Chapters 28, 29 & 30

Week 10

Chapter 28

• Reflextive Pronouns and Adjectives

• Irregular Adjectives

• Comparison of Adverbs

• Cum Clauses

Reflexive Pronoun

• Refer back to subject– laudo me

• I praise myself.

– Paulus laudat se.• Paul praises himself.

• Thus, no nominative form when used as a pronoun

Reflexive PronounSingular 1st 2nd 3rd

Nom -- -- --

Gen mei tui sui

Dat mihi tibi sibi

Acc me te se

Abl me te se

Singular 1st 2nd 3rd

Nom -- -- --

Gen nostri vestri sui

Dat nobis vobis sibi

Acc nos vos se

Abl nobis vobis se

Reflexive Adjective - Suus

Singular Plural

1st meus, a, um noster, nostri

2nd tuus, a, um vester, vestri

3rd suus, a, um sui, suae, sua

Irregular Ajectives“one, a, an”

Nom unus una unum

Gen unius unius unius

Dat uni uni uni

Acc unum unam unum

Abl uno una uno

Irregular Adjectivesalius, alia, aliud

Gen: alius

Dat: alio

alter, altera, alterum

Gen: alterius

Dat: altero

nullus, nulla, nullum

Gen: nullius

Dat: nullo

solus, sola, solum

Gen: solius

Dat: soli

totus, tota, totum

Gen: totius

Dat: toti

Comparison of Adverbs

• Positive Formation

• Add to base of adjective either: -e (1st/2nd declension)

• laetus (happy) = laete (happily)

-iter (3rd declension)• simplex (simple) = simpliciter (simply)

-er (3rd declension w/base ending in -nt-) Sapiens (wise) = sapienter (wisely)

Comparison of Adverbs

• Comparative - “rather happily” Adjectival Base + -ius

• laetus = laetius • Identical to neut, acc, sing comparative adjective

• Superlative - “most, very happily” Superlative Adjective + -e

laetissmus + -e = laetissime

Cum Clauses• Indicates temporal, circumstantial, causal and

concessive clauses• Cum Clauses in Subjunctive

– Circumstantial• cum Paulus viveret, laudavit Deum.

– When Paulus lived, he praised God.

– Causal• cum in Christo credam, servor.

– Since I believe in Christ, I am saved.

– Concessive• cum eum monerem, tamen ad Romam eabat.

– Although I warned him, still he went to Rome.

Chapter 29

• Indefinite Pronouns

• Dative of Purpose

• Double Dative

Indefinite Pronouns

• aliquis, aliquid = someone, something

• quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumeque = whoever, whatever

• quidam, quaedam, quiddam = “certain one or thing”

• quidam, quaedam, quoddam = “certain”

Dative of Purpose

• Expresses purpose or effect– Lingua Latina usui est.

• The Latin language is for (the purpose of) use.

– Gladius auxilio est.• The sword is for (the purpose of) help.

• Dative of Reference (Double Dative)– Lingua Latina usui est mihi.

• The Latin language is for (the purpose of) use for me.

– Gladius auxilio est ei.• The sword is for (the purpose of) help for him.

Chapter 30

• Passive Infinitive

• Negative Imperative

• Indirect Statement

Present Passive Infinitive

Active Passive

laudare To praise laudari To be praised

monere To warn moneri To be warned

ducere To lead duci To be led

capere To seize capi To be seized

audire To hear audiri To be heard

FormationFirst/Second/Fourth: replace -e with -iThird/Third IO: replace -ere with -i

Negative Imperative

• Formation:– Noli (sing) or Nolite (pl) + infinitive

• Noli laudare hominem! (Do not praise man!)• Nolite laudare hominem! (Do not praise man!)

– Non or Ne + Pres or Perf Subjunctive• Non laudes hominem! Or Non laudaveris hominem!• Ne laudetis hominem! Or Non laudaveritis hominem!

– Non + Future Indicative• Non laudabis hominem!• Non laudabitis hominem!

Indirect Statement

• Credimus et confitemur scripturas Canonicas sanctorum Prophetarum et Apostolorum utriusque Testamenti, ipsum verum esse verbum Dei et authoritatem sufficientem ex semetipsis, non ex hominibus habere.

• utriusque: utrius + que; gen, single; “each”

• semetipsis: abl, pl; “itself”

Indirect Statement• Subject Accusative + Infinitive

– Verbs of thinking, feeling, saying, believing, etc.

• Simultaneous time = present infinitive– Present: “We believe…has…”

• Credimus … habere

– Past: “We were beliving…was having/had…”• Credibamus…habere

– Future: “We will believe…has..”• Credamus…habere