Charcon Eco Countryside kerb - Aggregate Industries › sites › aiuk › files › atoms › ... · Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, ADP-elements kg Sb-eq 1.22

Charcon Eco Countryside® kerb EPD for precast concrete kerbs

Environmental Product Declaration in accordance with ISO v14025 and EN 15804: 2012 + A1: 2013United Kingdom

Edition 1, Revision 0: August 2016

Edition 1, Revision 1. October 2017EPD registration / declaration number S - P - 00920Declaration issued: 2016 - 08 - 25Valid until: 2021 - 08 - 25

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EPD (Environmental Product Declarations) are of increasing significance in the construction sector, for this reason Aggregate Industries is seeking to expand the number of products with such information and to make this freely available in a way that is both scientifically credible and useful to the market.

OVERVIEW

The terms A1 – A3 refer to the specific modules in the EN 15804: 2012 + A1: 2013 standard, essentially this means that the information in this EPD is for the ‘cradle to gate’ part of the life cycle.

As customers procure Eco Countryside kerbs in packs and per linear metre the following table can be used to interpolate the per cubic metre data to kerbs and square metres.

Parameter Unit A1-A3

Global warming potential, GWP (100 years) kg CO2-eq 5.03 E2

Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer, ODP kg CFC-11eq 3.13 E-5

Acidification potential of land and water, AP kg SO2-eq 2.90 E0

Eutrophication potential, EP kg PO43-eq 1.49 E0

Formation potential of tropospheric ozone, POCP kg ethene-eq 8.66 E-2

Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, ADP-elements kg Sb-eq 1.22 E-3

Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources, ADP-fossil fuels MJ 2.81 E3

Conversion table for Eco Countryside kerb (L: 914mm x H: 255mm x W: 145mm)

1m3 (data presented) 29.26 kerbs 26.74 linear meters

ECO COUNTRYSIDE KERB

5.07E2 = 5.07 x 102 = 507

3.45E-2 = 3.46 x 10-2 = 0.0346

EPD FOR ECO COUNTRYSIDE KERBwww.aggregate.com


Aggregate Industries has taken many steps towards embedding sustainability and good environmental practice into the business. Aggregate Industries has certification to global management system standards for quality (ISO 9001), environment (ISO 14001) and health and safety (OHSAS 18001). Aggregate Industries was also the first company to be certified to the BRE BES 6001 Framework Standard for the Responsible Sourcing of Construction Products.

As a responsible organisation Aggregate Industries has also made available all relevant CE marking and Declaration of Performance certificates on its website. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is another area of growth that Aggregate Industries is developing. Over time it is envisaged that data such as this EPD will become integrated into BIM objects to further promote sustainable construction.

This EPD covers the raw material supply, transport and manufacturing of the Eco Countryside kerb from the precast concrete factory at Hulland Ward, Derbyshire. This EPD has been third party verified against the International EPD® System by Chris Foster from EuGeos.

This document is a revision of Edition 1 (publication date August 2016), following the update of the LCA tool and its background data, and small changes to product composition.

The environmental impacts are summarised below for 1 cubic metre (1m3) of Eco Countryside kerb product:

03

1. GENERAL OVERVIEW

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION (EPD) FOR ECO COUNTRYSIDE® KERB - GENERAL INFORMATION

Manufacturer: Aggregate Industries UK Ltd.

Programme used: The International EPD® System. For more information see www.environdec.com Programme Operator: EPD International AB, Stockholm, Sweden

EPD registration number/declaration number: S-P-00920 ECO EPD registration number: 00000393

Product category rules (PCR) identification: The International EPD® System: UN CPC 375 Concrete 2013:02 Version 1.02. The LCA was performed using the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) – Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) LCA tool v1.3 (developed by Quantis).

Product/product family name and manufacturer represented: Eco Countryside kerb, CPC code 375.3754.37540. Aggregate Industries.

Declaration Revision 0 issued 2016 - 08 - 25

Declaration Revision 1 Issued 2017 - 10 - 31 valid until 2021 - 08 - 25

Owner of the declaration: Aggregate Industries UK Ltd, Bardon Hall, Copt Oak Road, Markfield, Leicestershire LE67 9PJ.

