Characteristics of Indian Languages

7/25/2019 Characteristics of Indian Languages

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CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIANCHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN

LANGUAGESLANGUAGES

BYBYMADHAVI VARALWARMADHAVI VARALWAR

NIXON PATELNIXON PATEL


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Some of the features of Indian languages andSome of the features of Indian languages and

the scripts used to express them are :the scripts used to express them are :

PHONEME SETPHONEME SET

DIFFEENT !"PHEME#SDIFFEENT !"PHEME#S

ED$P%I&"TIONED$P%I&"TION


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PHONEME SETPHONEME SET

Akshara forms h! f"#$am!#a% %'"&s&( "#& I#$&a#Akshara forms h! f"#$am!#a% %'"&s&( "#& I#$&a#

%a#'"a'!s )%a#'"a'!s )

A# akshara (o#s&ss of *+ ,+ -+ or . (o#so#a#s a#$ a /o0!%)A# akshara (o#s&ss of *+ ,+ -+ or . (o#so#a#s a#$ a /o0!%)

Th! 12&(a% forms of Akshara ar! V+ CV+ CCV a#$ CCCV+ h"sha/! a '!#!ra%&3!$ form of C4V

Wor$s ar! ma$! "2 of o#! or mor! aksharas)Wor$s ar! ma$! "2 of o#! or mor! aksharas)

Akshara (a# 5! 2ro#o"#(!$ $!2!#$!#%1 as h! %a#'"a'!s ar!Akshara (a# 5! 2ro#o"#(!$ $!2!#$!#%1 as h! %a#'"a'!s ar!

(om2%!!%1 s1%%a5&()(om2%!!%1 s1%%a5&()Aksharas 0&h mor! ha# o#! (o#so#a#s ar! (a%%!$Aksharas 0&h mor! ha# o#! (o#so#a#s ar! (a%%!$

sam1"kaksharas or (om5o6(hara(!rssam1"kaksharas or (om5o6(hara(!rs


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DIFFEENT !"PHEMESDIFFEENT !"PHEMES

Ea(h %a#'"a'! "s!s $&ff!r!# s(r&2s (o#s&s' of $&ss&m&%arEa(h %a#'"a'! "s!s $&ff!r!# s(r&2s (o#s&s' of $&ss&m&%ar'ra2h!m!s for 2r')'ra2h!m!s for 2r')

Th!r! ar! ,*6,- ma7or s(r&2s I#$&a)Th!r! ar! ,*6,- ma7or s(r&2s I#$&a)

Som! ha/! a h!a$6%! or sh&ror!kha ha 2!rs&ss for a 0ho%!Som! ha/! a h!a$6%! or sh&ror!kha ha 2!rs&ss for a 0ho%!

0or$) Oh!rs ha/! #o#6o"(h' 'ra2h!m!s )0or$) Oh!rs ha/! #o#6o"(h' 'ra2h!m!s ) 6Tam&%6Tam&%

6 T!%"'"6 T!%"'"

6 H$&6 H$&

'' Ma%a1a%amMa%a1a%am 6aa76aa7 6o$a16o$a1

62a'a%"62a'a%" 6 mor#'6 mor#'


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ED$P%I&"TIONED$P%I&"TION

A%% %a#'"a'!s !m2%o1 r!$"2%&(a!$ formA%% %a#'"a'!s !m2%o1 r!$"2%&(a!$ form

E8!#s&/! "s! of r!$"2%&(a&o# &s a 2ar&("%ar (hara(!r&s&( ofE8!#s&/! "s! of r!$"2%&(a&o# &s a 2ar&("%ar (hara(!r&s&( of

I#$&a# La#'"a'!s )I#$&a# La#'"a'!s )

A# o/!r/&!0 of h! $&ff!r!# k$s of r! $"2%&(a&/!A# o/!r/&!0 of h! $&ff!r!# k$s of r! $"2%&(a&/!!82r!ss&o#s fo"#$ h! s"5(o#!#!82r!ss&o#s fo"#$ h! s"5(o#!#

,)ONOMATOPOEIC,)ONOMATOPOEIC

-)EXPRESSIVE-)EXPRESSIVE

.)PAIRED WORDS.)PAIRED WORDS

9)ECHO9)ECHO


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ONOM"TOPOEI&ONOM"TOPOEI&

O#omao2o!&( !82r!ss&o#s a#$ !82r!ss&/! shar! h! '!#!ra%O#omao2o!&( !82r!ss&o#s a#$ !82r!ss&/! shar! h! '!#!ra%2ro2!r1 ha #!&h!r of h! 0o ha%/!s of h! !82r!ss&o# ar!2ro2!r1 ha #!&h!r of h! 0o ha%/!s of h! !82r!ss&o# ar!$!2!#$!#%1 m!a#'f"%$!2!#$!#%1 m!a#'f"%

