Chapters 5 and 6 Media Coverage Four Topics Well Be Covering:
1.Bias in news reporting 2.Propaganda Techniques 3.Hype in news
coverage 4.Ethical responsibilities of the media
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Topic #1: Recognizing bias in news reporting & Slanted
Words used in the media
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This is not rocket science, simply be aware of slants or bias
in the news. It may be obvious, it may be very subtle, but its
almost always there. Be especially aware of Card Stacking, Ad
Hominems and False Dilemmas used with Biased news stations
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Which news sources are biased? Why do you say that? Proof?
Specific examples?
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Slanted Words Media usage of
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In regards to the recent GOV shutdown: Breaking News: Senate
Kills House Bill (FOXNews, September 30, 2013) Breaking News:
Senate Rejects House Bill (MSNBC, September 30, 2013)
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Butcher Tells U.S. Come and Get Me (New York Post, March 19,
2003) War Imminent as Hussein Rejects Ultimatum (New York Times,
March 19, 2003) Saddam Scorns U.S. Ultimatum (New York Daily News,
March 19, 2003) Baghdad Rejects Bushs Warning (ArabicNews.com,
March 19, 2003)
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Hillary spoke at the National Convention on Friday. Her chat
was followed by an address by Senator Joe Lieberman.
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Andre Agassi beat his opponent soundly in straight sets. It was
also 6-0, 6-0 for Americas sweetheart, Serena Williams
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The Navys mission team included four aviators from Miramar and
one female aviator from the Naval Air Station.
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Two organizations sent representatives to the hearing: The
Griffin Group, a conservative lobbying group, and the Burchard
Group, a non-profit advocacy institute.
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11 year-old boy charged with murder, was an avid hunter.
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Young woman, 22, was bound and raped repeatedly for 10 days.
(One station reported she was a prostitute and went to his house
for business, the other station never mentioned it)
Bias/Slanted News Coverage CNN Obama appeals to Pepsi drinkers
FOX Obama declares war on Coke BBC America carries out drone
strikes in Afghanistan while Obama does nothing
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YOU Slant a News Story Topic: City of Beavercreek Hoping for
Higher Holiday Sales Who: Brian Jarvis What: Holiday shopping up
3.5% this year in Creek When: Black Friday weekend Where: Fairfield
Commons & The Greene Why: Unemployed numbers decreased this
year 1.5% Quote #1: People are hitting the stores today. (Jarvis)
Quote #2: Business owners are ecstatic
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Topic #2: Propaganda and the various Techniques used
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Propaganda The methods and approaches used to spread ideas that
further a political, commercial, religious cause.
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Propaganda Propaganda is amoral What do you guys think of when
you hear Propaganda?
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Why use Propaganda?? To manipulate the viewers' reason and
emotions; to persuade you to believe in something or someone, buy
an item, or vote a certain way.
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Propaganda Many techniques are not only used in marketing, but
in politics as well.
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Generally divided into three main categories: White Propaganda:
acknowledged sources and aimed at a sympathetic audience (your
typical propaganda) Grey Propaganda: anonymous quotes Some Say Our
Sources indicate Black Propaganda: emanates from a source other
than the true one.
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Propaganda The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates
advertising. Their role is consumer protection (more on them in CH
13) In terms of Government, Who regulates all of this?
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The IPA 1937-1942 An organization composed of social
scientists, opinion leaders, historians, educators, and
journalists. To teach people how to think rather than what to
think.
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Criticisms of the IPA Some argue that the IPA's approach is too
simplistic because many messages fall into more than one category.
They do not discuss the credibility of the propagandist. HOWEVERFew
argue with the IPA's basic goal of promoting critical thought among
citizens.
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The IPA created the ABCs of propaganda: 7 basic techniques very
much used and discussed today
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#1 Name-Calling Barack Obama is a liberal. Obamas foreign
policy is feckless. Romney-Hood Obamaloney
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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The burning question in the U.S.
presidential election is, when will the "your mama" jokes start?
With the fate of the world's most powerful country hanging in the
balance, President Barack Obama and his Republican rival Mitt
Romney turned to childish name calling on the campaign trail this
week. ----Toronto Sun times
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#2 Glittering Generalities (Virtue Words) Making broad
statements that really say nothing of importance.