EPD Prepared by: Paul McCaffrey, Sustainable Products Manager for Aggregate Industries. Scope: The LCA is based on 2016 production data for Hulland Ward factory, Derbyshire and specific data for the production of Eco Countryside kerb. This EPD covers information modules A1 to A3 (cradle to gate) as defined in EN 15804: 2012 + A1: 2013.

The declared unit is 1m3 of Eco Countryside kerb. The assumed density is 2367 kg/m3.

1.1 Additional information about EPD

This EPD provides information concerning the production of Eco Countryside kerb only. This information can be used as an input for an assessment of a specific application of Eco Countryside kerb precast concrete with regard to its entire life cycle.

Precast concrete kerbs are manufactured to BS EN 1340:2003; declared performance characteristics are; breaking strength, skid resistance, durability and reaction to fire. As a harmonised European standard is available for this product it is CE marked and a declaration of performance is available on the Aggregate Industries website.

CEN standard EN 15804: 2012 + A1: 2013 serves as the core PCRa referenced in UN CPC 375 Concrete 2013:02 Version 1.02 from the International EPD® system

Independent verification of the declaration, according to EN ISO 14025:2010 Internal External

Third party verifierb: Chris Foster, EuGeos: Approved by the International EPD® System

a Product Category Rules b Optional for business-to-business communication; mandatory for business to consumer communication (see EN ISO 14025:2010, 9.4)



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2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

2.1 Product identification and usage

Precast Concrete is a composite material manufactured through the mixing of cement, aggregates (and reinforcement where required), water and additives in various proportions and then placed into a mould and pressed.

Some precast products require secondary processing which can consist of washing and texturing, the finished products are delivered to the market on flat bed articulated lorries.

Kerbs are designed to help separate areas used by pedestrians and cyclists from vehicles and are used extensively for this purpose. Specialist EcoCountryside® cycle kerbs are used throughout London on the Cycle Superhighway and have been designed with the cyclists in mind with a special chamfered edge. Other uses include the use of wide top kerbs to form planters in pedestrianised zones for their aesthetic appearance.

2.2 Product manufacturing

The main steps in precast concrete production process are:

• Raw material supply and storage

• Raw material preparation

• Mixing, pressing and finishing

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR CONCRETE PRODUCT MANUFACTURING PLANTS

Block / kerb / flag making machine

Product curing chamber

WeighBelt

AggregateBins

Cement &GGBS - PFA silos

Cementitiousmaterials tanker

Outfeed Slat Conveyor Packing Line

STOCK YARD

WaterPigment & Admixtures Screw

Conveyors

MAINFACTORYBUILDING

Load and Despatch

InclinedConveyorNumber 1

GroundHopper

LoadingShovel

SECONDARY PROCESSING

(OPTIONAL)Washing, Grinding,

Shot Blasting, Spliting, etc.

Products packed / banded /shrink wrapped

InclinedConveyorNumber 2

BatchHopper

ConcreteMixer

WeighHopper

Process flow diagram for concrete product manufacturing plants

Aggregate Storage Bays Pigment and Admixtures



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2.2.1 Raw material preparation

Raw materials are delivered to the production site by road. Aggregates are stored in bays which are then transferred to the mixing plant. Other raw materials such as pigments and cementitious materials are held in silos and added at the mixing stage.

2.2.2 Mixing

The ingredients are blended in a mechanical mixer and then placed into a mould. Pressure is exerted to compact the concrete into the mould whilst under vibration. Automated robots then stack the precast products for curing/stock or secondary processing. Electricity is the primary energy source for precast concrete manufacture.

2.2.3 Curing and secondary processing

Manufactured product is then cured in a heated area of the factory; this allows the concrete to reach a specific strength prescribed by British Standards, achieved at 28 days. Products can also be secondary processed; this can involve washing, shot blasting, grinding or splitting, Eco Countryside kerb is shot blasted.

