Charges of Calcium and Nitrogen Ions

FeAT Practice

Strand A: The Nature of Matter

Benchmark: SC.A.1.4.1 The student knows that the electron

configuration in atoms determines how a substance reacts and how much

energy is involved in its reactions. CS; MC, GR

~:~~~le0 Why are there two nitrate ions in Ca(N03)2 ?Charges of Calcium and Nitrogen Ions

Calcium

Nitrate

Ca2+

NO3

+2

-1

g

g·c'"c.Eo'-'

A. to balance the charge of the compound

B. to balance the amount of calcium in the compound

c. to increase the amount of oxygen in the compoundD. to remove the amount of calcium that is in the

compound

Gridded

Response

f) A silver ion (Ag+) has a charge of + 1 anda sulfur ion (S2-)has a charge of -2. Whatis the charge of the X ion in the compoundAg3XS3?

Grade 11 • 1

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.1 The student knows that the electron



MultipleChoice o Due to the number of electrons in the outer energy

level, which of the following is least likely to react withanother substance?

A. calcium (Ca)

B. cobalt (Co)

C. lithium (Li)

D. titanium (Ti)

Gridded

Response

e If an atom has two electrons in its outerenergy level and is relatively reactive, inwhat group of the periodic table does it fit?

Grade 11 • 2

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.2 The student knows that the vast diversity of

the properties of materials is primarily due to variations in the forces thathold molecules together. CS; MCAlso covers: A.IA.S

Multiple f) Which of the following compounds represents an ionicChoice

bond?

F. carbon dioxide (C02)

G. sodium flouride (NaFI)

H. ammonia (NH3)

I. hydroxide (OH):2'".~Co(.)

MultipleChoice o Salt, or sodium chloride (NaCI), is an important ionic

compound. Without it our cells could not communicateor maintain shape. Which of the following describes anionic compound like salt?

A. Its bond is the result of the sharing of valence electrons.B. Its bond is the result of the weak nuclear force in the

metal.

C. Its bond is the result of the metal giving up electronsto the non-metal.

D. Its bond is the result of the non-metal giving upelectrons to the metal.

Grade 11 • 3

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.2 The student knows that the vast diversity ofthe properties of materials is primarily due to variations in the forces thathold molecules together. CS; MCAlso covers: A.IA.5

because the resulting compound is at a lower energylevel

because the resulting compound lost protonsbecause the atoms are of conductive material

MultipleChoice

MultipleChoice

o Two atoms repel each other with positive charges, yetthey are close enough that their electron clouds overlap.Which statement best describes these atoms?

A. They are covalently bound.

B. They will soon move apart quickly.

C. They are two ions of the same charge.

D. They are held together by the strong nuclear force.

e When a bond is formed between atoms, the bonded unitbecomes more stable than the original atoms. Why isenergy normally released when the atoms bond?

F. because the two atoms share two electrons

G.

H.

I.

Grade 11 • 4

FeAT PracticeStrand A: The Nature of Matter

Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.3 The student knows that a change from onephase of matter to another involves a gain or loss of energy. CS; MC, GR

MultipleChoice o As energy is added to a substance at its boiling point, the

temperature of the substance remains constant. What ishappening to the energy?

A. It is immediately released as thermal energy.

B. It increases the kinetic energy and causes a phase change.

C. It flows out of the substance and decreases the kinetic

energy of its molecules.

D. It flows out of the substance and increases the kinetic

energy, causing a phase change.

5.0

8.3

15.0

20.8

2400

3984

7200

9984

e Specific heat is the amount of energy required toincrease the temperature of one gram of asubstance by one degree Celsius. Shelly wants todetermine the specific heat of hot chocolate. Shemeasures and records how much energy is putinto 400 grams of hot chocolate to raise itstemperature to, but not beyond, the boilingpoint.What is the specific heat of hot chocolate? Giveyour answer in joules per degree Celsius per gram.

