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CHAPTER.6
A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED TOURIST PLACES IN MYSORE
CITY
6.1. Introduction:
Mysore is the heritage city of State of Karnataka. It is famous for Palaces,
Lakes, Museums, parks, and religious places etc. in early days the Karnataka State
was called as Mysore. India became republic in 1950 and in the same year linguistic
province was formed and then Mysore State renamed as Karnataka State256. The
recorded history of Karnataka begins with the rule the Ashoka in the 3rd century A.D.
the Maurayan Empire had its base in central Karnataka and after them the
Sathavahanas and the Pallavas too ruled Karnataka. The Kadambas of Banavasi were
the first Kannadigas to rule over Karnataka. The Chalukyas enriched the kannada
literature and began to bloom. The ancient “Kavirajamarga” written by Sri Vijaya in
Rastrakutas empire in 850 B.C. describe Karnataka as a vast land stretching from the
river Godavari in north to Cauvery in the South.
Karnataka is the eighth largest State in the Indian union and hosts 5% of the
National population. The State is the largest base for the Information Technology
Enabled Services (IT/ITES) sector and is also a major investment destination for other
sectors such as biotechnology, aerospace, automobile engineering, sericulture and
floriculture, mining and renewable energy. Karnataka is also the primary gold
producing centre in India and the largest producer of steel in India257.
6.2. Brief Introduction to Karnataka tourism
Karnataka has a rich heritage, inspiring its people to create a bright future.
With its special geographical location full of variety, its rivers, hills, valleys, plains,
forests and resources the State is known for its tourist and industrial potential. Its long
history of over 2,000 years has left many beautiful forts, tanks, temples, mosques,
churches and towns of historical importance to the posterity. These old towns have
256 State of Karnataka was formed 1st November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganization Act, originally as the State of Mysore. 257 www.ibef.org visited on 13-12-2013 at 7-30 pm.
202
grown to be industrial, commercial and educational centers. They are provided with
all modern facilities.
A region inhabited predominantly by Kannada speaking people, it is situated
in the west-central part of peninsular India. Bordered by the Western Ghats with tall
peaks and lush greenery in the west, the tableland is fertile because of its black soil
and river and tank irrigation facilities. The coastal strip to the west of the Ghats is
renowned for its silvery beaches and rich green paddy fields. Karnataka has rich
religious and artistic traditions. A poet in a stone record has described the land in the
15th century in the following words:
A mine of good discipline,
The dwelling place of Brahma,
The land, which had acquired great fortune,
The birthplace of learning and wealth,
The true home of unequalled splendid earnestness.
Thus distinguished in many ways
Shone the lovely Karnata Country258.
Tourism industry in Karnataka is on a great boom at the moment and has
become a major global tourist destination and tourism industry is exploiting this
potential to the hilt. Travel and tourism industry is the second highest foreign
exchange earner for India, and the Government has given travel and tourism
organization export house status.
A unified Karnataka existed from the time of Chalukya king, Pulikeshi (610-
642 AD) for almost five centuries. The Arab visitor Sulaiman (in 851 A.D) described
it as one of the four great empires of the world. The kingdom also received high
praise from the traveler, Huien Tsang. The Vijayanagar Empire promoted painting,
sculpture, literature and fine arts. But this unified Karnataka was divided into several
parcels, many of which were attached to other political entities, took place during
British rule for historical and administrative reasons. Only the princely State of
Mysore had population that was predominantly Kannada speaking.
258 Hand Book of Karnataka, Published by Gazetteer Department of Karnataka Banglore, 2001, p.1.
203
The erstwhile princely State of Mysore came into existence after the Fourth
Anglo Mysore war in 1799 A.D and it formed the nucleus State for the new State of
Mysore, under the State’s Reorganization Act, of 1956. The area reported
corresponding to the unit was 75,412 sq.km. In 1881 this unit consisted only seven
districts namely Bangalore, Tumkur, Kolar, Kadur, Mysore, Chitradurga and
Shimoga. In 1886 Hassan district was carved out as eighth district and in 1939,
Mandya district was created as the ninth district. In 1953, the Bellary district of
Madras State (Excluding Adoni, Alur and Rayadurga taluks) was transferred to
Mysore State when the State of Andhra Pradesh was formed, resulting in an addition
of 9,897 sq.km to the area of the State259. On the day of first November 1956, nine
Kannada speaking territories of States bordering Mysore the Bombay and Madras
Presidencies, the princely State of Hyderabad and Coorg State, were merged with the
then ten districts of the old State of Mysore. Kannada became the official language of
the Mysore State (i.e., Karnataka State).
The present erstwhile Mysore district was divided into two districts i.e.,
Mysore and Chamarajanagara districts. Out of eleven taluks of old Mysore district,
Chamarajanagar, Gundlupet, Kollegala and Yelandur taluks were transferred to newly
formed Chamarajanagar district, while the remaining seven taluks viz., H.D. Kote,
Hunsur, K.R. Nagar, Mysore, Nanjangud, Periyapatna and T. Narasipura taluks
formed part of Mysore district. At present the Karnataka 30 districts, State Legislative
Assembly comprising 225 members and the Legislative Council with 75 members.
Karnataka has vast untapped resources in its land, forest, minerals, water
sources and manpower. Even from historical times it has been the home of world
famous sandalwood, sandalwood oil, teak wood, spices and gold. These products
virtually enjoyed a covetable position in the world. In the output of minerals like gold,
limestone, quartz, asbestos and vanadium Karnataka had secured the first place
among the States of the country and in other minerals like chromites, tungsten and
kainite, the second place. The State is noted for its rich potentiality in iron ore, copper
ore and dolomite and electric power; the State possesses the largest iron ore-mining
project at Kudremukh. In sericulture, Karnataka stands first in India. The Mysore silk
and silk products have attracted merchants from all over the country and it has
secured a good market all over the world. The State has the target area under the
259 Government of Karnataka Notification No.RD42.LRD.87 part.3, Bangalore, dated 25.3.1998
204
commercial crops in coffee and pepper. It tops the list in the country in the production
of coffee and areca nut and takes only the next place in so far as cardamom and
pepper are concerned. Considering in general the overall economic position,
Karnataka stands the fifth among the States of the country260.
6.2. A. Location and Boundaries.
The State of Karnataka, confined roughly within 11o 35׀ North and 18o 30׀
North latitudes and 75o 5׀ East and 78o35׀ East longitude, is situated on a table land
where the Western and Eastern Ghat ranges converge into the Nilgiri hills complex. It
is located in the Western part of Deccan Peninsular region of India. The State is
bounded by Maharastra and Goa States in the north and northwest by the Arabian Sea
in the west; Kerala and Tamilnadu States in the south and by the State of Andhra
Pradesh in the east. The State extends to about 750 km from north to south and about
400 km from east to west261.
