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Chapter 1Chapter 1

Introduction to Healthcare TerminologyIntroduction to Healthcare Terminology

Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006, 2003, by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.2

““They do certainly give very strange, and They do certainly give very strange, and new fangled, names to diseases.”new fangled, names to diseases.”

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Healthcare Terminology: Healthcare Terminology: Read and WriteRead and Write

Egyptian TabletsEgyptian Tablets Electronic health recordsElectronic health records

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Healthcare Terminology: SpeakHealthcare Terminology: Speak

Xeroderma (zeh roh DER mah)Xeroderma (zeh roh DER mah) Psychology (sye KALL uh jee)Psychology (sye KALL uh jee) Eupnea (YOOP nee ah)Eupnea (YOOP nee ah)

XerodermaXeroderma

From Zitelli and Davis: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, MosbyFrom Zitelli and Davis: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby

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Healthcare Terminology: HearHealthcare Terminology: Hear

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In summary, your missionIn summary, your mission

is to:is to: Read (understand what is written)Read (understand what is written) Write (spell correctly)Write (spell correctly) Speak (pronounce)Speak (pronounce) Hear (understand what is spoken)Hear (understand what is spoken)

the terminology covered in this course.the terminology covered in this course.

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Greek and Latin Origins of the Word Greek and Latin Origins of the Word TongueTongue

LatinLatin

lingu/olingu/o = tongue = tongue

bibilingulingualal

subsublingulingualal

GreekGreek

gloss/ogloss/o = tongue = tongue

glossglossaryary

glossglossitisitis

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

Healthcare terms originate from which two Healthcare terms originate from which two languages?languages?A. English and LatinA. English and Latin

B. English and SpanishB. English and Spanish

C. Greek and SpanishC. Greek and Spanish

D. Greek and LatinD. Greek and Latin

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Nondecodable TermsNondecodable Terms

90% of healthcare terms can be built from 90% of healthcare terms can be built from word partsword parts

10% aren’t. Examples include:10% aren’t. Examples include: CataractCataract AsthmaAsthma

CataractCataract

From Zitelli and Davis: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, MosbyFrom Zitelli and Davis: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 5, Mosby

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Present and Future ConditionsPresent and Future Conditions

Diagnosis—present conditionDiagnosis—present condition Prognosis—future conditionPrognosis—future condition

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Time/Severity of a DiseaseTime/Severity of a Disease

Acute—short term and sharpAcute—short term and sharp Chronic—long term and returnsChronic—long term and returns

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Complaints!Complaints!

SignSign Objective Objective Observable signsObservable signs

SymptomSymptom Subjective Subjective Patient’s explanation Patient’s explanation

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

Which of the following would be a sign?Which of the following would be a sign?A. painA. pain

B. blistersB. blisters

C. nauseaC. nausea

D. dizzinessD. dizziness

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EponymsEponyms

Alzheimer’s diseaseAlzheimer’s disease Achilles tendonAchilles tendon

Alzheimer’s diseaseAlzheimer’s disease

From Finkbeiner: Autopsy pathology: a manual and atlas, ed 2, SaundersFrom Finkbeiner: Autopsy pathology: a manual and atlas, ed 2, Saunders

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Abbreviations and SymbolsAbbreviations and Symbols

AbbreviationsAbbreviations Simple (ADHD)Simple (ADHD) Acronyms (AIDS)Acronyms (AIDS)

Symbols (↑, ♀)Symbols (↑, ♀) Dangerous abbreviations (OU, qid)Dangerous abbreviations (OU, qid)

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

Terms that are named after people or places Terms that are named after people or places are called:are called:A. acronymsA. acronyms

B. homonymsB. homonyms

C. eponymsC. eponyms

D. pseudonymsD. pseudonyms

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Decodable TermsDecodable Terms

The codeThe codeCombining form Combining form (in red)(in red) + suffix + suffix (in green)(in green) = =

decodable termdecodable term

gloss/ogloss/o + + -itis-itis = = gloss glossitisitis

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Decoding 101Decoding 101

IdentifyIdentify the word parts in a term the word parts in a term AssignAssign meanings to the word parts meanings to the word parts ReverseReverse the suffix to the front of the term the suffix to the front of the term DefineDefine the term the term

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Decoding Glossitis: IdentifyDecoding Glossitis: Identify

IdentifyIdentify the word parts in the term the word parts in the term

glossglossitisitis

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Decoding Glossitis: AssignDecoding Glossitis: Assign

AssignAssign meanings to the word parts meanings to the word parts

glossglossitisitis

tonguetongue//inflammation ofinflammation of

GlossitisGlossitis

From Feldman: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease, ed 8, SaundersFrom Feldman: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease, ed 8, Saunders

