Characterization & Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials

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Vo I u m e 146 Characterization & Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials Proceedings of the International Conference on the Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials (ICCCI 2003), Kurashiki, Japan, 2003

Edited by

Kevin Ewsuk Sandia National Laboratories

Kiyoshi Nogi Osaka University

Markus Reiterer Sandia National Laboratories

Antoni Tomsia Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

S. Jill Glass Sandia National Laboratories

Rolf Waesche Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)

Keizo Uematsu Nagaoka University of Technology

Makio Naito Osaka University

Published by T h e American Ceramic Society

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Proceedings from the International Conference on the Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials (ICCCI2003) in Kurashiki, Japan, 2003

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4 3 2 1-07 06 05 04

ISSN 1042-1122

ISBN 1-57498-170-6

Contents Preface xiii

Nanoparticle Design and Suspension Control

Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoparticles 3 Tadafumi Adschiri, Seiichi Takami, Mitsuo Umetsu, Satoshi Ohara, and Takao Tsukada

Production of Ordered Porous Structures with Controlled Wall Thickness I I

Yuji Hotta, Koji Watari, R C. A. Alberius, and L. Bergström

Control of Dispersion Characteristics of T i 0 2 Nano-Powders for

Electronic Paper 19 S.H. Kwon, J.H. Ahn, Y.I. Cho, WS. Hong, and S.j. Kim

Direct Force Measurements of Ceramic Nanoparticles in Liquid Media 27

Jeong-Min Cho and Wolfgang M. Sigmund

Direct Force Measurements Between Zirconia Surfaces: Influence of the Concentration of Polyacrylic Acid, pH, and Molecular Weight 35

Jing Sun, Lian Gao, L Bergström, and Mikio Iwasa

Effects of Polymer Dispersant Molecular Structure on Nonaqueous Ceramic Suspensions 43

Toshio Kakui and Hidehiro Kamiya

Influence of the Molecular Structure of a Polymer Dispersant on Concentrated SiC Aqueous Suspensions 51

Kimitoshi Sato, Madoka Hasegawa, Toshio Kakui, Mayumi Tsukada, Shinzo Omi, and Hidehiro Kamiya

Synthesis of TÏO2 Nano-Powders from Aqueous Solutions with

Various Cation and Anion Species 59 Yong-Ick Cho, Sang-Chul Jung, Doo-Sun Hwang, Sun-Jae Kim, Naito Makio, Kiyoshi Nogi, and Keizo Uematsu

v

Characterization of Nano-Particle Dispersion in a Silica Slurry 67

Chika Takai, Masayoshi Fuji, and Minoru Takahashi

Effects of Slurry Preparation Conditions on Granule Properties and the Strength of Alumina Ceramics 73

Makoto Furukawa, Tadashi Hotta, Kenji Okamoto, Hiroya Abe, and Makio Naito

High Temperature Interfaces

Effects of Titanium on Wettability and Interfaces in Aluminum/Ceramic Systems 83

Natalia Sobczak

Interface Phenomena and Wettability in the B4C/(Me-Si) Systems

(Me = Cu, Au, Sn) 93 N. Froumin, M. Aizenshtein, N. Frage and M. R Dariel

Interfacial Reactions Between Metals and Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures 103

J.E. Indacochea, S.M. McDeavitt, and G.W. Billings

Intrinsic Wettability and Wetting Dynamics in the AI /a -AI 2 0 3 System 113

Ping Shen, Hidetoshi Fujii, Taihei Matsurmoto, and Kiyoshi Nogi

Wetting in the Tin-Silver-Titanium/Sapphire System 121 Laurent Gremillard, Eduardo Saiz, and Antoni R Tomsia

Tensile Properties of a Friction Stir Welded Thin-Sheet of I050-H24 Aluminum Alloy 129

H. J. Liu, H. Fujii, and K. Nogi

Surface Tension of 304 Stainless Steel under Plasma Conditions 137

Hidetoshi Fujii, Teruhiko Misono, Taihei Matsumoto, and Kiyoshi Nogi

The Effect of Minor Elements in Argon Shielding Gas on Convection in a Molten Weld Pool 145

Hidetoshi Fujii, Yasuyuki Morikawa, Masayoshi Kamai, and Kiyoshi Nogi

VI

Particulate Materials

Characterization of a Photocatalyst Prepared by a New Method to Introduce Ti Sites on the Surface of Silica 155

Masayoshi Fuji, Minoru Takahashi, Nanami Maruzuka, Takashi Takei, and Masatoshi Chikazawa