6.2. B. Topography
Karnataka has representatives of all types of variations in topography – high
mountains, plateaus, residual hills and coastal plains. Chains of mountains to its west,
east and south enclose the State. It consists mainly of plateau, which has higher
elevation of 600 to 900 meters above mean sea level. The entire landscape is
undulating broken up by mountains and deep ravines. Plain land of elevation less than
300 meters above mean sea level is to be found only in the narrow coastal belt, facing
the Arabian sea. There are quite a few high peaks both in Western and Eastern Ghat
systems with altitudes more than 1,500 meters. A series of cross sections drawn from
west to east across the Western Ghat generally exhibit, a narrow coastal plain
followed to the east by small and short plateaus at different altitudes, then suddenly
rising up to great heights. Then follows the gently east and east-north-west sloping
plateau. Among the tallest peaks of Karnataka are the Mullayana Giri (1,925 m),
Bababudanagiri (Chandra drona Parvata, 1,894m) and the Kudremukh (1,895 m) all in
Chikmagalur district and the Pushpagiri (1,908m) in Kodagu district. There are a
dozen peaks, which rise above the height of 1,500 meters. The percentage of area
coming under different elevations is as follows: less than 150 meters – 5.16; 150 to
300 meters – 1.95; 300 to 600 meters – 43.51; 600 to 1350 meters 48.81 and more
than 1,350 meters – 0.57.
260 Gazetteer of India: Karnataka State Gazetteer, Published by Government of Karnataka Bangalore,1998 p.3 261 A hand Book Karnataka op.cit,P.1
205
STATE KARNATAKA (Map-1)
Source: www.karnatakamap.com
206
6.2. C. Karnataka Population 2011
As per details from Census 2011, Karnataka has population of 6.11 Crores, an
increase from figure of 5.29 Crore in 2001 census. Total population of Karnataka as
per 2011 census is 61,095,297 of which male and female are 30,966,657 and
30,128,640 respectively. In 2001, total population was 52,850,562 in which males
were 26,898,918 while females were 25,951,644262.
6.2. D. Karnataka Population Growth Rate
The total population growth in this decade was 15.60 percent while in
previous decade it was 17.25 percent. The population of Karnataka forms 5.05 percent
of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure was 5.14 percent263.
6.2. E. Karnataka Literacy Rate 2011
Literacy rate in Karnataka has seen upward trend and is 75.36 percent as per
2011 population census. Of that, male literacy stands at 82.47 percent while female
literacy is at 66.01 percent. In 2001, literacy rate in Karnataka stood at 66.64 percent
of which male and female were 76.06 percent and 57.80 percent literate
respectively. In actual numbers, total literates in Karnataka stands at 40,647,322 of
which males were 22,508,471 and females were 18,138,851264.
6.2. F. Karnataka Density 2011
Total area of Karnataka is 191,791 sq. km. Density of Karnataka is 319 per sq
km which is lower than National average 382 per sq km. In 2001, density of
Karnataka was 276 per sq km, while Nation average in 2001 was 324 per sq km265.
6.2. G. Karnataka Sex Ratio
Sex Ratio in Karnataka is 973 i.e. for each 1000 male, which is below
National average of 940 as per census 2011. In 2001, the sex ratio of female was 964
per 1000 males in Karnataka266.
262 Census of India 2011. 263 Id 264 Id 265 Id 266 Id p.6
207
6.2. H. Administrative Divisions.
Karnataka State has been divided into four revenue divisions, 49 sub-
divisions, 30 districts, 270 towns and 745 hoblies / revenue circles for administrative
purposes. The Bangalore Division comprises of Bangalore (urban), Bangalore rural,
Tumkur, Kolar, Chitradurga, Shimoga and Davanagere districts with headquarters at
Bangalore. The Mysore division consists of the district of Mysore, Mandya, Hassan,
Chikmagalur, Dakshina Kannada, Kodagu, Udupi and Chamarajanagar with head
quarters at Mysore. The Belgaum division has Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharawad, Gadag,
Haveri, Uttara Kannada and Bagalkot districts under its jurisdiction with head
quarters at Belgaum; and Gulberga division with head quarters at Gulberga covers the
districts of Bidar, Gulberga, Bellary, Raichur and Koppal.
The State has 29,406 villages, 270 towns and urban agglomerations, 6060
Gram Panchayats and 218 Municipal Corporations. Karnataka has only one city with
more than a million population viz., Bangalore. It is one of the sixth largest urban
agglomerations out of 23 metropolises, urban agglomerations and cities in India.
The State of Karnataka is one of the top ten domestic tourism destinations in
India and was ranked 4th in 2012267. The State has various tourism assets such as
beaches, hill stations, heritage monuments, National parks, wild life sanctuaries etc.
Given the variety of the tourism assets, the State is promoted under the tagline “One
State, many worlds”
Karnataka’s tourism industry has many reasons to be delighted. Recent data
indicates that close to 9 crore tourists visited the State in 2012 compared to 3.87 crore
in 2010 and 8.41. The recently released Karnataka Economic Survey Report 2012-13
showed the tourist flow registered a whopping growth rate 117% in the past few
years268. Karnataka now officially ranks fourth among all States as popular
destinations are Hampi, Pattadakall, Badami, Aihole, Belur-Halibed, Bijapur, Jog,
Mysore and Karwar. Tourism products of Karnataka are so varied that very few
countries in the world can provide such a mix of nature, richness of architecture,
wildlife, festivities, shopping in one nature, richness of architecture, wild life,
festivities, shopping in one destination. Thus Karnataka holidays provide real tourists
267 Karnataka Economic Survey Report 2012-13 268. Id p.6
208
experience. The travellers of all ages, all budgets and all interest can find their visit
very satisfying.
The major tourism destination in Karnataka can be classified under the
following tourism themes described below:
A. Heritage and cultural tourism: Hampi, Badami, Pattadakal, AIhole, Mysore
palaces, Srirangapatna etc.
B. Environmental tourism and ecotourism: Nationsal Parks at Bandipur, BR
Hills, Rajiv Gandhi Nationsal Park, Kudremukh Nationsal Park.
C. Beach tourism: Mangalore, Karwar, Gokarna, Malpe
D. Pilgrimage tourism:
a. Hindu temples- kukke Subramanya, Dharmasthal Manjunatheshwara
Temple, Chamundeshwari Temple, Mysore.
b. jain basadis-mudabidre, karkalla and statue of the Bahubali Shravana
belagola and Vennur etc.
c. Churches, St, Aloysius church, Milagres, St, Philominas churh etc,.
d. Mosques and Dargahs – jama masjid, Dargah of syeed madani etc.
E. Adventure tourism- white water rafting –Dandeli, Kempol, sitanadi,
netravathi.
a. Rock climbing-Ramanagara, Badami. Trekking- Shimoga,
Chikmagalur, Hasan, Kodagu,
b. Angling Cauvery fishing camp, aero sports in Hebbal in Bangluru.
F. Hill stations- Coorg, Chickmagalur, Agumbe, B.R.Hills, Nandi Hills, jog falls
City tourism and MICE tourism in Bangluru and Mysuru.
6.2. I. Tourism policies in Karnataka:
The Government of Karnataka provides more importance to development of
tourism and also made some policies for the development of tourism. There is
separate tourism department i.e. Karnataka State Department of Tourism Corporation
(KSTDC) playing vital role for the development of tourism in Karnataka.
209
The Governments of Karnataka announced the new tourism policy for five
consecutive years 2015 to 2020. The Policy aims to make Karnataka a sought-after
destination for both domestic and International travelers. The goal is to develop the
State as a leading destination, both within India as well as in the world, in the next
five years.
The tourism schemes identified include hotels and resorts, Cruise Tourism,
Adventure Tourism, caravan parks, museums and galleries, Ecotourism centres,
tourism information and interpretation centres, wayside amenities, and Rural Tourism.