2.3 Scope

This EPD covers only Eco Countryside kerb made at Hulland Ward, Derbyshire.

This EPD is established for modules A1, A2 & A3 (X = included in LCA, MNA = module not assessed).

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A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D

X X X MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA MNA



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3. LCA

3.1 Information sources and data quality

All core data required for this EPD has been collected from the Hulland Ward factory for the year 2016. Company and production specific data is applied in the foreground system of the LCA.

The foreground data has been collected on site and validated based on mass balances. Data collection was performed iteratively to ensure high quality of data. Background data applied in the LCA has been obtained from the Ecoinvent (v3.3) database within the WBCSD – CSI tool v1.3 for concrete and cement EPD. Electricity was considered applying data for the UK average energy mix 2016.

3.2 Estimations and methodology

3.2.1 Declared unit

The declared unit for the EPD is 1m3 of Eco Countryside kerb concrete leaving the factory gate.

3.2.2 Allocation procedures

All allocation is performed according to the PCR. As no co-products are produced, the flow of materials and energy and also the associated release of substances and energy into the environment are related exclusively to the concrete produced.

3.2.3 Specific product

Site level data is used where factory level data is not available. The inventory data of the specific product is based on a mass allocation of the total production from Factory A at Hulland Ward which exclusively makes this product. Absolute data was interpolated from electricity meters for the shifts where this product was made. Overhead impact data were available at a site level for waste, water and gas oil. The share of the burden for each product group was based on the percentage of production as a proportion of the site/factory production.

3.2.4 Impact assessment

The impact assessment is carried out within the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) LCA tool. This has been independently verified to EN 15804: 2012 Ref (S-P-00553)

3.3 Cut-off rules

All inputs and outputs to a unit process are included, with data gaps filled by assumptions with average or generic data. Where insufficient data or data gaps exist, cut-off criteria is 1% of renewable and non-renewable primary energy usage and 1% of total mass input of a unit process. The total neglected input flows for the stages cradle-to-construction shall be a maximum of 5% of energy use and mass. Calculations relating to capital equipment and infrastructure are not included unless they are significant. As such for the foreground process of precast production no cut-off was necessary. The LCA tool allows for a granular assessment which was the preferred option to Aggregate Industries.

3.4 Background data

Background data is based on a generic dataset (Ecoinvent v3.3: 2016) included in the WBCSD CSI LCA Tool. The background data is based on reviewed data from life cycle inventories. As all datasets are validated, the data quality for the entire study can be judged as very good.



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3.5 System boundaries

3.5.1 Technical system boundaries

The technical system boundaries are defined according to the provisions of the PCR. Primary raw material is accounted from the quarry, including all processes including transportation to the production facilities.

Secondary raw materials enter the system boundary when reaching the end-of-waste status, as defined in the EU Council Directive on Waste. Where secondary materials, or energy recovered from secondary fuels are used, the system boundary between the system under study and the previous system (providing the secondary materials) is set where outputs of the previous system, e.g. wastes, by-products, end-of-life material or waste energy, reach the end-of-waste state. For waste flows leaving the system under study and entering another system (e.g. because it is recycled or energy is recovered), the system boundary is also set at the end-of-waste state.

Energy used for personal transportation or domestic sewage treatment are not included in this study.

3.5.2 Geographical system boundaries

The geographical system boundary is the United Kingdom. All processes are valid for the Hulland Ward factory near Ashbourne, Derbyshire. Waste treatment processes are included based on average data built into the LCA tool.

3.5.3 Temporal system boundaries

All material flows of the processes are based on company and site specific data gathered for the year 2016. All background data originates from the Ecoinvent (v3.3) database.

3.6 Comparability

The EPD is established on the basis of the product category rules (PCR) for concrete published by The International EPD® System (UN CPC 375 2013:02 Version 1.02). The LCAs follow the standards ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006, as well as the provisions for environmental product declarations in the construction sector established in EN 15804: 2012 + A1: 2013. According to these standards, environmental product declarations do not compare the environmental performance of products in the construction sector. Any comparison of the declared environmental performance of products lies outside the scope of these standards. EPD within the same product category but from different programmes may not be comparable; EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they do not comply with EN 15804.