O#omao2o!&( !82r!ss&o#s ma1 or ma1 #o 5! r!$"2%&(a!$ O#omao2o!&( !82r!ss&o#s ma1 or ma1 #o 5! r!$"2%&(a!$

sr"("r!+ a#$ h! r!2!&&o# ma1 5! !8a( or h!r! ma1 5!sr"("r!+ a#$ h! r!2!&&o# ma1 5! !8a( or h!r! ma1 5!s!'m!#a% $&ff!r!#(!s 5!0!!# h! 0o ha%/!s+ or a #o#6s!'m!#a% $&ff!r!#(!s 5!0!!# h! 0o ha%/!s+ or a #o#6r!$"2%&(a!$ (as!)r!$"2%&(a!$ (as!)

k&&(("k&&(("6::"k&&(("k&&(("6::" ;; TAMIL?>TAMIL?

aaraa 3"//aaaraa 3"//a ;; TELUGU? s"ra6s"ra 5a&s"ra6s"ra 5a& ;; HINDI?HINDI?


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E(PESSI)EE(PESSI)E

Th&s /o%/!s !rms ha ar! #o so"#$' s1m5o%&( h! sr&(Th&s /o%/!s !rms ha ar! #o so"#$' s1m5o%&( h! sr&(

s!#s!)s!#s!)

O#omao2o!&as a#$ !82r!ss&/!s ar! %ar'!%1 %&m&!$ o 2os&&/!O#omao2o!&as a#$ !82r!ss&/!s ar! %ar'!%1 %&m&!$ o 2os&&/!

"!ra#(!s)"!ra#(!s)

E8am2%!s of !82r!ss&/! from H$&+T!%"'" a#$ from B!#'a%&E8am2%!s of !82r!ss&/! from H$&+T!%"'" a#$ from B!#'a%&

Ch&@ (h&@Ch&@ (h&@ 66 T!%"'"?

(h&2 (h&2(h&2 (h&2 66 H$&?

Rama ramaRama rama 66 T!%"'"?>T!%"'"? 2&% 2&%2&% 2&% 66 B!#'a%&?>B!#'a%&?


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P"IED *ODSP"IED *ODS

Th!s! /o%/! h! 7"8a2os&&o# of 0o %!8&(a% &!ms a#$ ar!Th!s! /o%/! h! 7"8a2os&&o# of 0o %!8&(a% &!ms a#$ ar!/ar&o"s%1 r!f!rr!$ o h! %&!ra"r! as


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E&HOE&HO

E(ho !82r!ss&o#s+ form 1! a#oh!r (a!'or1 of r!$"2%&(a!$E(ho !82r!ss&o#s+ form 1! a#oh!r (a!'or1 of r!$"2%&(a!$

forms)forms)

I# !rms of h!&r s!ma#&( sr"("r!+ h!1 f& 5!0!!# h!I# !rms of h!&r s!ma#&( sr"("r!+ h!1 f& 5!0!!# h!

o#omao2o!&as a#$ !82r!ss&/!s+ 0h&(h #!&h!r 2ar &so#omao2o!&as a#$ !82r!ss&/!s+ 0h&(h #!&h!r 2ar &s

$!2!#$!#%1 m!a#'f"%$!2!#$!#%1 m!a#'f"%

E(ho !82r!ss&o#s 0&h &$&os1#(ra&( 2ho#o%o'1+ a#$ 2oss&5%!E(ho !82r!ss&o#s 0&h &$&os1#(ra&( 2ho#o%o'1+ a#$ 2oss&5%!

S!ma#&(s+ s!!m o 5! a (ommo# f!a"r! of h! I#$&a#S!ma#&(s+ s!!m o 5! a (ommo# f!a"r! of h! I#$&a#

s"5(o#!# s"(h forma&o#s ar! h&'h%1 2ro$"(&/!s"5(o#!# s"(h forma&o#s ar! h&'h%1 2ro$"(&/!


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"22" (a22""22" (a22" 66 T!%"'"?

a&sa /a&saa&sa /a&sa 66 h&s 0a1 ha 0a1 h&s 0a1 ha 0a1 >H$&?>H$&?

&$har "$har&$har "$har 66 h!r! or h!r! h!r! or h!r! >H$&?>H$&? &kka$a akka$a&kka$a akka$a 66 h!r! a#$ h!r!h!r! a#$ h!r! >T!%"'"?>T!%"'"?

kaa22& k&&22&kaa22& k&&22& 66 Tam&%?>Tam&%?

Th&s &s (!ra%1 a mar'a% 2h!#om!#o#+ 5" r!2r!s!#s aTh&s &s (!ra%1 a mar'a% 2h!#om!#o#+ 5" r!2r!s!#s a2o!#&a% $!/!%o2m!# from h! E(ho !82r!ss&o#s+ 0&h h!2o!#&a% $!/!%o2m!# from h! E(ho !82r!ss&o#s+ 0&h h!0o ha%/!s 5!'#' o $&/!r'!)0o ha%/!s 5!'#' o $&/!r'!)