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If elected, I will get this country back on track! A vote for
Shawn is a vote for peace and security
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#3 Transfer Attempting to make viewers apply their feelings of
love, admiration, distrust, or disgust from one thing to something
else totally unrelated. (blatant and subliminally)
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Republican endorsers say Obama may be a Muslim
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Transfer as Name Dropping Rick Perales mentioned he was at Mitt
Romneys $1,000 a plate fundraiser.
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#4 Testimonial Our customers say
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#5 Plain Folks Many lawfirms are from big cities; Dyer,
Garafalo, Mann and Shultz have always been from right here in
Dayton, Ohio.
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#6 Card Stacking (I simply think of this one as bias)
Emphasizing one side and repressing another.
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#7 Bandwagon Dont be the last on your block to own a new
Chevrolet !
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hundreds of people have taken advantage of . One of the hottest
trends right now
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Trending Now!
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Many different (and similar) techniques have been
added/identified through the years as politics and advertising have
evolved
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Ad Hominem An assertion which usually attacks a person, rather
than looking at the merits of their argument.
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You cant trust Jane Higgins to be your mayor, shes just a
soccer mom! *Reverse ad hominem may work as well Jane Higgins is
such a professionally dressed woman, she will make a great
mayor.
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Appeal to Authority Referring to a well-known expert to
strengthen an argument.
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AP Government teacher Shawn Cook is voting for Vermin Supreme.
What more do you need to know?
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Scientific Appeal Providing the audience with survey results
and statistical evidences to publicize their product. (overlaps
many times with A.T.A.)
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1959 motor Sport Magazine
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Appeal to Elitism Appeal to the audiences desire to be better
than other people.
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Appeal to Tradition Something is better simply because it is
older. This government has worked for over 200 years, why change
it?
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Vote to keep the curfew in effect in Beavercreek, after all,
its been around for 10 years now! any ad with since(year)
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Appeal to Emotion
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Sex Appeal
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Euphemisms and Dysphemisms Euphemism: making something sound
better Dysphemism: making something sound worse
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Car dealerships no longer sell used cars; they sell ______
vehicles.
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Euphemisms Dysphemisms Powder my nose Birds and the Bees
Gentlemens Club F-word N-Word Feminazi Junk Food Snail Mail Idiot
Box Blow chunks Cancer Sticks
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False Dilemma Framing an argument in a misleading way, as
though there are only two possible options. Making illogical
assumptions
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Superintendent Jones opposes school prayer. She must be an
atheist. DirectTV: Dont wake up in a roadside ditch
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Straw-Man Ignoring a person's actual position and substituting
a distorted, or misrepresented version of that position. (very
similar to a false dilemma)
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"Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack
submarine program. I can't understand why he wants to leave us
defenseless like that."
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Fear Disaster will result if people do not follow a particular
course of action. Storm Center 7 Weather can save your life!
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Fear Help! Ive fallen.and I cant get up!!
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Repetition
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Obtain Disapproval Associating the opposite of your message
with individuals or groups your audience dislikes.
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The NRA loves this policy, lets be sure we get it voted
down!
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Topic #3: Hype / Sensationalism
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SERIOUSLY ? Posted: 5:08 a.m. Monday, March 4, 2013 Brace
yourself for a return of snow tonight
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Media The 4 th branch of government? Are the media outlets
actually the ones who set the agenda? SO ? They hype up some
stories
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Multiple reasons lie behind the lack of real investigative
journalism today and the plethora of simplistic, eye- catching
stories. $$$ and Media Conglomerates (more on conglomerates
later)
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Did the shift from issues to character result from the shift
from newspapers to television (and computers today)?
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Freedom of the Press has been crucial in facilitating the
political discourse and education necessary for the maintenance of
democracy. Does the press meet its obligation to provide objective,
issue-based coverage or does the media tend to focus on the trivial
and sensational??
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Topic #4: Ethics
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Freedom of the Press has been crucial in facilitating the
political discourse and education necessary for the maintenance of
democracy. (Code of Ethics)
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Ethics 1. the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment;
moral philosophy 2. the system or code of morals of a particular
person, religion, group, profession, etc.
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Is it ever ethical to.
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WIKILEAKS
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Activity: What is the ethical thing to do? (Juan Williams)