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Decoding Glossitis: ReverseDecoding Glossitis: Reverse

ReverseReverse the meaning of the suffix to the front the meaning of the suffix to the front of your translationof your translation

glossglossitisitis

inflammation ofinflammation of / / tonguetongue

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Decoding Glossitis: DefineDecoding Glossitis: Define

DefineDefine the term the term

GlossGlossitisitis: inflammation of the tongue: inflammation of the tongue

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

So which activity comes first?So which activity comes first?A. AssignA. Assign

B. DefineB. Define

C. IdentifyC. Identify

D. ReverseD. Reverse

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New Word PartsNew Word Parts

Combining formsCombining forms arthr/oarthr/o gastr/ogastr/o ophthalm/oophthalm/o ot/oot/o rhin/orhin/o

SuffixesSuffixes -algia-algia -tomy-tomy -scope-scope -logy-logy -plasty-plasty

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Decoding in ActionDecoding in Action

The patient complained of chronic The patient complained of chronic gastralgiagastralgia.. IdentifyIdentify

gastrgastralgiaalgia

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Decoding in ActionDecoding in Action

AssignAssign

gastrgastralgiaalgia

stomachstomach//painpain

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Decoding in ActionDecoding in Action

ReverseReverse

gastrgastralgiaalgia

painpain/ / the stomachthe stomach

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Decoding in ActionDecoding in Action

DefineDefine

gastrgastralgiaalgia

pain (of ) the stomachpain (of ) the stomach

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Decoding in ActionDecoding in Action

The patient complained of chronic The patient complained of chronic gastralgiagastralgia ((pain of the stomachpain of the stomach). ).

Is this complaint a sign or a symptom?Is this complaint a sign or a symptom?

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Building TermsBuilding Terms

Most terms are built according to five simple Most terms are built according to five simple rules. rules.

You must know the difference between a You must know the difference between a consonant and a vowel.consonant and a vowel.

What are the vowels?What are the vowels?

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Building Terms: Rule #1Building Terms: Rule #1

If the suffix starts with a vowel, a combining If the suffix starts with a vowel, a combining vowel is NOT needed to join the parts.vowel is NOT needed to join the parts.

arthr/oarthr/o + + -itis-itis = = arthrarthritisitis

You don’t need to keep the “o,” because the You don’t need to keep the “o,” because the suffix starts with a vowel.suffix starts with a vowel.

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Building Terms: Rule #2Building Terms: Rule #2

If the suffix starts with a consonant, a If the suffix starts with a consonant, a combining vowel IS needed to join the two combining vowel IS needed to join the two word parts.word parts.

arthr/oarthr/o + + -plasty-plasty = = arthroarthroplastyplasty

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Building Terms: Rule #3Building Terms: Rule #3

If a combining form ends with the same vowel If a combining form ends with the same vowel that begins a suffix, one of the vowels is that begins a suffix, one of the vowels is dropped.dropped.

endocardi/oendocardi/o + + -itis-itis = = endocardendocarditisitis

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Building Terms: Rule #4Building Terms: Rule #4

If two or more combining forms are used in a If two or more combining forms are used in a term, the combining vowel is retained between term, the combining vowel is retained between the two, regardless of whether the second the two, regardless of whether the second combining form is a vowel or a suffix.combining form is a vowel or a suffix.

gastr/ogastr/o + + enter/oenter/o + + -itis-itis

= = gastroentergastroenteritisitis

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Building Terms: Rule #5Building Terms: Rule #5

Sometimes when two or more combining forms Sometimes when two or more combining forms are used to make a term, special notice needs to are used to make a term, special notice needs to be paid to the order in which the combining be paid to the order in which the combining forms are joined.forms are joined.

esophag/oesophag/o + + gastr/ogastr/o + + duoden/oduoden/o + + -scopy-scopy

= = esophagogastroduodenoesophagogastroduodenoscopyscopy

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

Build a term meaning “Build a term meaning “pain of the ear.”pain of the ear.”A. rhinalgiaA. rhinalgia

B. rhinoalgiaB. rhinoalgia

C. otalgiaC. otalgia

D. otoalgiaD. otoalgia

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

Build a term that means “aBuild a term that means “an instrument to n instrument to visually examine the eye.”visually examine the eye.”

