Chapter#1 Intro to Psychology

8/11/2019 Chapter#1 Intro to Psychology

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CHAPTER#1

Introduction ToPsychology

HSS- (107)

INSTRUCTOR: ASMA NAZIR


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WHAT PSYCHOLOGY IS?

The term psychology comes from twoGreek words,psyche, meaning thesoul and logosreferring to the study

of the subject. These two words were put together in

16thcentury.

It is comparatively a young fieldwhich evolved from the establishfields of philosophy and biology.


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WHAT PSYCHOLOGY IS?

Psychology is about you and me.

Application of psychology focuses on

everyday problems , such as copingmore effectively with stress,improving memory, enhancingperformance in school and dealing

with sleep difficulties. Another element of psychology is that

it represents a way of thinking.


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Defining Psychology

Psychology involves the investigation ofbehaviorand mental processes.


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WHAT PSYCHOLOGY IS?

Psychologists define psychology asthe science of behavior and mentalprocesses.

Psychology as a study of soul. Psychology as a science of mind.

As a science of conscious,

As a science of behavior. As a science of Gestalt.

As a science of unconsciousness.


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OVERT AND COVERTBEHAVIORS

OVERT BEHAVIORS: Observableactions and responses, such as eatingand talking.

COVERT BEHAVIORS: Private,internal activities, such as thinking,

remembering and other mentalevents


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INTRODUCTION TOPSYCHOLOGY

EARLY DAYS OF PSYCHOLOGY/SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OFTHOUGHS


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INTRODUCTION TOPSYCHOLOGY

The establishment of psychology as aseparate science traced to the year1879.

Wilhelm Wundt found firstexperimental laboratory for consciousexperience at Leipzig.


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SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF THOUGHS

1. STRUCTURALISTS:

Its the point where psychologyenters into modern science.

Group of psychologists who followedteachings of Wundt known asstructuralists.

Structuralism focused on thefundamental elements that formthinking, consciousness, emotionsetc.


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1. STRUCTURALISTS:

He proposed that human behaviorcould be measured.

When we study mind the basicelements of mind should be study onstructural components.

Introspection is a self report

procedure that is used to study thestructure of mind.


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2. FUNCTIONALISTS

Around 1900 another group ofpsychologists led by John Dewyknown as functionalists.

They replace structuralism Found by William James and Cattell.

They discuss functions of mental

activity. What does mind actually operate?

Study of mans adjustment to hisenvironment (John).


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2. FUNCTIONALISTS

Stream of consciousness:

Ever flow of thoughts that mind

is

ever changing.


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3. BEHAVIOURISTS

J.B.Watson developed another schoolof thought known as Behaviorism.

Psychology must focused on thoseevents that can be observed andmeasured.

Human behavior is always determined

by environmental forces.


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4.GESTALT SCHOOL OF THOUGHT:

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) developedGestalt school of thought.

People are more than the some of their

parts. We understand whole as one unit.

The whole is greater than the some of itsparts.

Their main emphasis on human perception,automatically perceiving the thing as awhole.


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5. PSYCHOANALYTIC SCHOOL OF

THOUGHT

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)Austrian Physician was founder ofpsychoanalytic school

Specialized in disorders of nervoussystem

Help patients to interpret and

understand their problems

Psychology as study of unconsciousmotive


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THOUGHT

If unconscious conflicts brought intoconsciousness, they lose power tocontrol patient's life.

Early past experience of which personis unaware important to influencetheir current behavior.

Behavior is always determined byunconscious force.


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THOUGHT

Below the level of consciousness(beyond the human force, whichperson is unaware).

Consciousness: actively aware ofsomething and immediately recall.

Un-conscious: beyond awareness,

person are not actively aware ofsomething and not recallimmediately. The thoughts aresomewhere hidden in the mind.


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Chapter#1 Intro to Psychology