Particle Oriented Bismuth Titanate Ceramics Prepared in a Magnetic Field 163

A.Makiya, D. Kusano, S. Tanaka, N. Uchida, K. Uematsu, T. Kimura, K. Kitazawa, and Y Doshida

Formation of Nanostructure Composites Using Advanced Mechanical Processing 173

D. Tahara, Y Itoh, T. Ohmura, H. Abe, and M. Naito

Synthesis of AIN by Gas-Reduction-Nitridation of Transition Alumina Powder 179

Tomohiro Yamakawa, Junichi Tatami, Takeshi Meguro, and Katsutoshi Komeya

Effects of a Phase Content on the Sintering Behavior of Si3N4 Powder 187

Ryoichi Nishimizu, Junichi Tatami, Katsutoshi Komeya, Takeshi Meguro, and Masahiro Ibukiyama

Fabrication, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of ß-Sialon Nano-Ceramics 193

Qiang Li, Katsutoshi Komeya, Junichi Tatami, Takeshi Meguro, Mamoru Omori and Lian Gao

Characteristics of Dehumidifier Sheets for an Adsorptive Desiccant Cooling System 199

Y Tashiro, M. Kubo, Y Katsumi, T Meguro, K. Komeya, and J. Tatami

Novel Processing

Development of New Materials by Mechanical Alloying 209 José M. Torralba, Elisa Ruiz-Navas, and Joào B. Fogagnolo

Magnetic Properties of Ni-Ferrite Produced by High Energy Milling 219

M.E. Rabanal, A. Vârez, B. Levenfeld, and J.M. Torralba

vu

Centrifugal Pressure Assisted Diffusion Bonding of Ceramics 229

Y Kinemuchi; K. Watari, and S. Uchimura

Formation of Interfacial Phases at a SiC/Cu Joint Friction-Bonded With Ti 237

Akio Nishimoto, Katsuya Akamatsu, Makoto Takahashi, Kenji Ikeuchi, Masaaki Ando, and Masatoshi Aritoshi

An Aerosol Deposition Method and its Application to Make MEMS Devices 245

Jun Akedo

Morphology and Performance of a Ni-YSZ Cermet Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 255

T. Fukui, K. Murata, H. Abe, M. Naito, and K. Nogi

Fuel Cell Technology in Thailand 261 R Aungkavattana, S. Charojrochkul, H. Mahaudom, A. Kittiwanichawat, W. Wattana, M. Henson, S. Assabumrungrat, S. Srichai, S. Kuharuangrong, J. Charoensuk, W. Khan-ngern, R Khamphakdi, and N. Nakayothin

Electrophoretic Deposition of a High Performance La(Sr)Ga(Mg)C>3

Electrolyte Film for a Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Ce l l . . . .269 Motohide Matsuda, Osamu Ohara, Michihiro Miyake, Kenji Murata, Takehisa Fukui, and Satoshi Ohara

Formation of MgB2 Superconducting Phase from Mg and B Composite

Particles Produced by Mechanical Mixing 277 H. Abe, M. Naito, K. Nogi, S. Ohara, A. Kondo, T. Fukui, M. Matsuda, and M, Miyake

Microstructure

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AIN Ceramics with Y 2 0 3 285

Seiji Iwasawa, Junichi Tatami, Katsutosi Komeya, and Takesishi Meguro

Microstructure of AIN Fibers Synthesized from AI2O3 by

Gas-Reduction-Nitridation 291 Yusuke Matsumoto, Junichi Tatami, Takeshi Meguro, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Toyohiko Yano

vin

Sintering Behavior of AIN 299 Junichi Tatami, Katsutoshi Komeya, Tomoaki Hoshina, Tomohiro Hirata, Takeshi Meguro, and Akihiko Tsuge

Characterization of Internal Interfaces in Translucent Polycrystalline Alumina 307

G.C. Wei

Joining of S i ^ l ^ to a Nickel-Based Superalloy

Using Active Fillers 317 S.R Lu and Y Guo

Fabrication of Grain Refined 7475 AI Alloy Foils Utilizing RF Magnetron Sputtering 325

T Shibayanagi, M. Maeda, M. Naka, D. Watanabe, and Y Takayama

Hot Gas Cleaning Technology

Analysis of Ash Adhesion Behavior at High Temperature Conditions -Relationship Between Powder Bed Strength and Microscopic Behavior 335

Mayumi Tsukada, Hajime Yamada, and Hidehiro Kamiya

A Report on Coal Gasification Technology that Includes a Synthetic Clean-Up System 343