The Policy has divided these projects into three categories, viz. mega projects (Rs
100-500 crore); ultra mega projects (Rs 500-Rs 1,000 crore); and super mega projects
(Rs 1,000 crore and above) in terms of the project size. The Policy also assures
additional incentives of ten per cent to investors who want to take up schemes in
destinations falling under Focus Tourist Destination (FTD)269.
The Karnataka Tourism Policy 2015-2020 announces a galore of generous
concessions and subsidies for eligible entities willing to develop tourism projects in
the State. These concessions encompass rebates, exemption of applicable taxes,
charges, duties and others and can be availed by eligible entities based on the
geographical pre-defined categories into which they propose to develop tourism
projects as outlined in the policy. The policy defines geographical regions are Focus
Tourism Destinations (FTD), FTDs are 40 places identified across the State for
tourism development under urban tourism, heritage tourism, nature tourism (Western
Ghats), wildlife tourism, wellness tourism, religious tourism and coastal tourism,
while Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholi, Chittapura, Kalaburgi, Jevargi and Sedam of
Kalaburgi district and Shahpura, Surpura and Yadgir of Yadgir district constitute the
HKR. The policy offers 100 percent exemption on stamp duty and 100 percent
reimbursement of land conversion fee for developing tourism projects in FTDs, HKR,
most backward and more backward regions. Investments in tourism projects have
been categorized into mega projects for projects valued between Rs.100 crore and
Rs.500 crore, ultra mega projects for projects valued between Rs.500 crore and
Rs.1,000 crore and super mega projects for projects valued above Rs.1,000 crore. As
per the new policy, mega projects are eligible for 100 percent entry tax exemption on
plant and machinery and capital goods for a period of five years from the date of 269 www.karnanatakatourism.com visited on 25-07-2014 0n 7-45 pm.
210
commencement of project implementation. Entertainment parks classified as ultra
mega projects and super mega projects are eligible for reimbursement of
entertainment tax for the first five years. Tour operators and tourism project
proponents in Karnataka will be exempt from paying motor vehicle tax for a
maximum of five vehicles bought for tourism-related activities.
6.3. Tourism in Mysore and its growth:
The Mysore city governed by Municipal Corporation which comes under
Mysore metropolitan Region. The Mysore city one of the beautiful and clean city in
Karnataka as well as in India. As per the census of India 2011, Mysore city
population is 887446 of which male and female are 443813 and 443633 respectively,
although Mysore city has population of 887446 its urban/ metropolitan population is
983893 of which 493692 are males and 490201 are females.
The literacy rate of Mysore city in education is total 702896, of which
363157 are males while 339739are females average literacy rate of Mysore city is
86.84% of which male and female literacy was 89.96% and 83.73% and The sex
Ratio of Mysore city is 1000 for 1000 males, child sex ration of the girl is 945 /1000
boy270.
Mysore city is one of the famous historical and tourist place of South India,
the city is popular tourist destination, offering several attractions ranging from the
royal splendor of Mysore palace and its fabulous Dasara festival, Mysore Zoo, Sri
Chamundeshwari temple Churches, Mosques etc. in addition, there are number of
tourist places around Mysore city i.e. Brindavan gardens, Ranganathittu Bird
Sanctuary, Summer palace of Tiipu, Sri Ranganatha temple, and Jamia Masjid,
Balmuri Falls at Srirangapattna which belongs to Mandya District, and
Najundeshwara temple at Nanjangud, Mysore district.
The city covers an area of 128.42 km2 (50 sq mi) and is situated at the base of
the Chamundi hill. Mysore is one of the most important tourist centers
of India. Mysore is also known as Palace City of India. The Mysore Palace in the city
is the most visited place in India, beating Red Fort, Qutub Minar and the Taj Mahal in
270 Id p.6
211
2006 number of tourist arrivals. The New York Times recently listed Mysore as one
of the 31 must-see places on Earth for two consecutive years271.
It is pertinent to note that Mysore attracts nearly 3.5 million tourists every year,
and the tourism sector has witnessed a rapid growth in the last decade. While the
number of tourists visiting the city used to hover around 1.5 million about 10 years
ago, the growth period commenced from 2003-04. The tourist footfall crossed the
two-million mark in 2005-06, and reached the three million mark in 2010. The city
clocked the 3.5 million mark in 2011, which has been the best year as far as the
number of tourists visiting the city is concerned. But, there has been a slight dip since
then though the figures are above three million. One of the reasons for Mysore’s
emergence as a favorite destination for tourists is the easy access to places of interest,
all of which can be covered within a day. The must-visit on a tourist’s itinerary
includes the palace, Chamundi Hills, zoo, KRS and the Brindavan Gardens, apart
from Srirangapatna and Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary. But in recent years,
conventional tourists on a guided tour are being supplanted by weekend travellers
from Bangalore and other cities, who use Mysore as the base camp to visit or explore
Kodagu, Belur-Halebid-Shravanabelagola, Bandipur-Nagarhole, the Tibetan
settlement at Bylakuppe and Somnathpur, among others. The growth in tourism has
also coincided with the emergence of Mysore as a centre for Yoga and the city plays
host to a significant number of International tourists these are all tourism tag of
Mysore city.
271 Krishna Kumar, R “Mysore Palace beats Taj Mahal in Popularity” The Hindu, 17-08-2007
212
Map-2
Glimpses of Revenue from Tourism in Mysore
Table .6.1. Revenue of Mysore Palace
Year Visitors Revenue
2009-10 2.76 (in Millions) 6.50 (in Crore)
2010-11 3.23 7.24
2011-12 3.52 7.67
2012-13 3.3 12.38
2013-14 3.3 12.65
Source: www.business-standard, 2015
213
Table.6.2. Revenue of Mysore Zoo and Karanji Lake
Mysore Zoo 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
1 No, of Visitors (in Lakhs) 30.33 30.36 30.49
2 Gate Revenue (In Lakhs) 1190.32 1202.62 1310.14
Karnaji Lake
1 No. of Visitors 2.59 2.85 3.19
2 Gate Revenue 56.21 65.19 73.21
Total Revenue Non-audited
1 Total Revenue (in Lakhs) 1498.67 1539.11 1647.84
Source: mysorezoo.info
Mysore tourist places can classified in the fallowing,
A. Palaces
B. Religious Places
C. Lakes
D. Parks and Mysore Zoo
E. Museums
6.3. A. Palaces
a) Mysore Palace (Appendix.1, Photo.6.1): The old Mysore Palace was destroyed
by fire, in February 1887, then initiation was taken for the construction of the new
palace in year 1897. The design and building plans were approved by the architect
of the vice-regal Lodge, Simla, and Henry Irwin who was the consultant architect
to the Government of the Madras Presidency. The actual construction was
supervised by Ragavulu, A.C .E the construction of the palace was completed in
1912. It cost Rs, 41, 47,912 (4.14 Million) the Mysore palace situated in the centre
of the city. It was the official residence of the former royal family of Mysore and
also housed the durbar (royal offices). The term "Palace of Mysore" specifically
refers to AmbaVilas.
b) Lalitha Mahal (Appendix.1.Photo.6.2): is the second largest palace in Mysore.
