CHEMISTRY OF LIFEChapters 2 and 3

2.1 Atomic structure is the basis for Life’s Chemistry

It is assumed that this is all prior knowledge since you had chemistry.

Atomic structure, basic terminology, octet rule and role of valence electrons in bonding.

6 key elements in biochemicals

2.2 Atoms Interact and Form Molecules

Still considered previous knowledge!!

Be able to compare and contrast ionic, covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen, and hydrophobic interactions. Know key examples AS RELEVANT TO LIFE Know how the bond is formed and relative

strength Predict resulting charge/dipoles

What is likely to happen to ionic compounds in a biological system? (water based!)

2.2 Atoms Interact and Form Molecules

How many covalent bonds does carbon like to form? Why? With what other atoms?

How does the electronegativity of an atom affect its bonding tendencies? Which highly electronegative atoms do we

need to worry about in Biology?

2.2.3 Hydrogen bonds may form within or between molecules with polar covalent bonds

Relate the polarity of the water molecule to each of the following properties of water: High heat capacity and heat of vaporization Cohesion Adhesion Ability to dissolve certain substances (which?)

Now go back and discuss the significance of each of these properties with regard to living things

Apply the phrase “like dissolves like”

2.2.5 Functional groups confer specific properties to biological molecules

Functional Groups – what are they? What behaviors do they “attach” to a molecule? Be able to predict how chemicals will react based on

their collection of functional groups. Yes, you must memorize the list and their

properties.

2.2.5 Functional groups confer specific properties to biological molecules

Monomers vs. Polymers How are they built/broken down? Know the

reactions Other name for condensation? Be able to name monomers/polymers for carbs,

proteins and nucleic acids

2.3 Carbohydrates consist of Sugar molecules

What structural similarities do carbohydrates have?

What are the roles of carbohydrates in living things?

Differentiate between simple and complex sugars in terms of energy usage.

2.3.1 Monosaccharides are simple sugars

Know the significance of the following monosaccharides: glucose, ribose and deoxyribose

How can different sugars have the same formula? What are these called? Example? What significance does this have biologically?

2.3.2 Glycosidic linkages bond monosaccharides

How are monosaccharides linked to form di-, oligo-, polysaccharides?

2.3.3 Polysaccharides store energy and provide structural materials

Compare and contrast the structure and function of starch, collagen and glycogen

2.4 Lipids are hydrophibic molecules

How does the structure of lipids compare to that of carbs?

Identify the functions of lipids in living things

2.4.1 Fats and oils are Triglycerides

How are triglycerides made?

Differentiate between the structure of fats and oils

What aspect of the structure makes it such a successful energy storage molecule?

2.4.2 Phospholipids form biological membranes

Describe the structure of a phospholipid

How does it differ from a triglyceride?

How does this difference enable phospholipids to serve as the barrier of the cell?

2.5.1 There are two basic types of energy

Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy as it applies to metabolism

2.5.2 There are two basic types of metabolism

Provide biologically relevant examples of anabolic and catabolic reactions

Diagram the energy changes that happen during anabolic and catabolic reactions and be able to explain in terms of ΔG

2.5.3 Biochemical changes obey physical laws

Relate the laws of thermodynamics (1 and 2) to biological systems