Sadao Wasaka and Junichi Suhara

Ash Particle Formation and Metal Behavior During Biomass Combustion in Fluidized Bed Boiler 347

Esko I. Kauppinen, Jorma K. Jokiniemi, Terttaliisa Lind, and Jouko Latva-Somppi

An Overview of Silica Dust Pollution and Controls 355 Haiying Qi, Changfu You, and Yingjie Bao

Characterizing and Modeling Filtration in a Granular Coke Bed 365

M. Furuuchi, C. Kanaoka, M. Hâta, Y Kawaminami, R. Takahashi, J. Yagi, and R. Takehama

Direct Measurement of the Adhesion Force for Single Ash Particle at High Temperature 375

Hidehiro Kamiya, Takashi Aozasa, Mayumi Tsukada, Hiromitsu Matsuda, and Hisao Makino

IX

Development of a Regenerate Desulfurization Sorbent for Hot Coal-Derived Gas 383

Makoto Nunokawa, Makoto Kobayashi, and Hiromi Shirai

Interface Control

SiC-Coated Diamond Synthesis, and Properties in Diamond Dispersed Cemented Carbides 393

Y Miyamoto, Y Morisada, H. Moriguchi, K. Tsuduki, and A. Ikegaya

Structure of the Interface in SiC-Based Ceramic Composites Formed by Tribo-Oxidation Under Dry Sliding Conditions 401

Rolf Wäsche, Dieter Klaffke, Mathias Woydt, and Ilona Dörfel

Contact Damage Behavior of TiN-Coated SÎ3N4 Ceramics 409

Shin Suzuki, Junichi Tatami, Katsutoshi Komeya, Takeshi Meguro, Akira Azushima, Young-Gu Kim, and Do Kyung Kim

Effects of Interface Control on the Formation and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Composites 417

Lian Gao, Linqin Jiang, and Jing Sun

Composite Powders Synthesis by Spray Pyrolysis 427 S. Ohara, M. Umetsu, S. Takami, T. Adschiri, M. Itagaki, J.-H. Lee, H. Abe, M. Naito, K. Nogi, and T. Fukui

Aerosol Synthesis and Phase Development in Ce-Doped Nanophased Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet (Y3AI5O ( 2:Ce) 435

Olivera Milosevic, Lidija Mancic, Satoshi Ohara, Gilberte del Rosario, and Predrag Vulic

Phase Evolution in Ag:(Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu30x

Composite Powder 443 L. Mancic, Z. Marinkovic, B. Marinkovic, RM. Jardim, F. Rizzo, and O. Milosevic

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology - From Promising to Practical: The Role of Standards 453

Stephen Freiman

x

Nano-Sized Hydroxyapatite Crystals Grown in Phase Separated Microenvironments 461

Kimiyasu Sato, Yuji Hotta, Yoshiaki Kinemuchi, and Koji Watari

Reduction of Thin Film Surface Roughness by Self-Assembling of Organic Molecules 467

M. Itoh, K. Aota, R. Sugano, and H. Takano

The Synthesis of NiO-CGO Powder, and the Processing and Properties of NiO-CGO Anodes 475

Eisaku Suda, Bernard Pacaud, Mikio Itagaki, Satoshi Ohara, Yvan Montardi, and Yasuo Takeda

Author and Keyword Index 483

XI

Preface Interfaces are important in many different areas of materials science and technology, and to a broad spectrum of industries. The International Conference on the Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials (ICCCI 2003) was organized and held in Kurashiki Japan in September 2003 to provide a multidisciplinary forum for international scientists and engineers to discuss interface science and technology. The conference addressed the influence of interface structure and composition on joining and materials properties, on controlling interfaces in materials synthesis and processing, and on interface characterization. Over 100 scientists and engineers from 18 different countries attended ICCCI 2003. The Proceedings of ICCCI 2003 features 58 peer-reviewed papers on interface science and technology that provide a unique and state-of-the art perspective on interface characterization and control. The articles address interface control, high temperature interfaces, nanoparticle design, nanotechnology, suspension control, novel processing, particulate materials, microstructure, and hot gas cleaning technology. This unique volume will serve as a valuable reference for scientists and engineers interested in interfaces, particulate materials, and nanotechnology.

Kevin Ewsuk Kiyoshi Nogi Markus Reiterer Antoni Tomsia S. Jill Glass Rolf Waesche Keizo Uematsu Makio Naito

xiu