Chapters 3 Notes

Matter

2.2 lbs = 1 kg

1 kg = 9.8 N

I.Classes of Mattervideo #12

-Matter exists as elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions

*Homogeneous matter: identical properties throughout.

Ex: salt h20

*Heterogeneous matter:

different properties

Ex. Fruit salad, shovel of dirt

II. Mixturesvideo #11

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*two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined.

A. Properties of Mixtures

-substances keep their separate ident and most of their own prop.-may chng in physical appearance.

Ex. Sugar and water, mp, bp

-subst can be present in any amnt.

-subst can be separated out.

 

B. Types of Mixtures

1.Heterogeneous mixture

*particles are large enough to be seen and settle out.

EX: concrete

2. Homogeneous mixture*particles very small and do not

settle out.EX: Stainless steel

*Colloids:

Larger particles but left in suspension

Ex: smoke,

 C. Solutions

*one substance dissolves in another.

Ex. Ocean water, tea, air.

-3 Important Prop of Solutions1.part not large enough to be seen2.part. are evenly spread out(all

parts of sol are ident)3.solution doesn’t settle out of

time

Video #9

*Alloy:

solids dissolved in solids

ex: brass, sterling silver

DEMO

III. Elements videos #10

*Pure Subst: made of only one kind of material and has definite prop

*Element: simplest pure subst. ; cannot be chngd into simpler subst by heating or any chem process-Ex

 

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*Atom:

smallest particle of an element with the prop. of that element.

A.   Elements and Atoms

 

*represent elements

 B. Chem Symbols

IV. Compounds

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*two or more elements chem. combined.

Ex: sugar, baking soda, TNT

• A compound is two or more elements combined together.

• This is a picture of a salt compound.

 -Can be broken down into simp subst.

>by heating, electricity

-The prop of a cmpnd are very diff from the prop of the elements in it.

 

*Molecules: 2 or more atoms chem. bonded together.-smallest particle of a cmpnd that has all the prop of that cmpnd.

• A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that exists alone.

• This is a picture of a water molecule. It is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.

*Chemical Formulas:1. What it is

2. How much

 *Chemical equation: description of a chem. rxn using symbols and formulas.

Chemical equation:1. What you put in

2. What you get out

3. How much

*Law of conservation of mass:

*Law of conservation of nrg:

*nrg: ability to do work

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*Diatomic Molecules: (super 7)

Br, I, N, Cl, H, O, F

*Chemical Rxn:

1. Bubbles

2. Formation of a precipitate

3. Heat and light given off

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