It is located near the Chamundi Hills, east of the city. The architect of this palace
214
was Mr E W Fritchley. The palace was built by Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV in 1921
for the exclusive stay of the Viceroy of India. The palace is pure white in colour
and is built in the style of Italian palazzo with twin Ionic columns and domes. It
also has a sprawling terrace and landscaped gardens. At present Lalitha Mahal
palace is one of the top hotels in Mysore.
c) Jaganmohana palace (Appendix.1.Photo.6.3): was built in 1861 by Krishnaraja
Wodeyar III in a predominantly Hindu style to serve as an alternate palace for the
royal family. This palace housed the royal family when the older Mysore Palace
was burnt down by a fire in the 1887. The palace has three floors and has stained
glass shutters and ventilators. It has housed the Sri Jayachamarajendra Art Gallery
since the year 1915. The collections exhibited here include paintings from the
famous Indian painter, Raja Ravi Verma, the Russian painter Svetoslav Roerich
and many paintings of the Mysore painting style.
d) Jayalakshmi Mansion (Appendix.1.Photo.6.4): was built in 1905 by Chamaraja
Wodeyar for his eldest daughter Jayalakshmi Devi. This mansion has three wings
and contains a series of twin Corinthian and Ionic columns, regal pediments and
oval ventilators. The mansion was originally built with a cost of Rs. 7 lakhs. This
mansion was acquired by the Mysore University to house its post-graduate
campus. It was renovated in 2002 from funding provided by Infosys Foundation.
The main hall in this mansion is the Kalyana Mantapa which has an eight-petal
shaped dome with stained glass windows with a gold-plated Kalasha (tower) at the
top. A new gallery called Writer's Gallery has been created in the Kalyana
Mantapa hall that will exhibit personal items, photographs, awards and writings of
renowned writers of Kannada. A special illuminations system has also been added
to this heritage structure. This mansion is said to be the first university museum
complex in the country.
6.3. B. Religious Places.
a. Chamundeshwari Temple (Appendix.1.Photo.6.5): Chamundeshwari temple
is situated in Chamundi hill. It is close to the palace city of Mysore. Its average
elevation is 1,000 metres. A panoramic view of the city is seen from the top of
the hills. It has views of the Lalitha Mahal palace, Mysore Palace, Karanji and
Kukkarahalli lakes. At dusk, the view of the city is especially beautiful, and on
215
Sunday evenings and during the Dasara festival, the illuminated Mysore Palace
glitters like gold. Revenue of this temple yearly is 14 crore272
b. St. Philominas Church (Appendix.1.Photo.6.6): St.Philomena's Church was
built in 1956 and is one of the largest churches in the country. St. Philomena's
Cathedral is among the most majestic churches in India. Drawing inspiration
from Germany's Cologne Cathedral, this colossal church built in the neo-Gothic
style.
c. St.Bartholomew’s Church (Appendix.1.Photo.6.7): it was built on the land
donated by the Maharaja of Mysore, Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799-1868), and
it was consecrated in 1830. The church was constructed in 1832 with
contributions from military officers and civilians. In 1847, the church was
affiliated to the Anglican denomination and handed over to the Madras
Government in 1852.
6.3. C. Lakes of Mysore
a. Karanji Lake (Appendix.1.Photo.6.8): Karanji Lake is situated at the bottom of
the Chamundi hills and is very close to the city. It is a natural lake with a total
area of 90 hectares; This Lake is looked after by the Mysore Zoo authority. It is a
good place to spend time, where huge green cover and the shady water front is
there. Boating is available in the lake. The ideal way to see Karanji Lake is to
stroll through the shore line and see whatever comes on the way. It is a great
heaven for migratory birds like herons, Painted storks etc.
b. Kukkaranahalli Lake (Appendix.1.Photo.6.9): This Lake was established in the
year 1864, to provide water for irrigation purpose for the areas outside the Mysore
city. The water of this lake was later used as a source of water supply to the
Mysore city. This lake is situated within the campus of Mysore University at the
heart of the city. The lake is partly arboretum and partly aquatic habitat. But,
unfortunately, over the years the lake has deteriorated. Tourists and some other
people are used to walk and jog in the morning and evening.
c. Lingabudi Lake (Appendix.1.Photo.6.10): One of the famous lake of the
Mysore city, this is place to enjoy some solitude bliss. This lake is located at
272 www.inmysore.com, visited on 15-3, 2015 at 8.30.
216
Srirampura, just 8 kms from the city of Mysore; this is place for nature lovers.
Besides the tourists, this scenic lake also invites a lot of migratory birds and is
home to around 250 species of birds. This lake qualifies to be a bio diversity lake
which allows the visitors to enjoy walking on the sidewalks of the lake. Besides,
the beautifully laden garden just next to the lake ia also another attraction. The
lake is open for tourists from 6 in the morning till 6 in the evening. Reaching the
lake is a very easy task and many buses are available for Lingabudi Lake from the
city bus center.
6.3. D. Parks and Mysore Zoo.
a. Happy Man Park (Appendix.1.Photo.6.11): The Happy Man Park
near Kamakshi Hospital, some three kilometers from the railway station, is a
very popular hangout of children and parents. The park is quite compact in size
but contains a mini zoo and many hens and ducks roam around the lawns freely.
The park is landscaped with a little stream and ‘wooden’ bridges. Some kind of
radio or music is played through little loudspeakers scattered around the park.
b. Butterfly Park (Appendix.1.Photo.6.12): It is situated in Karanji lake. This
consists of a medium-sized bird park, boating and a very good children play
area. Parks, Gardens & children play areas.
Mysore has about 180 parks and playgrounds. Most of the residential areas
have their own small parks: e.g. Ambedkar Park in Jayanagar a southern city
district has a 500-metre perimeter footpath. The newly built Andolan Circle
Park has a walking track that takes five minutes for one round. This park is near
Kuvempu Nagar in South Mysore.
c. Mysore Zoo (Appendix.1. Photo.6.13): Mysore Zoo is one of the oldest and
most popular zoos in India. Located on the outskirts of Mysore, the zoo is home
to a wide range of wild species. The official name for the zoo is Shri
Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, though it is known commonly by its
shortened name. Mysore Zoo is one of the city’s most popular tourist attractions
of Mysore. It was established under royal patronage in 1892.
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6.3. E. Museums in Mysore:
a. Mysore Sand Sculpture Museum (Appendix.1. Photo.6.14): With 115
truckloads of sand and with more than 150 huge sculptures. Displaying more than
16 themes of the Heritage of Mysore. Situated on Chamundi hills main road.
b. Regional Museum of Natural History (Photo.6.15): This museum is located on
the banks of the Karanji Lake in Mysore and has exhibits related to biological
diversity, ecology and geology of Southern India.
c. Indira Gandhi Rastriya Manava Vasthu Sangrahalaya (Appendix.1. Photo.
6.16):
Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya (IGRMS) it is a National museum
dedicated to anthropology (study of humankind), particularly in respect of India.
Its regional centre is situated in the city of Mysore - known as the Southern
Regional Centre of IGRMS. The regional centre periodically organizes
exhibitions related to different forms of cultural identities. Short-term training
sessions are conducted on varied traditional art forms along with interactive
educational programmes. In addition to these, dance, music and theatrical
performances, depicting classical, tribal and folk traditions, are also arranged for
visitors. The centre also provides an excellent platform to various artists to
showcase their talent. (Opening Closing Time10 am – 5:30 pm Open all days,
except Monday)
d. Rail Museum (Appendix.1.Photo.6.17): This museum is located near the
Mysore Railway station and is the second one of its kind established in India after
the one at Delhi. This museum exhibits ancient locomotives and carriages some of
which are still in working condition. Photographs and books related to railway are
also present.
e. Wax Museum (Appendix.1.Photo.6.18) - This Non-Government museum is
based on music and musical instruments, this, one-of-its kind in the world wax
museum exhibits over 100 life-size wax statues and over 300 musical instruments
categorized in various bands and stage settings. Representing Stone Age to
Modern instruments, some of the bands displayed are of Indian Classical North &
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South, Punjabi Bhangra, South Indian, Jazz, Rock, Middle East etc. It was
established in October 2010.