EPDs within the same product category but from different programmes may not be comparable. Further, any comparative interpretation of the declaration shall reflect the product’s application context in a building. There are a number of standards relating to the sustainability assessment of a building (these form the CEN TC 350 suite).

Aggregate substitute

Cementsubstitute

Aggregate extraction & processing

Cement manufacture

Admixtures(with production)

Electricity with pre-combustion

Abstracted &mains water

Gas oil(with production)

Waste recycled

Precast concrete

Waste to landfill

Waste componentsfor re-use

Block / kerb / flag making machine

Product curing chamber

Packing Line

WaterPigment & Admixtures

MAINFACTORYBUILDING

SECONDARY PROCESSING

(OPTIONAL)Washing, Grinding,

Shot Blasting, Spliting, etc.

Products packed / banded /shrink wrapped

BatchHopper

ConcreteMixer

WeighHopper



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3.7 Product constituents

The constituent materials in the Eco Countryside kerb concrete product are as below:

Material Mass Percentage

Grey cement – 15% - 20%

Secondary aggregates – 70%-80%

Copper slag – <10%

Hazard information

The use of materials likely to cause silicosis, such as natural silica sand and ground quartz type rocks, is restricted or completely banned in most industrial countries. The risk of contracting silicosis by inhaling the respirable dust produced from the materials used in the shot blasting process is high and silica sand is prohibited in the U.K. via The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999. Statutory Instrument Number 437.

COSHH data sheets are available upon request for Eco Countryside kerb products.

Within the European Union the following regulations are recommended to be used:

• Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European parliament and of the council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

• Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures

None of the constituent materials are covered under REACH regulation.

3.8 Technical characteristics

Further details of the product can be found on the CE marking and Declaration of Performance certificates available at www.aggregate.com

Essential characteristics Performance Harmonised techincal specification

Reaction to fire Deemed to satisfy Commission decision 96/603/EC

External fire performance Deemed to satisfy

EN 1340: 2003Emission of asbestos No content

Breaking strength Class 2

Slip/skid resistance Satisfactory

Thermal conductivity n/a EN 13369: 2004

Durability Class 3 EN 1340: 2003



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4. LCA RESULTS & INTERPRETATION

4.1 Results

Based on data from Hulland Ward, Derbyshire production facility data for the production of Eco Countryside kerb the following results were obtained. The declared unit is 1m3 of Eco Countryside kerb concrete.

Parameter – Environment impacts Unit A1-A3

Global warming potential, GWP (100 years) kg CO2-eq 5.03E2

Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer, ODP kg CFC11-eq 3.13E-5

Acidification potential of land and water, AP kg SO2-eq 2.90E0

Eutrophication potential, EP kg PO43-eq 1.49E0

Formation potential of tropospheric ozone, POCP kg ethene-eq 8.66E-2

Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, ADP-elements kg Sb-eq 1.22E-3

Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources, ADP-fossil fuels MJ 2.81E3

Parameter – Resource use Unit A1-A3

Renewable primary energy used as energy resource MJ 2.22E3

Renewable primary energy used as raw materials MJ 0.00E0

Total renewable primary energy MJ 2.22E3

Non-renewable primary energy used as energy resource MJ 3.31E3

Non-renewable primary energy used as raw materials MJ 0.00E0

Total non-renewable primary energy MJ 3.31E3

Secondary material [kg] kg 2.74E2

Renewable secondary fuels [MJ] MJ 2.30E2

Non-renewable secondary fuels [MJ] MJ 3.64E2

Net fresh water m3 2.01E1

Parameter – Waste* Unit A1-A3

Hazardous waste disposed kg 0.00E0

Non-hazardous waste disposed kg 4.70E-2

Radioactive waste disposed kg 0.00E0

Parameter – Output flows Unit A1-A3

Components for re-use kg 1.82E2

Materials for recycling kg 2.57E0

Materials for energy recovery kg 0.00E0

Exported energy MJ 0.00E0

5.07E2 = 5.07 x 102 = 507

3.45E-2 = 3.46 x 10-2 = 0.0346

*The waste indicators account for wastes from clinker, cement and concrete manufacturing only.