Energy Required to Heat 400 grams of Hot Chocolate

Gridded

Response

Grade 11 • 5

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.3 The student knows that a change from one

phase of matter to another involves a gain or loss of energy. CS; MC, GR

MultipleChoice o Which of the following is NOT true of the phases of a

particular substance?

A. A solid has less kinetic energy than a gas.

B. A liquid has more kinetic energy than a gas.

C. A gas has more kinetic energy than a liquid.

D. A liquid has more kinetic energy than a solid.

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Gridded

Response

e Jiwhan takes the temperature of anunknown substance as it is heated. He

notices two plateaus. The graph belowillustrates the data collected.

5 10 15 20

Time (in minutes)

In degrees Celsius, what is the boiling point ofthe unknown substance?

Grade 11 • 6

FeAT Practice

Strand'A: The Nature of Matter

Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.4 The student experiments and determines

that the rates of reaction among atoms and molecules depend on the

concentration, pressure, and temperature of the reactants and the presenceor absence of catalysts. AA; Me, GR, SR

MultipleChoice o Kara wants to do several experiments to see if she

can speed up the rate of iron rusting. Which of thefollowing would NOT cause an increased reaction rate?

A. decreasing the size of the iron particles

B. decreasing the amount of carbon in the air

c. introducing a catalyst to the reaction vessel

D. increasing the atmospheric pressure on the iron

648 hours

216 hours

72 hours

Large Rocks (15-20 centimeters)

Small Rocks (7-1 0 centimeters)

Gravel (3-5 centimeters)

e The table below shows data collected bya geologist interested in how limestone isdissolved by acid rain at different particlesizes. She found that each time the particlesize in a given weight of limestone isdecreased, the reaction rate is tripled. Howmany times faster does limestone graveldissolve than the large rocks?

Gridded

Response

1::0>

.~Q.oU

Grade 11 • 7

FeAT PracticeStrand A: The Nature of Matter

Benchmark: SC.A.l.4.4 The student experiments and determines that

the rates of reaction among atoms and molecules depend on the

concentration, pressure, and temperature of the reactants and the presenceor absence of catalysts. AA; Me, GR, SR

E0>

.~co'-'

MultipleChoice o Oven cleaner often is made with sodium hydroxide

(NaOH), a strong base which chemically removesbaked-on deposits. Why are many oven cleanersdesigned to work at high temperatures?

A. Sodium hydroxide will react quicker if used at a lowtemperature.

B. Sodium hydroxide reacts much quicker at hightemperatures.

c. Sodium hydroxide is not soluble at lower temperaturesand cannot work until dissolved.

D. Sodium hydroxide is more soluble at low temperaturesand will be diluted at high temperatures.

If a catalyst were added to the reaction, what effect willit have on the energy, and how would this change thegraph below?

Chemical Reaction

>..~a> Reactants ~Hreactiont::W

Products

Reaction rate

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.1 The student knows that the number and

configuration of electrons will equal the number of protons in an

electrically neutral atom and when an atom gains or loses electrons, thecharge is unbalanced. CS; MC, GR

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.~a.o(.)

MultipleChoice

Gridded

Response

o Sodium (Na) has 21 protons in its nucleus. Howmany electrons does it have?

A. 11

B. 20

c. 21

D. 31

e Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26.A normal iron ion has 23 electrons.

What is the iron ion's charge?

Grade 11 • 9

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.1 The student knows that the number and

configuration of electrons will equal the number of protons in an

electrically neutral atom and when an atom gains or loses electrons, thecharge is unbalanced. CS; Me, GR

MultipleChoice o Oxygen (0) is an element found in our atmosphere. It

has an atomic mass of 16. Atoms gain or lose electronsso that they have eight electrons in their outer shell.Normally oxygen does this by forming a molecule, O2.

What is this oxygen ion's charge?