Although in Mysore city there are many beautiful places are attracts the
tourists, i.e. Silver Jubli Clock Tower (Big clock of Mysore) which is situated near
Mysore Palace and Government silk factory, Rangayana (place of cultural activities) ,
Government Sandal Wood oil factory and folklore museum situated in the city of
Mysore, it is a paradise of the tourists. The another important attractions of the
tourists i.e Mysore Dasara (Appendix.1.Photo.6.19), a popular festival in Mysore it
is also consider as Nadahabba (State Festival) held in every year in the month of
October . Dasara celebrated the victory of good over evil, making the slaying of the
demon Mahishasura by the Godess Chamundi. The palace and city are lit up for 10
days and entire city wears festive look. Festivals of music, dance and theatre are held.
The Mysore Dasara exhibition, crafts fairs, film festivals and Vajramusti (traditional
wrestling matches) entertain visitors.
6.4. Results and Discussion:
6.4. A. Empirical Study of selected Tourist Places in Mysore City:
For the purpose of empirical study, Mysore city has been selected. Because
Mysore city is the one of the important tourists place in India. It has unique beauty of
the nature and hills, greenery and other things are attracts the tourists. 100 samples
was selected for empirical survey and selection was made random basis and data was
collected through a structural interview schedule so data was collected personal
interview of tourists while collecting information from the tourist information also
given by the foreign tourists. Out of 100 samples 65 tourists were Indians rests of
them are foreigners. Data were collected and analyzed by using simple data were
collected on the basis of memory and opinion of the tourist. The results may not be
generalized.
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Table.6.3. Environmental pollution and traffic congestion
Tourism has resulted in traffic congestion, noise and pollution
Number Percent
Agree 41 41.0
Disagree 22 22.0
Neither / Neutral 37 37.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data
Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use
increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased
vehicular queueing (A line of waiting people or vehicles). The most common example
is the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough that the
interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, this in some
congestion.
The table 6.3 depicts the information related to environmental problem and
traffic congestion. The table shows that out of 100 respondents interviewed 41% of
the respondents opined that tourism will result in environmental pollution (air
pollution, noise pollution etc) and traffic congestion. However, 22%, of the
respondents are of the opinion that tourism will not result in or responsible for
environment problem or traffic congestion. Besides that, 37% of the respondents are
neutral towards this question. They opined that neither tourism result in
environmental pollution nor result in traffic congestion. It is clear from the above
table that unscientific tourism will result in some kind of environmental problem and
traffic congestion. It is also found that Mysore City Corporation has done good work
in keeping city clean and congestion free. Mysore city corporation has kept sign
boards and – in strategy and tourist spots to make aware of cleanliness to the tourists.
Hence in Mysore, tourist destinations are almost clean and we did not notice much
problem. It resulted in less and less environmental pollution.
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Table.6.4. Impact of tourism on natural environment:
Construction of hotels and other tourist facilities at tourism spot have destroyed the natural environment.
Number Percent
Agree 79 79.0
Disagree 10 10.0
Neither / Neutral 11 11.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Natural environment means all living and non living things that are naturally
on earth, in narrow sense; it is an environment that is not influenced by people. The
environment that is influenced by humans can be called “the built environment” or
cultural landscape. The concept of the natural environment can be distinguished by
components, firstly, complete ecological units that function as natural systems without
massive civilized human intervention, including all vegetation, microorganism, soil,
rocks, atmosphere, and natural phenomena that occur within their boundaries.
Secondly, universal natural resources and physical phenomena those lack clear-cut
boundaries, such as air, water, and climate, as well as energy, radiation, electric
charge, and magnetism, not originating from civilized activity.
Tourism will result in constriction of hotels, lodges, and other amenities to the
tourists. It will indirectly lead to bad impact on natural environment. Hence
researcher posed the question to the respondents regarding constriction of hotels and
other buildings and asked them will it lead to spoiling the natural environment or not.
And the data was depicted in table no.6.4 the table reveals that, out of total
respondents 79% of the respondents opined that construction of building will lead to
bad impact on natural environment of the tourists’ places. Data also reveals that 10%
of the respondents are of the opinion that construction of hotels lodges and other
building will not result in damaging the natural environment. Apart from this 11% of
the members was neutral towards this question. It is found that majority of
respondents agreed that construction of hotels and other building results in damage of
natural environmental and it should be controlled, but facilities to tourist is also
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important, which cannot be ignored. A separate policy of tourism for regulation of
hotels is need of the hour. Government may encourage establishment of eco-hotels273.
Table.6.5.Tourism and Overcrowding:
Tourism has resulted in overcrowded parks and other outdoor places
Number Percent
Agree 77 77.0
Disagree 17 17.0
Neither / Neutral 6 6.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data
According to the World Health Organization, overcrowding refers to the
situation in which more people are living within a single dwelling than there is space
for, so that movement is restricted, privacy secluded, hygiene impossible, rest and
sleep difficult. The terms crowding and overcrowding are often used interchangeably
to refer to the same condition. The effects of quality of life due to crowding may be
due to children sharing a bed or bedroom, increased physical contact, lack of sleep,
lack of privacy, poor hygiene practices and an inability to care adequately for sick
household members. While population density is an objective measure of number of
people living per unit area, overcrowding refers to people’s psychological response to
density. But, definitions of crowding used in statistical reporting and for
administrative purpose are based on density measures and do not usually incorporate
people’s perceptions of crowding.
Tourism automatically causes overcrowd in the tourist places. According to
the table 6.5 it is revealed that out of 100 respondents interviewed 77% of the
respondents opined that tourism results in overcrowd in tourism spots. However, 17%
of the respondents are of the opinion that tourism does not result overcrowd in
tourism parts and other outdoor places. Apart from this 6% of the respondents were
neutral towards this opinion. It is clear from the table that tourism generally results in
overcrowded in tourist parks and other tourist destinations.
273 . Eco hotel is a hotel or accommodation that has made important environmental improvements to its structure in order to minimize its impact on the environment. The basic definition of a hotel is an environmentally responsible lodging that follows the practices of green living.
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Overcrowd mainly because of vehicles of the tourists. If there is no proper parking
facilities in the tourist places, it causes the problem of overcrowd. Hence, proper
parking facilities are the only solution to these problems. Hence it is the
responsibility of the local authority to provide proper parking facilities. People of
Mysore are happy that numbers of tourists are being increased every day, and tourist
number cannot be restricted because majority of the tourist visit is seasonal.
Table.6.6. Tourism and Relationship between countries.
Tourism has resulted in creating cordial relationship between countries
Number Percent
Agree 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Tourism always results in strengthening the relationship between the countries.
However to maintain that, the host country should give proper facility and security to
the tourists from other countries. Hence, it is a big task for the local Government and
tourist authorities. Apart from this it is the responsibility of all the citizen of the
country. The table 6.6 reveals that all the respondents opined that tourism will always
result is creating and maintaining healthy and cordially relationship between the
countries.
