PeriodizationPeriodization

Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6c

W. Europe after the Fall of the W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

• First major group to hold power after 476 – First major group to hold power after 476 – The FranksThe Franks

• W. Europe power now based in W. Europe power now based in Germany/France instead of ItalyGermany/France instead of Italy

• ***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic ***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic ChristianityChristianity– Leader Leader ClovisClovis rules from 481-511 rules from 481-511– Ensures Franks are dominant political & military Ensures Franks are dominant political & military

power in W. Europepower in W. Europe– By becoming Christian – Franks get support from By becoming Christian – Franks get support from

the Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europethe Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europe

CharlemagneCharlemagne• Carolingians replace Franks Carolingians replace Franks

in W. Europe, led by in W. Europe, led by CharlemagneCharlemagne

• Re-est. Centralized rule in Re-est. Centralized rule in (briefly) in Europe(briefly) in Europe

• Extended territory throughout Extended territory throughout EuropeEurope

• Diplomatic relations Diplomatic relations w/Byzantines, Abbasid w/Byzantines, Abbasid Caliphate and othersCaliphate and others

• Local rule by counts - Missi Local rule by counts - Missi Dominici used to keep them in Dominici used to keep them in lineline

• Crowned Emperor in 800 by Crowned Emperor in 800 by PopePope

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

Viking ShipsViking Ships

Breakdown of Charlemagne’s EmpireBreakdown of Charlemagne’s Empire

Muslims

Vikings

Magyars

• Results?Results?– Europe breaks down into complete Europe breaks down into complete

regionalismregionalism– Many small, regional states and Many small, regional states and

kingdoms carved out of W. Europekingdoms carved out of W. Europe– Feudalism becomes the dominant Feudalism becomes the dominant

political/economic orderpolitical/economic order– New decentralized system in placeNew decentralized system in place

• Order is now placed at the Order is now placed at the local levellocal level

FeudalismFeudalismA decentralized political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

KNIGHT

SQUIRE

PAGE

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at work at work

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism:

St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.

Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

England England

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

King John IKing John I Runnymeade “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament

Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved:

o House of Lords nobles & clergy.o House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

France France

Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style

Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows.

“Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade

Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest

Medieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities

Oxford UniversityOxford University

Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval TradeMedieval Trade

Medieval GuildsMedieval Guilds

Guild Guild HallHall

Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild

• 1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 bullet points (as you would if you were bullet points (as you would if you were doing document analysis on a DBQ)doing document analysis on a DBQ)

• 2. What is the author’s point of view (why 2. What is the author’s point of view (why would he be writing something like this at would he be writing something like this at this time / place?)this time / place?)

• 3. How does understanding his POV give 3. How does understanding his POV give us a better understanding of the time us a better understanding of the time period?period?