Characteristics of Living Characteristics of Living Things and ClassificationThings and Classification

What makes something living?What makes something living?

How do we organize living things?How do we organize living things?

How are living things organized?How are living things organized?

Organization of Living ThingsOrganization of Living Things

ORGANISMORGANISM

BODY SYSTEMSBODY SYSTEMS

ORGANSORGANS

TISSUESTISSUES

CELLSCELLS

ORGANELLESORGANELLES

MOLECULESMOLECULES

MULTICELLULARMULTICELLULARORGANISMSORGANISMS

UNICELLULARUNICELLULARORGANISMSORGANISMS

4 Characteristics of 4 Characteristics of ALLALL Living Things Living Things

1.1. Living things are made of Living things are made of CELLSCELLS that that contain DNAcontain DNA

2.2. Living things have a Living things have a METABOLISMMETABOLISM to to help them use energy to live, grow, and help them use energy to live, grow, and developdevelop

3.3. Living things maintain Living things maintain HOMEOSTASISHOMEOSTASIS• A stable internal environmentA stable internal environment

4.4. Living things Living things REPRODUCEREPRODUCE

Characteristics of Living Things:Characteristics of Living Things:

Similarities and Differences Among Similarities and Differences Among Living ThingsLiving Things

Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar ANDAND different waysdifferent ways

8 Life processes that are similar and different among living 8 Life processes that are similar and different among living things:things: Obtaining nutrientsObtaining nutrients Transport of materials throughout organismTransport of materials throughout organism Breaking down nutrients to get energy (cellular respiration)Breaking down nutrients to get energy (cellular respiration) Combining simple substances to make more complex substances Combining simple substances to make more complex substances

(synthesis)(synthesis) GrowthGrowth Removal of waste products (Excretion)Removal of waste products (Excretion) Responding to internal and external stimuliResponding to internal and external stimuli ReproducingReproducing

Simple to Complex:Simple to Complex:

Helping VocabularyHelping Vocabulary

Number of cells:Number of cells: MulticellularMulticellular::

Made of many cellsMade of many cells UnicellularUnicellular::

Made of one cellMade of one cell Nucleus?Nucleus?

EukaryoteEukaryote:: Cells contain a nucleusCells contain a nucleus

ProkaryoteProkaryote:: Cells lack a nucleusCells lack a nucleus

Mode of nutrition:Mode of nutrition: HeterotrophHeterotroph::

Need to obtain foodNeed to obtain food AutotrophAutotroph::

Can make own foodCan make own food

http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/Biology-Is-Studied-at-Many-Levels-of-35665

Website with nice graphics of levels of biological organization:

The Five Kingdoms:The Five Kingdoms:

The 5 KingdomsThe 5 Kingdoms

Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped organisms into 5 different kingdomsorganisms into 5 different kingdoms

Animalia Animalia

FungiFungi

PlantaePlantae

ProtistaProtista

Monera Monera UNICELLULARUNICELLULAR

MULTICELLULARMULTICELLULAR

EUKARYOTICEUKARYOTIC

PROKARYOTICPROKARYOTIC

Obtaining Nutrients (FOOD!Obtaining Nutrients (FOOD!))

HeterotrophHeterotroph Gets nutrients from the environmentGets nutrients from the environment Kingdoms:Kingdoms:

Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and MoneraAnimalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera

AutotrophAutotroph Makes own foodMakes own food Kingdoms:Kingdoms:

Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

Transport of materialsTransport of materials

Unicellular Orgs:Unicellular Orgs: Transport within Transport within

cytoplasmcytoplasm Kingdoms:Kingdoms:

Protista, MoneraProtista, Monera

Multicellular Orgs:Multicellular Orgs: Transport within liquids Transport within liquids

and tubesand tubes Kingdoms:Kingdoms:

Animalia, Plantae, FungiAnimalia, Plantae, Fungi

ReproductionReproduction

Asexual:Asexual: One parentOne parent Offspring genetically identical Offspring genetically identical

(clones)(clones) Kingdoms:Kingdoms:

Some Fungi, Protista, MoneraSome Fungi, Protista, Monera

Sexual:Sexual: Two parentsTwo parents Offspring genetically different from Offspring genetically different from

parentsparents Kingdoms:Kingdoms:

Some Fungi, Plantae, AnimaliaSome Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Classification of Living ThingsClassification of Living Things

Why classify organisms?Why classify organisms? For easy identificationFor easy identification For evolutionary comparison of organismsFor evolutionary comparison of organisms

Organisms are grouped into large Organisms are grouped into large categories based on similaritiescategories based on similarities

Once in a group, organisms are separated Once in a group, organisms are separated based on differencesbased on differences

Classification of Living ThingsClassification of Living Things5 Kingdoms5 Kingdoms

Phyla (s. Phylum)Phyla (s. Phylum)

ClassClass

OrderOrder

FamilyFamily

GenusGenus

SpeciesSpecies

DIVIDED INTO

DIVIDED INTO

DIVIDED INTO

DIVIDED INTO

DIVIDED INTO

DIVIDED INTO

# OF ORGANISMSDECREASES

DIFFERENCES AMONG ORGS INCREASES

Acronym to help remember!Acronym to help remember!

KKinging

PPhilliphillip

CCame ame

OOverver

FForor

GGoodood

SSpaghettipaghetti

Classification of HumansClassification of Humans

KINGDOMKINGDOM: Animalia: AnimaliaPHYLUMPHYLUM: Chordata: Chordata

Has backboneHas backbone

CLASSCLASS: Mammalia: Mammalia Females have mammary glandsFemales have mammary glands

ORDERORDER: Primates: Primates Larger brain sizeLarger brain size

FAMILYFAMILY: Hominidae : Hominidae GENUSGENUS: Homo: HomoSPECIESSPECIES: sapiens: sapiens

Scientific NamingScientific Naming

Scientific nameScientific name = = Genus + speciesGenus + species Referred to as Binomial Nomenclature (2 name naming Referred to as Binomial Nomenclature (2 name naming

system)system) speciesspecies is is notnot capitalized capitalized Both are always italicized or underlinedBoth are always italicized or underlined Ex. Homo sapiens Ex. Homo sapiens or or Homo sapiensHomo sapiens

AbbreviationAbbreviation:: First letter of genus (capitalized), followed by speciesFirst letter of genus (capitalized), followed by species Ex. Ex. H. sapiensH. sapiens Scientists have only identified and named a Scientists have only identified and named a

FRACTIONFRACTION of all living organisms on Earth!!!! of all living organisms on Earth!!!!