Table 6.7. Educational facilities and tourism:
Tourism has helped to improve literacy and education facilities in India
Number Percent
Agree 69 69.0
Disagree 19 19.0
Neither / Neutral 12 12.0
Total 100 100.0
Sources: Primary data
Education is an act or process of educating or being educated or the
knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process. For example more
1300 students across 50 countries are pursuing their higher education in the Mysore
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University alone274. Today we can see many types of tourism like health tourism,
Ecotourism, Industrial tourism, Medical tourism sex tourism, wine tourism etc and in
the modern days educational tourism gained significance. Mysore is also not
exceptional to this. Today Mysore has become educational hub and attracting students
from south Asian countries, Middle East countries like Iran, Iraq and students from
African countries. Mysore university one of oldest universities of India and
successfully attracted students from other countries by giving quality educations.
Table 6.7 reveals that 69% of the respondents opined that education has helped to
improve tourism. However, 19% of the respondents said that education is not
responsible for improving tourism in a country, because the people of Mysore is
bestowed with good tradition and give much importance to ‘Atithi Daivobava’. Apart
from this 12% of the respondents neutral towards this opinion. Besides this Mysore
also attracted North east students.
Table, 6.8. High-spending tourists have negatively affected our way of life
High-spending tourists have negatively affected our way of life
Number Percent
Agree 35 35.0
Disagree 34 34.0
Neither / Neutral 31 31.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data
Out of 100 respondents 35% of the members opined that tourism will results
high spending tourists have negatively affected our way of life, however 34% of the
respondents opines that, tourism does not result in high spending and negatively
affected our way of life. However, 31% of the respondents are neutral about this
opinion.
It is found that, some people think that the activities of the foreign tourists
affect to the host country citizens. But it is not a problem of the foreigners, it is
mindset of the people, it should be change. Further, it provides an opportunity to
become universal man.
274 . http://interNationsal centre.uni-mysore.ac.in/university.html. accessed on 25th august 2015 at 6.pm
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Table.6.9. Tourism and Precious traditional culture:
Tourism has changed our precious traditional culture
Number Percent
Agree 39 39.0
Disagree 35 35.0
Neither / Neutral 26 26.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people,
defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and
arts275. Traditional culture consists of the beliefs and practices held or observed by
specific human groups that have been passed down from their ancestors through their
grand-parents, and the society around them. Within religion it is holding or observing
certain festivals. Within a community it is behaving or acting in a way that has been
regularly done in the past specifically in that particular part of the world.
India is famous for its traditional varieties of cultural and unique kind of
customs. Since the ancient times, India has maintained its culture and traditions.
However, after the tourist arrival especially after 1990s, India saw a tremendous
change in its traditional culture. It is believed that it’s because of demonstration
effect of tourism.
Data in table 6.9 reveals that 39 percent of respondents opined that tourism
has changed our precious traditional and culture. However, 35 percent of the
respondents said that tourism has not changed our precious traditional culture.
However, 26 percent of the respondents are neutral towards this opinion. It is clear
from table that tourism has become responsible for change in traditional cultural and
customs. But it is also believed that, a particular culture would change and
transformed for the betterment of the society and the individuals, and it is like running
water and not stagnant water.
275 www.livescience.com last visited on 13-04..2014 at 8-09 pm.
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Table.6.10. Tourism and disturbance to local residents
Local residents are disturbed from tourism Number Percent
Agree 25 25.0
Disagree 49 49.0
Neither / Neutral 26 26.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Though tourism is much needed for development of a country because of its
huge revenue generation and helps local people by providing additional income it is
also causes for minor disturbances to the local people. It is found that tourism helps
the local people and they can earn little money by way of providing lodges and rooms
for the tourist people. Besides that they can earn income by selling different goods of
locally made to the tourist people. However, at the same time local people faces
different types of disturbances or problems from the tourist. It may be a noise
pollution or other kind of pollution or problem of congestion. Besides that littering
and throwing of garbage and also other waste material. Hence, it can be said that
tourism has became a little problem to the local residents.
Table.6.10 reveals that 25 percent of the respondents are disturbed from
tourism whereas 49 percent of the respondents opine that they are not distribution by
the tourism activities, However 26 percent of the respondents said that they are
neutral towards the opinion. However, local people must enjoy the entry of tourist
into their city and they should not think anything negatively. Further, littering and
throwing of garbage and other waste material is not at all a problem if local authority
takes strict action and also by educating all the people.
Table.6.11. Tourism and Employment opportunity:
Tourism has created lots of employment opportunities in India
Number Percent
Agree 94 94.0
Neither / Neutral 6 6.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
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It is true that tourism has created lot of employment opportunity all over the
world including India and Mysore; because of tourism local people got employment
opportunity and became successful in their endeavors. Table No 6.11 shows that 94
percent of the respondents opined that tourism as created good number of
employment opportunity to the local people. However, 6 percent of the respondents
are neutral towards this opinion. It is clear from the table that because of tourism
people can get various kind of job like tourist guides, driver, and seller of antique
goods other kind of consumable goods and other different kinds of jobs. By ensuring
employment opportunities the burden on the Government will be decreased. Hence,
tourism ought to be encouraged.
Table.6.12. Information centers are equipped with all sorts of information about
the destination
Information centres are equipped with all sorts of information about the destination
Number Percent
Agree 60 60.0
Neither / Neutral 40 40.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Information related to the various tourist destinations, availability of transparent
facilities, visiting hours etc., are necessary for the tourists. The data reveals that 60%
of the respondents opined that information centers available in the Mysore are
equipped with all sorts of information about the tourist destinations. However, 40% of
the respondents said that information centers available in Mysore are not well
equipped with all sorts of information about the tourist destinations. Hence, this is a
challenging task; the Government should make use of the updated technology for
giving information to the tourists, across the world.
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Table.6.13. Tourism also worked as political ambassador by creating peace and
harmony between countries and States.
Tourism also worked as political ambassador by creating peace and harmony between countries and States.
Number Percent
Agree 87 87.0
Disagree 13 13.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Table 6.13 data reveal that out of 100 respondents 87% of the respondents
opined that tourism also worked as political ambassador by creating peace and
harmony between the countries and States. And rest of the them disagrees with this
Statement. It shows that tourism creates the relationship between the countries and its
creates cordial relationship between among the countries.
Table.6.14. Tourism has created problem like littering:
Tourism has created problem like littering Number Percent
Agree 43 43.0
Disagree 38 38.0
Neither / Neutral 19 19.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Littering is carelessly discarded refuse, such as wastepaper. Problem of
littering and unscientific way of managing solid waste is one of the major problems
faced for the tourism industry in India and Mysore is not exception to this. Data
shows that there are lots of problems due to littering and solid waste management in
the various tourist destinations in Mysore. According to this table Number 6.14, 43
percent of the respondents opined that tourism has created the problem littering and
solid waste management in most of the tourist destinations. However, 38 percent of
the respondents said that tourism in Mysore city has not created any problem of
littering and solid waste management. Apart from this 19 percent of this respondent
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are neutral to words this opinion. But with the adaptation of scientific method the
above problem can be resolved. For example many developed countries have proved
it. Further, there is a need for creating awareness with the tourist. In this connection
strict law must be imposed.
Table.6.15.Tourist and Social Evils:
Social evil like problem of alcoholism, Prostitution and drug abuse has also increased with tourism areas.