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4.2 Interpretation

The following table provides an identification of the most significant contributors to a selection of the parameters presented above:

Compared to revision 0, most indicator values are lower in revision 1; GWP is around 10% lower. Values of indicators for acidification potential, eutrophication potential and abiotic depletion potential have increased significantly.

The most significant contribution to GWP is the energy used in cement manufacture. Most water used in the product stage is recovered for recycling, so this stage makes a minimal contribution to overall water use. The most significant source of AP and POCP emanates from the kiln during the production of cement.

Parameter Most significant contributor

GWP; kg CO2 eq.

The lower GWP in revision 1 is as a result of general improvements in cement production including use of non fossil and renewable fuels.The cement kiln causes about 68% of the greenhouse gas emissions of concrete production. Emissions in the kiln result from both decarbonation of limestone as well as the burning of fuel. The transportation of raw materials accounts for over 25% of the GWP.

ODP; kg CFC 11 eq.

Just over half of the impact comes from the transport of raw materials and the remainder largely comes from the production of cement. The reduction in ozone depletion potential is a result of general improvements in cement production including use of non fossil and renewable fuels.

AP; kg SO2 eq.Dominated by sulphur dioxide emissions from the kiln and emissions from transportation. The increase in acidifcation potential is a result of changes to the Ecoinvent v3.3 database rather than to changes in the process.

EP; kg PO43- eq.

The cement kiln is the major source for emission of nitrogen oxides which are the main drivers for this category. The increase in eutrophication potential is a result of changes to the Ecoinvent v3.3 database rather than to changes to the production process.

POCP; kg C2 H4 eq.Dominated by nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide emissions from the cement kiln as well as from fuel production for the burning of clinker.

ADP elements; kg Sb eqHighest contribution associated with cement manufacture. The increase in ADP is a result of changes to the Ecoinvent v3.3 database rather than to changes to the production process

ADP fossil; MJ

Fossil fuel consumption is dominated by the supply and use of fossil fuels for the cement kiln in the production of cement. The transport system is the second largest contributor. The increase in ADP fossil is a result of changes to the Ecoinvent v3.3 database rather than to changes to the manufacturing process.



Aggregate Industries continues to improve environmental performance through annual recertification to ISO 14001. The understanding that Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has a significant environmental impact is acknowledged and cement replacement materials with much lower impacts are used where feasible.

Product stewardship is also a key consideration for Aggregate Industries; the majority of constituent materials of our products are produced within the UK.

As part of a broader commitment to sustainability Aggregate Industries is investing in Building Information Modelling (BIM) to promote collaborative working and raise the awareness of the life cycle environmental impacts of construction products to the supply chain.

More information regarding our environmental and responsibly sourcing objectives and activities are available at www.aggregate.com/sustainability

5. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

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6. REFERENCES

EN 16757: 2014 (E) Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Product Category Rules for precast concrete products (DPC)

EN 15804: 2012 Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products

ISO 14040: 2006 Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework

ISO 14044: 2006 Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines

ISO 14025: 2006 Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and procedures

ISO 21930: 2007 Sustainability in building construction – Environmental declaration of building products

Product category rules for concrete (UN CPC 375) 2013:02 Version 1.02, The International EPD® System

General Programme Instructions, v2.5, 2015-05-11. EPD International AB



Aggregate Industries UK Ltd Bardon Hall, Copt Oak Road Markfield, Leicestershire LE67 9PJ

Tel +44 (0) 1530 816600 Fax +44 (0) 1530 816666

www.aggregate.com

© Aggregate Industries UK Ltd 2015. Registered address: Bardon Hall, Copt Oak Road, Markfield, Leicestershire LE67 9PJ. No: 00245717

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Charcon Eco Countryside kerb - Aggregate Industries › sites › aiuk › files › atoms › ... · Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, ADP-elements kg Sb-eq 1.22