding greatly! What all are small animals used for?
PetsAnimal researchFood Fur
Small Animal Industry
Technicians and growers are needed for:KennelsPet storesAnimal hospitals***Often requires college training***
Equine Industry
Expanding as the interest in horses for pleasure and show increases.
Farriers are needed to shoe and care for horses’ feet.
Terminology
Sow: term for a mature adult female in pork production
Gilt: term for an immature female in the swine industry.
Terminology
Barrow: term for castrated male in pork production.
Boar: non castrated male pig.
Digestive System of Swine Swine are monogastric, which means
they have one stomach compartment.
Basically have the same digestive system as a human.
Pork Production
The swine industry has changed greatly from the lard type hogs to lean type hog in demand today.
Types of Swine Operation Feeder-pig producers
Market-hog producers
Purebred producers
Produce high-quality boars to:Improve the genetic makeup of one breed of
swine.Purebred boars bred to crossbred sows
increase hybrid vigor
Yorkshire
They exhibit a long, big frame and are white with erect ears.
Chester White
Solid white, these pigs have medium sized, droopy ears.
Berkshire and Landrace
Berkshire: Black with six white points (nose, tail, and legs)
Landrace: They have very large, floppy ears, are long-bodied
Cattle Terminology Calf: baby cow Heifer: immature female cow Steer: castrated male cow Bull: non-castrated male cow Cow: mature female cattle
Digestive System
Cows and sheep are ruminants, which means they have four stomach compartments.
Ruminants can tolerate more roughage in the diet.
Angus
A black breed of cattle known for excellent meat quality.
Hereford
Red with a white face
Shorthorn
Have been used in the bloodlines of more than 30 recognized breeds of beef cattle
Exotic breeds
Imported into the U.S. when consumers began demanding leaner meat.
They have calves that grow faster than English breeds.
Charolais and Limousin
Simmental
American breeds
Developed to withstand the heat and resistance to disease and parasites in the South and Southwest.
American breeds resulted from crossing Brahman cattle from India with English breeds.
American Breeds
The result was increased heat tolerance and disease and parasite resistance of Brahman and the meat quality of the English breeds.
Holstein
90% of dairy cattle in the U.S. are Holstein.
Known for their black and white markings.
Other Breeds
Guernsey
Jersey
Ayrshire
Poultry Terminology
Rooster: male chicken
Hen: female chicken
Chick: baby chicken
Digestive System
Poultry have no true stomachs and can only store small amounts of food in its digestive system.
Digestive System
Chickens have no teeth. Food is swallowed whole, stored in the crop, and passed on to the gizzard where it is crushed and ground up.
Rations must be high in food value.
Poultry
Chicken are classified as layers or broilers.
Layers
Chickens developed to produce huge numbers of eggs.
White Leghorn chickens are popular layers.
Broilers
Broilers are young chickens grown for their meat.
Example: Cornish
Bantam
Miniature versions of standards breeds.
Used primarily for show
Turkeys
90% of turkeys grown commercially are Broad-Breasted White.
Tools
Candling Light: used to view the interior of eggs to detect blood spots.
Artificial Vagina: to collect semen from male animals.
Tools
Insemination straw: for the disposition of semen into the female.
Rectal thermometer: used to take the temperature of animals.
Tools
Syringe: used to give injections or draw body fluids.
“V” notcher: used to notch the ears of swine for identification
Water and Protein
Water regulates body temp., dissolves and transports nutrients.
Protein builds muscle
Carbohydrates
Provides energy for animals Makes up about 75% of most animal
rations. Corn and other cereal grains are the
major source of carbohydrates.
Minerals
Calcium is one of the major minerals and is found in ground limestone.
Calcium in needed in poultry feed for eggshell development.
Minerals are supplied by mineral supplements and are a primary aid in the development of bones and teeth.
Vitamins and Fats
Vitamins are needed by animals in minute quantities to help all body functions. Vitamins also help prevent many livestock disease.
Only small amounts of fat are required.
Concentrates
Low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients (TDN).Cereal grains are the major source of most
concentrates.Other sources include byproducts of grain
and animals.
Roughages
High in fiber and low in TDNDry roughage is hayGreen roughage includes the pasture
grasses.Silage is a roughage that results from
storage and fermentation of green crops.