Number Percent
Agree 83 83.0
Neither / Neutral 17 17.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
A social evil is any action or consequence that is not in the public interest or
which is anti-social and works against the development of society. Social evils cause
damage to the society or its citizens in physical, emotional or cultural form.
It is believed that tourism will become reason for prostitution, drug abuses,
alcoholism and other kind of social evils. Data shows that because of tourism, there is
an increase of prostitution (sex tourism), drug abuses, alcoholism and other kind of
social evil in the tourist areas. Data shows that 83 percent of the respondents agreed
towards this opinion. However, 17 percent of the respondents are neutral towards this
opinion. However, with the support of locals this kind of social evil can be presented.
Moreover this is a law and order problem and State should take serious action against
these social evils.
Table.6.16. Tourism and Environmental Law:
Is Environmental Law Strictly followed
Number Percentage
Agree 68 68
Disagree 32 32
Total 100 100
Source: primary data
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In India there are lot of laws and policies about environmental protection.
However, it is not properly managed and people find much way to escape from these
kinds of laws. Tourism is one of the major areas where environmental law applied a
lot. Hence, question was posed to the respondents about environmental law and
tourism and asked them whether environmental law are strictly followed in the tourist
spots.
The data shows that 68 percent of the respondents opined that environmental
law and regulation is not properly followed in the tourist spots. However, 32 percent
of the respondents opined that environmental rules and regulations are not strong
enough to punish the culprits. It is found that in many tourist destination of Mysore,
there are illegal construction of small hotels and petty shops. Hence, in order to keep
tourist spots clean and safe these is a need to remove all this unnecessary construction
and Government and local reside cents has to proper action to solve the problem.
Table.6.17. Culture has been commercialized because of tourism:
Culture has been commercialized because of tourism
Number Percent
Agree 64 64.0
Neither / Neutral 36 36.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
It is believed that, sometime tourism results in commercialization of culture in
the host countries. The table no.6.17 depicts that, 64% of the respondents told tourism
has resulted in commercialization of local culture where as 36% of the respondents
are neutral towards this opinion. It is said that host country from other countries, they
unknowingly spread their culture and traditions they introduce new things and style.
Hence, local people sometime follow their culture if it is found good, automatically
local culture disappears and culture becomes commercial. Hence it can be said that
tourism results in commercialization of culture and traditions.
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Table 6.18.Government Contribution and Development of tourism:
Government contribution for development of tourism has been good
Number Percent
agree 87 87.0
disagree 13 13.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
For the sustainable development of the tourism there is a much need of
support from government. Government has to provide necessary facilities to the
tourist people including keeping enough security personnel in the tourist destinations
and keeping tourist safe, providing basic sanitation facility on the tourist destinations
providing good transport facilities etc. hence it was asked to the respondents about the
contribution of Government fee the development of tourism. Table 6.18 depicts that
87% of respondents agreed that Government contribution for development of tourism
has been good. However 13% of the respondents disagreed to this comment. However
it can be said that Government is supporting and contributing to the development of
tourism in Mysore. However, the role of authorities for example zoo authorities and
Grama panchayths which one collecting fee from tourists must look into all these
problems.
Table.6.19. Tourism and Social barriers:
Tourism has helped to remove social barriers like caste, religion and racism and introduced open society
Number Percent
Agree 58 58.0
Disagree 32 32.0
Neither / Neutral 10 10.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Social barriers are barriers to entry which are created by the culture of the
community, i.e. people's behavior towards newcomers or others in general. It is things
that people create as they find it difficult to relate to another type of person.
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The Table 6.19 shows that, tourism has helped to remove social barriers like caste,
religion and racism and introduced open society. Out of the 100 respondents 58% of
the respondents opines that, tourism remove the social barriers like caste, religion and
racism, and 32% of the respondents are disagree with this opinion, rest of the 10% of
the respondents are neutral.
It clears that, the tourism some extent helped to remove social barriers like
caste, religion and racism, in the tourist area the question of caste doesn’t arise, tourist
never think about those matters. Hence tourism helped to remove above social
barriers. In fact it is a positive development.
Table. 6.20. Tourism and GDP of the Nations:
Tourism has increased the GDP of the Nations Number Percent
Agree 77 77.0
Disagree 11 11.0
Neither / Neutral 12 12.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
The gross domestic product (GDP) is one the primary indicators used to
gauge the health of a country's economy. It represents the total dollar value of all
goods and services produced over a specific time period - you can think of it as the
size of the economy.
Tourism is necessary for the development of a country. Some of the countries
in the world are run by the income from its tourism only. Hence, we can say that,
tourism result in huge GDP accumulation for the Nations so the researcher has posed
a question to the respondents about whether tourism has increased the GDP of the
Nations or not. For this question 77% of the respondents agreed that tourism has
increased the GDP of the Nations. However 11% of the respondents disagreed and
said that tourism has not attracted more tourists to the country. Hence infrastructure
and tourism goes hand in hand. Hence it was asked the respondents that does tourism
has brought fast development of general infrastructure like roads, parks, hospital,
restaurants, transport facilities etc,. For this question 77% of the respondents agreed
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where as 24% of the respondents replied that they are neutral towards this. From the
above table it can be said that tourism has resulted in faster development of general
infrastructure like roads, Parks, hospitals, hotel, restaurants, transport vehicles etc,.
Resulted in increase of GDP of the Nations. Apart from this 12% of the respondents
said that they are neutral towards this question. Form this table it is revealed that
tourism has increased the GDP of the Nations. Hence development of tourism is
necessary to the development of the country.
Table. 6.21. Development of Traditional Entertainment, Art, Architecture, craft
and Tourism
Demand for traditional entertainment, art, architecture and craft in India have been increased because of tourism
Number Percent
Agree 79 79.0
Disagree 11 11.0
Neither / Neutral 10 10.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
Table.6.21 shows that, the opinion about, the demand for traditional
entertainment, art, architecture and craft in India have been increased because of
tourism, the out of 100 respondents the 79% of the respondents are agreed about that
subject 11% of the respondents are disagree with this Statement, rest of the 10% of
the respondents not given any opinion.
The data reveals that the developments of the traditional entertainment, art,
Architecture, craft are increased because of tourism. It’s clear that, if Government
provides assistance for development and preservation of culture and other things
tourism also will develop.
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Table. 6.22. Tourism and Infrastructure:
Tourism has brought fast development of general infrastructure like roads, school, parks, hospital, restaurants etc, in India.
Number Percent
Agree 76 76.0
Neither / Neutral 24 24.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data
It is said that for the better development of tourism there is a need of good
intra State like, road, parks, hospitals, restaurants, and vehicle facilities, transport
facilities etc. However, at the same that development of the infrastructure attracts
more tourists to the country. Hence, infrastructure and tourism goes hand in hand.
Hence, it was asked to the respondents that, does tourism has brought fast
development of general infrastructure like roads, parks, hospital, restaurants transport
facilities etc. For this question 76% of the respondents agreed where as 24% of the
respondents replied that they are neutral towards this. From this table it can be said
that tourism has resulted in faster development of general infrastructure like roads,
parks, hospital, hotel, restaurant, transport vehicles etc,. and it demands more
infrastructure.
Table.6.23. Resident’s opinion about environmental damage due to tourism:
Environmental damage Number Percentage
Agree 72 72
Disagree 28 28
Total 100 100
Sources: Primary data
Unscientific tourism always leads to environmental problem in tourism sports.