E(ho !82r!ss&o# m!r!%1 !#s&f&!s or !m2has&3!s h! m!a#'E(ho !82r!ss&o# m!r!%1 !#s&f&!s or !m2has&3!s h! m!a#'of h! 5as! 0or$)of h! 5as! 0or$)

Th! !(ho 0or$s ar! sa&$ o

sa!sa!))


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Pre+iousl, proposed extensions arePre+iousl, proposed extensions are

,)S1%%a5%! E%!m!# s1%%a5%!,)S1%%a5%! E%!m!# s1%%a5%!

-) Loa#6Wor$ E%!m!# a%&!#-) Loa#6Wor$ E%!m!# a%&!#

. D&a%!( E%!m!# $&a%!(. D&a%!( E%!m!# $&a%!(


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POPOSED E(TENSIONS IN THISPOPOSED E(TENSIONS IN THIS

*O-SHOP "E*O-SHOP "E

,),)Echo element .echo/Echo element .echo/

Echo is in 0idespread use in the spo1en language2 at allEcho is in 0idespread use in the spo1en language2 at all

le+els of societ,3le+els of societ,3

.4xml +ersion5673864/.4xml +ersion5673864/

.spea1 +ersion567386 xml:lang56tel'in6/.spea1 +ersion567386 xml:lang56tel'in6/

.emphasis/*elcome.9emphasis/ to the echo sample tag3.emphasis/*elcome.9emphasis/ to the echo sample tag3

.s/ ne1u leda .echo/illu gillu .9echo/.9s/.s/ ne1u leda .echo/illu gillu .9echo/.9s/

.9spea1/.9spea1/


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-)EXPRESSIVES -)EXPRESSIVES

..8m% /!rs&o#,)*8m% /!rs&o#,)*

s2!ak /!rs&o#,)* 8m%%a#'h$&s2!ak /!rs&o#,)* 8m%%a#'h$&

s sa1 as $ha# $"a%a sa1 as 2a #! k! %&1! sa1 ass sa1 as $ha# $"a%a sa1 as 2a #! k! %&1! sa1 as$ raa sa1 as kaam kar#a ha& s$ raa sa1 as kaam kar#a ha& s

s2!aks2!ak


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.) ONOMOTOPEIA.) ONOMOTOPEIA

8m% /!rs&o#,)* 8m% /!rs&o#,)*

..s2!ak /!rs&o#,)* 8m%%a#'!%6s2!ak /!rs&o#,)* 8m%%a#'!%6

2 2&%%a%" a#$ar" $!!2a0a%& ro7"#a sa16as sa12 2&%%a%" a#$ar" $!!2a0a%& ro7"#a sa16as sa1

ass"ra6s"ra 5a&ass"ra6s"ra 5a& sa16as aara 3"//a sa16as sa16as kaa%(har"2sa16as aara 3"//a sa16as sa16as kaa%(har"2

s2!aks2!ak


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&ON&%$SIONS&ON&%$SIONS

I# h&s 2a2!r+ 0! $&s("ss!$ h! 2os&&o# of Bhr&'"s I#() H1$ I# h&s 2a2!r+ 0! $&s("ss!$ h! 2os&&o# of Bhr&'"s I#() H1$

5"&%$' h! TTS s1s!ms for I#$&a# %a#'"a'!s5"&%$' h! TTS s1s!ms for I#$&a# %a#'"a'!s

W! $!s(r&5!$ h! #a"r! of I#$&a# La#'"a'!s !!2' /&!0W! $!s(r&5!$ h! #a"r! of I#$&a# La#'"a'!s !!2' /&!0

of h! &ss"!s 0&h h! (hara(!r&s&(s of h!s! %a#'"a'!s+ 0!of h! &ss"!s 0&h h! (hara(!r&s&(s of h!s! %a#'"a'!s+ 0!

$&s("ss!$ h! &m2ora#(! of$&s("ss!$ h! &m2ora#(! of Paired 0ordsPaired 0ordsa#$ E(hoa#$ E(hoelementselements

a#$ h!&r 5!ha/&or o &m2ro/! h! J"a%&1 of TTS s1s!m h!a#$ h!&r 5!ha/&or o &m2ro/! h! J"a%&1 of TTS s1s!m h!

(o#!8 of I#$&a# %a#'"a'!s a#$ oh!r s&m&%ar %a#'"a'!s h!(o#!8 of I#$&a# %a#'"a'!s a#$ oh!r s&m&%ar %a#'"a'!s h!

As&a6Pa(&f&()As&a6Pa(&f&()


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Characteristics of Indian Languages