A. -2B. -1C. +1

D. +2

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.~o'-'

Gridded

Response

e The potassium (K) atom is located in group1A on the periodic table of elements. Howmany electrons does an electrically neutralpotassium atom have in its outer energy level?

Grade 11 • 10

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.2 The student knows the difference between

an element, a molecule, and a compound. CS; MC

MultipleChoice o In the following single displacement reaction, how

many compounds are involved as a reactant or product?The reactants of the reaction are zinc (Zn) andhydrochloride (HCI). The products of the reaction arehydrogen and zinc chloride (ZnCI).

Zn + 2HCI --+- H2 + ZnCI2

A. The compound reactant is hydrochloride and thereare no compound products.

B. The compound reactant is hydrochloride and thecompound product is zinc chloride.

C. The compound reactants are zinc and hydrochlorideand the compound product is zinc chloride.

D. The compound reactants are zinc and hydrochlorideand the compound products are hydrogen andzinc chloride.

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.~oC>

Multiple e Which of the following elements is not a metal?Choice

F. antimony (Sb)

G. gold (Au)

H. radon (R)

I. rhenium (Rh)

Grade 11 • 11

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.2 The student knows the difference between

an element, a molecule, and a compound. CS; MC

:EC>

.~a.o(.)

MultipleChoice

MultipleChoice

o In photosynthesis, one molecule of carbon dioxide(C02) combines with one molecule of water (H20).What is the product?

A. a new sugar Ion

B. a new sugar atom

C. a new sugar element

D. a new sugar molecule

e Leaving iron outside for long periods of time results inrust. The following reaction occurs when iron rusts:

4Fe + 302 --- 2Fe203

The reactants in this reaction are iron (Fe) and oxygen(0). The product in this reaction is ferric oxide or ironoxide (Fe203). Which term best defines ferric oxide?F. atom

G. compoundH. element

I. isotope

Grade 11 • 12

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.3 The student knows that a number of elements

have heavier, unstable nuclei that decay, spontaneously giving off smaller

particles and waves that result in a small loss of mass and release a largeamount of energy. CS; MCAlso covers: A.2.4.4

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MultipleChoice

MultipleChoice

o During uranium (D) fission, a neutron is absorbed intothe uranium atom, causing it to split into smallerkrypton (Kr) and barium (Ba) atoms. The result is twoatoms and three neutrons that have a combined mass

that is smaller than the original uranium atom. Whichof the following explains why there is a loss of mass?

A. The mass is burned up in the explosion.

B. The mass loss is still an unexplained phenomenon.

C. The mass is converted into large amounts of energy.

D. The mass is passed on to other atoms outside thereaction.

e Alpha decay is one way that larger unstable elementsbecome stable. During alpha decay, an alpha particle isemitted. This transforms the original element into a

smaller, more stable element. An alpha particle has twoprotons and two neutrons. Which of the followingelements must be the alpha particle?

F. helium

G. hydrogenH. lithium

I. oxygenGrade 11 • 13

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.3 The student knows that a number of

elements have heavier, unstable nuclei that decay, spontaneously giving off

smaller particles and waves that result in a small loss of mass and release

a large amount of energy. CS; MCAlso covers: A.2,4,4

~on'"

"E:'"Q.Eo'-'

E0>

.~Q.o'-'

MultipleChoice

MultipleChoice

o In the Sun, and in most stars, most atoms start out ashydrogen (H) or helium (He). The Sun's energy isproduced by atoms under pressure from the absorptionof lighter atoms and by the production of heavier atoms.What phenomenon is this?

A. nuclear energy

B. nuclear explosionC. nuclear fission

D. nuclear fusion

e Potassium-40 is often used to date rocks and theirformations. When potassium-40 decays, it becomesargon-40. What property of this potassium isotopemakes it a good choice for radiometric dating?