If it is not controlled it will have a bad impact on whole environment in future. Data
reveals that 72 percent of the local residents of the Mysore opined that tourism has
resulted in environmental damage in the tourist spots in Mysore city and it may cause
further damage in the near future. If the tourism further continues in unscientific way,
in future we may face huge problem. However, 28 percent of the respondents said
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that tourism has not caused any environmental damage in the tourist area of Mysore.
It can be understood from the table that tourism in Mysore has already done some
damage in the tourist spots in the Mysore city and it need to be checked by strict
actions and policies. But this damage is not irreparable, if the concerned authorities
show interest it can be repaired.
Local resident’s believed that solid waste management and littering is one of
the major environmental problems faced by them. Next problem will be the problem
of noise pollution and other kind of problems. However, Mysore has not faced the
problem of deforestation and damage of flora and fauna. However, construction
activities due to tourism are slowly damaging flora and fauna. Local residents also
believed that there may be chances of excess use of energy resources because of
tourism activities.
Table. 6.24. Discriminations and Inbound and Outbound tourists:
Lack of laws creates discriminations among inbound and outbound tourists in tourist areas
Number Percent
agree 37 37.0
disagree 27 27.0
Neither / Neutral 36 36.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: primary data
This Table reveals that, lack of the laws creates discriminations among
inbound and outbound tourists in tourist areas. Out of 100 respondents 37% of the
respondents are agreed about this Statement, 27% of the tourist disagree with this and
rests of the 36% of the respondents are neutral. Inbound tourist is visits to a country
by non residents and outbound tourist is visits by residents of country to another
country.
The data reveals that, in the tourist places there is discriminations among
tourist like inbound and outbound and also made discriminations in collecting fees
form out bound tourist, this is creates the discriminations among tourists. Hence
Government should create some policies for the betterment of the tourists.
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Table.6.25. Tourism and towards protecting the nature:
Tourism and tourism spot have definitely have definitely created awareness about duty towards its nature.
Number Percent
Agree 59 59.0
Disagree 17 17.0
Neither / Neutral 24 24.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data
Natural environment is one of the primary attractions for tourists and
protecting and maintaining this is very important. Table no.6.25 reveals that tourism
has diffidently created awareness about duty towards protecting the nature, where as
59 percent of the respondents opined that positive towards this question and 17
percent of the respondents said no to this. Besides this 24 percent of the respondents
are neutral towards this question. The table clearly reveals that in one or other way
tourism created awareness among the people towards duly to protect the nature.
Table.6.26. Separate Law for Tourism:
Do you suggest that, separate law for tourism
Number Percent
Agree 89 89.0
Disagree 11 11.0
Total 100 100.0
Source: Primary data,
India is one of the tourist destinations having large number of monuments,
historical Places, buildings, and other things. Every year lakhs of people visit India to
see its beauty and its culture. However, at the same time India’s environment effected
by the tourism. However, there is no separate law for correcting for this
environmental degradation.
In Mysore also we see more than thousands of people visits Mysore daily and
contribute huge revenue to the Mysore city corporation. However, in the name of
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tourism tourist’s responsible for lots of environmental pollution and though we have
environmental law, it is very difficult to control with is laws.
Hence, there is urgent need of separate tourism law, hence the question was
posed regarding separate tourist law, and data reveals that 89 percent of respondents
opined that there is an urgent need for separate tourist law. However 11 percent of the
respondents said that there is no need of separate tourist law.
Suggestion: There is an urgent need of separate tourism law.
Table. 6.27. State and Protection of Tourist:
Do you think it is the duty of the State to protect the tourists?
Number Percent
Agree 100 100
Source: Primary data
Table.6.27 shows that, all 100 respondents are opined that, State should take
responsibility for the protection of the tourist. It is a duty of the of the host country, it
should treat like their citizen. Hence tourist responsibility must be taken by the State.
6.5. Pollution in Mysore City
Mysore one of the beautiful cities in India and famous for its heritage and
palaces although it is not pollution free city (Appeendix.1 Photo.No.6.23). In
Mysoreans suffering from all kind of pollution like Water pollution, Sound pollution
and Air pollution etc. some of the Places in the Mysore city Kukkarahalli
Cahmundeshwari temple and near palaces premises are polluted due to lack of proper
management of environment. In Chamundeshwari Temple, the people suffer in the
premises due to problem of mobile toilet and water facility and other kind problems.
Littering also one of the main problems at Chamundi hills during period of dasara
festival and assada Friday (in the month of July) and also some religious ceremonies
are made in and around the temple but people not maintain cleanliness
(Appendix.1.Photo.No.6.21&22) even Grampanchayath also not taken any action for
avoiding littering.
In and around of the Kukkarahalli Lake there is no cleanliness in water. Color
of water changed due to algae in Kukkarahalli Lake (Appendix.1.Photo.No.6.20).
Number of fishes died due to polluted water in this lake; therefore cleanliness should
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be maintained in Kukkarahalli Lake, and another problem in the Mysore city is that,
tourists using plastic some tourist places in Mysore city i.e. Mysore Palaces, some
other religious places in Mysore city. Plastic is the one of the pollutants of the
environment. It should be banned in tourist spots.
In Mysore city suffering by the traffic congestion, vehicles giving out so much
smoke is one of the main reasons for the heavy amount of pollution in Mysore, and so
many companies and industries cropping up everywhere, the output of smoke and
other polluting agents is heavy. Besides, there has also been a huge rise in the number
of people relocating to Mysore that the traffic is getting too much to handle and these
emissions from all the automobiles are also causing serious pollution in this area.
Number of vehicles increasing every day, the situation would only get worse.
It is the duty of the State that, strict law and policies should be imposed for to
control environmental pollution in Mysore city.
6.6. Suggestions:
1. It is suggested that there is a need to keep more and more sign boards and
notice boards explain about noise pollution and other pollution in important
places.
2. It is also suggested to fix fine to the persons who disobey the Government
rules regarding environment in considered.
3. It is suggested that Government and local authority much check the illegal
construction of hotels and other buildings near the tourist’s spots. They have
to consider all issues before giving permission to constricting hotels and other
building. Hence in order to maintain the natural environment Government
should be strict.
4. It is suggested that Government and local authorities and tourism officials
take proper action reduce the overcrowd in the tourist places. Government
officials should be more cautious during tourism seasons and special occasion
like Dasara (Dussehra) in Mysore is concerned.
5. It is suggested that Mysore City Corporation and Government should take
necessary action to address the problem of littering and solid waste
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management in the tourist destinations of Mysore. There is a further need of
sign boards/boards showing the information regarding littering and solid waste
management and it should be kept in strategic locations.
6. It is suggested that in order to reduce the negative impact of tourism in future
littering should be completely stopped. Further it is suggested that the use of
plastic bags should be banned. Because plastic is the most common source of
littering. Further the littering of plastic leads to soil pollution, water pollution.
Apart from this the local people asked for better support from the Government
and local authorities.
7. Along with this there is a need for an intervention from the part of the
Government for proper planning and action for the promotion of sustainable
tourism. It can be said that for improving tourist destinations and reducing the
negative impact of environmental issue in the tourist destinations, there is a
need for action from Government officials, local people, local authorities,
tourist officials and other stake holders. And also State Government should
ensure the life insurance facilities to tourists with imposing the adequate tax to
tourists.
