Charismatic, Transactional, and Transformational Leadership

Charismatic Power

Self-confidence Vision Ability to articulate the vision Strong convictions about the vision Behavior that is out of the ordinary Change agent Environmental sensitivity

Charismatic Leaders

I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too.

"Never give in--never, never, never, never, in nothing great or small, large or petty, never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.''

Max Weber

Adapted theological concept of charisma to leadership in general

– Extraordinariness bestowed by followers, rather than God

Five requirements:– Extraordinary gifts– A crisis– A radical solution to the crisis– Followers who believe in a link, through

leader, to transcendent powers– Validation through repeated success

Conger and Kanungo

Charisma is attributed to leaders by followers Depends on both leader attributes and the

situation Leader behaviors

– Vision of change (within limits)– Self-sacrificing, risk-taking– Confidence– Environmental sensitivity

Other Approaches

The Psychodynamic approach– Followers idolize or worship

charismatic leader– Leader takes on followers’

unexpressed guilt, fears, etc. Social Contagion

– Personal identification with leader– Followers adopt symbols to set

themselves apart from others– Identification spreads in manner of

fashions or fads

Transformational and Transactional Leadership

Transactional leadership…..– Clarify task and role requirements– Provide structure and rewards– Meet subordinates’ social needs

Transformational leadership….– Broadens and elevates subordinates’ interests– Promotes awareness and acceptance of a shared vision– Moves employees to pursue the best interests of the

organization

Becoming a Transformational Leader: The Four I’s

Idealized Influence– Serving as a role model

Inspirational Motivation– Encouraging subordinates to challenge processes and

impart meaning to work

Intellectual Stimulation– Fostering subordinates’ sense of creativity and innovation

Individual Consideration– Attending and responding to individual needs