F. It undergoes nuclear fusion at a very fast rate.

G. It undergoes nuclear fission at a very slow rate.

H. It undergoes nuclear fission at a steady, predictable rate.

I. It undergoes nuclear fusion at a steady, predictable rate .

Grade 11 • 14

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.5 The student knows that elements are

arranged into groups and families based on similarities in electron

structure and that their physical and chemical properties can be predicted.AA; Me

MultipleChoice o Pure sodium (Na) is very soft and reacts violently with

water and many other substances. Which element belowis the most similar in its properties to sodium?

A. beryllium (Be)

B. hydrogen (H)

C. lithium (Li)

D. magnesium (Mg)

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Multiple eChoice Noble gases are in the same group in the periodic table.What do noble gases have in common?

F. They are the only non-metal gases.

G. They are the only gases not found on Earth.

H. They form ions by either losing or gaining an electron.

I. They were thought to not combine with otherelements.

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.5 The student knows that elements are

arranged into groups and families based on similarities in electron

structure and that their physical and chemical properties can be predicted.AA; Me

.c0>

.§;.,a.o()

MultipleChoice

MultipleChoice

o All the elements in the periodic group that includescarbon (C) form ions with the same charge and formthe same number of covalent bonds. How many bondscan the atoms in this group form?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

f) Which group in the periodic table is the mostchemically reactive?

F. Group 1

G. Group 2

H. Group 17

I. Group 18

Grade 11 • 16

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.6 The student understands that matter may act

as a wave, a particle, or something else entirely different with its owncharacteristic behavior. CS; MC

MultipleChoice o Electromagnetic radiation moves through space in wave form,

which we can measure. How can we use this information?

A to rearrange electrons in atoms

B. to classify the different radiations

C. to remove the energy from the radiation

D. to convert the radiation to nuclear energy

MultipleChoice e Based on the electromagnetic radiation spectrum shown

below, which of the following is a valid conclusion?

F. Radio waves have a higher frequency than X rays.

G. X rays have a greater frequency than microwaves .

H. Visible light has a shorter frequency than ultraviolet light.

I. Microwaves have shorter wavelengths than ultravioletwaves.

Gamma Rays:iU!t &11"

mil"X Rayspilliii

Ultraviolet

Microwaves1_:

Wavelength (meters)

Electromagnetic Radiation SpectrumVisible

Radio Waves'111.1 __

, I

103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 1021 1024

Frequency (Hz)10°

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Grade 11 • 17

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.2.4.6 The student understands that matter may act

as a wave, a particle, or something else entirely different with its owncharacteristic behavior. CS; Me

'"'"'c

""0-Eo'-'

-'=C>

.;::5:o'-'

MultipleChoice

MultipleChoice

o Electrons hit a detecting source like particles. As theyarrive at certain detectors, they make wave-like patterns.Which statement describes the nature of electrons?

A. They are invisible charges mistaken for waves.

B. They are invisible phenomena that are actually waves.

C They are invisible phenomena that are actually particles.

D. They are invisible phenomena acting as waves and asparticles.

e The photoelectric effect occurs when light hits a metalsurface and electrons are emitted from that surface.

Metal plate

Which of the following is true?

F. Light acts as waves only.

G. Light acts as particles only.

H. Light acts as waves and particles.

I. Light acts as undifferentiated energy.

Grade 11 • 18

FeAT Practice


Benchmark: SC.A.1.4.1 The student knows that the electron



~:~~~le0 Why are there two nitrate ions in Ca(N03)2 ?Charges of Calcium and Nitrogen Ions

Calcium

Nitrate

Ca2+

NO3

+2

-1

g

g·c'"c.Eo'-'

A. to balance the charge of the compound

B. to balance the amount of calcium in the compound

c. to increase the amount of oxygen in the compoundD. to remove the amount of calcium that is in the

compound

Gridded

Response

f) A silver ion (Ag+) has a charge of + 1 anda sulfur ion (S2-)has a charge of -2. Whatis the charge of the X ion in the compoundAg3XS3?

Grade 11 • 1

Documents

Charges of Calcium and Nitrogen Ions