Characteristics of the Marine Characteristics of the Marine BiomeBiome

• cover 71% of the Earth’s cover 71% of the Earth’s Surface.Surface.

• Some places of the ocean Some places of the ocean floor are deeper than Mt. floor are deeper than Mt. Everest is high.Everest is high.

• 96.5% of the ocean is pure 96.5% of the ocean is pure waterwater

• 3.5% is dissolved compounds 3.5% is dissolved compounds that typically runoff from rivers that typically runoff from rivers or rainwater.or rainwater.

Factors Effecting the Factors Effecting the Composition of Marine WatersComposition of Marine Waters

• AirAir– The levels of oxygen (OThe levels of oxygen (O22) and carbon dioxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO22) in ) in

the water are greatly effected by the airthe water are greatly effected by the air

• Rivers and Runoff from LandRivers and Runoff from Land– add minerals and sedimentadd minerals and sediment

• DisastersDisasters– Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones weather and erode Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones weather and erode

the coastal regions washing sediments into the oceanthe coastal regions washing sediments into the ocean– Human activities Human activities

Components of the Marine Components of the Marine BiomeBiome

• Abiotic Abiotic (nonliving)(nonliving)

– WaterWater– Sunlight/darknessSunlight/darkness– MineralsMinerals– Dissolved gasesDissolved gases

• Biotic Biotic (living)(living)

– ProducersProducers– ConsumersConsumers– DecomposersDecomposers

Levels of LightLevels of Lightin the Oceanin the Ocean

• Photic zonePhotic zone– Light fills the water at Light fills the water at

this levelthis level

• Twilight zoneTwilight zone– Transition zone Transition zone

between light and between light and absolute darknessabsolute darkness

• Aphotic zoneAphotic zone– Depths where no Depths where no

sunlight existssunlight exists

(Clic

k im

age)

Aph

otic

Zon

e

• Eat the producers - Eat the producers - herbivoresherbivores– Sea urchins – eat kelpSea urchins – eat kelp– Sea butterflies – feed on Sea butterflies – feed on

phytoplankton phytoplankton – Parrot fish – eat algaeParrot fish – eat algae

Primary Consumers Primary Consumers

• Eat the primary consumers – Eat the primary consumers – carnivores or omnivorescarnivores or omnivores– Jelly fish – eat small fish Jelly fish – eat small fish – Clown fish – eat small Clown fish – eat small

invertebratesinvertebrates– Sea otters – eat sea urchinsSea otters – eat sea urchins

Secondary ConsumersSecondary Consumers

Tertiary Tertiary ConsumersConsumers

• Eat the secondary Eat the secondary consumersconsumers– Polar bears – eat Polar bears – eat

seals, walrus, and seals, walrus, and beluga whalesbeluga whales

– Great White sharks – Great White sharks – eat dolphins, sharks, eat dolphins, sharks, whales, sea lions, sea whales, sea lions, sea turtles and sea birdsturtles and sea birds

– Bull sharks – eat Bull sharks – eat dolphins, rays, sea dolphins, rays, sea turtles and sea birdsturtles and sea birds

DecomposersDecomposers• Filter Feeders – remove dead Filter Feeders – remove dead

materials floating in the watermaterials floating in the water– Ex. Tube worms and anemonesEx. Tube worms and anemones

• Bottom Feeders – break down Bottom Feeders – break down dead materials that has made its dead materials that has made its way to the ocean floorway to the ocean floor– Ex. Sea Cucumbers and Star FishEx. Sea Cucumbers and Star Fish

Flow of Energy in the OceanFlow of Energy in the Ocean

Sun or Deep Sea VentSun or Deep Sea Vent

ProducersProducers

Primary ConsumersPrimary Consumers

Secondary ConsumersSecondary Consumers

Tertiary ConsumersTertiary Consumers

Flow of Matter and EnergyFlow of Matter and Energyin the Oceanin the Ocean