A. opthalmoscopeA. opthalmoscope

B. ophthalmoscopeB. ophthalmoscope

C. ophtalmscopeC. ophtalmscope

D. ophthalmscopeD. ophthalmscope

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Building Your Word Bank: Noun Building Your Word Bank: Noun SuffixesSuffixes

Structure, thingStructure, thing-is-is ( (ex: hypodermex: hypodermisis))

Structure, thing, membraneStructure, thing, membrane--umum ( (ex: endocardiex: endocardiumum))

Small, tinySmall, tiny-icle, -ole, -ule-icle, -ole, -ule ( (ex: cutex: cuticleicle, , arteriarterioleole, , venvenuleule))

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Building Your Word Bank: Adjective Building Your Word Bank: Adjective SuffixesSuffixes

Suffixes that mean pertaining to:Suffixes that mean pertaining to:-ac-ac cardicardiacac

--alal cerviccervicalal

--arar valvulvalvularar

--aryary coroncoronaryary

--ealeal esophagesophagealeal

--icic hypodermhypodermicic

-ous-ous subcutanesubcutaneousous

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Building Your Word Bank: Pathology Building Your Word Bank: Pathology SuffixesSuffixes

--algiaalgia cephalocephaloalgiaalgia

--emiaemia hyperlipidhyperlipidemiaemia

-ia-ia agastragastriaia

-itis-itis tonsilltonsillitisitis

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Building Your Word Bank: Pathology Building Your Word Bank: Pathology SuffixesSuffixes

-malacia-malacia chondrochondromalaciamalacia

-megaly-megaly splenosplenomegalymegaly

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Building Your Word Bank: Pathology Building Your Word Bank: Pathology SuffixesSuffixes

-ptosis-ptosis hysterohysteroptosisptosis

-sclerosis-sclerosis arterioarteriosclerosissclerosis

-stenosis-stenosis arterioarteriostenosisstenosis

ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis

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Building Your Word Bank: Building Your Word Bank: Diagnostic SuffixesDiagnostic Suffixes

--graphygraphy mammomammographygraphy

-metry-metry spirospirometrymetry

-opsy-opsy bibiopsyopsy

-scopy-scopy hysterohysteroscopyscopy

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Building Your Word Bank: Building Your Word Bank: Therapeutic SuffixesTherapeutic Suffixes

-ectomy-ectomy gastrgastrectomyectomy

-plasty-plasty rhinorhinoplastyplasty

-stomy-stomy colocolostomystomy

-tomy-tomy osteoosteotomytomy

-tripsy-tripsy litholithotripsytripsy

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LithotripsyLithotripsy

LithotripsyLithotripsy

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Building Your Word Bank: Building Your Word Bank: Instrument SuffixesInstrument Suffixes

-graph-graph electrocardioelectrocardiographgraph-meter-meter thermothermometermeter-scope-scope ophthalmoophthalmoscopescope

OphthalmoscopeOphthalmoscope

From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6, Mosbyexamination, ed 6, Mosby

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Building Your Word Bank: More Building Your Word Bank: More Instrument SuffixesInstrument Suffixes

-tome-tome osteoosteotometome

-tripter-tripter litholithotriptertripter

-trite-trite litholithotritetrite

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Specialties/Specialist SuffixesSpecialties/Specialist Suffixes

-logy-logy neonatoneonatologylogy

-logist-logist psychopsychologistlogist

-ist-ist dentdentistist

-er-er polysomnopolysomnographergrapher

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Specialties/Specialist SuffixesSpecialties/Specialist Suffixes

-iatry-iatry psychpsychiatryiatry

-iatrist-iatrist psychpsychiatristiatrist

-iatrics-iatrics pedpediatricsiatrics

-iatrician-iatrician pedpediatricianiatrician

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

One who specializes in the study of bones:One who specializes in the study of bones:A. osteiatricianA. osteiatrician

B. osteologistB. osteologist

C. osteologyC. osteology

D. osteerD. osteer

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PrefixesPrefixes

Prefixes modify a medical term indicating:Prefixes modify a medical term indicating: absenceabsence locationlocation number/quantitynumber/quantity statestate

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PrefixesPrefixes

Are attached directly to the beginning of the Are attached directly to the beginning of the termterm

May have more than one meaningMay have more than one meaning

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PrefixesPrefixes

a-a- aapneicpneic

an-an- ananophthalmiaophthalmia

ante-ante- anteanteversionversion

anti-anti- antiantibacterialbacterial

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PrefixesPrefixes

dys-dys- dysdystrophytrophy

endo-, end-endo-, end- endoendoscopyscopy

epi-epi- epiepigastricgastric

From Monahan: Phipps: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, From Monahan: Phipps: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, MosbyMosby

EndoscopyEndoscopy

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PrefixesPrefixes

hyper-hyper- hyperhyperglycemiaglycemia

hypo-hypo- hypohypoglossalglossal

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PrefixesPrefixes

inter-inter- interintervertebralvertebral

intra-intra- intraintradermaldermal

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PrefixesPrefixes

para-, par-para-, par- paraparaphiliaphilia

per-per- perpercutaneouscutaneous

peri-peri- peripericardiumcardium

pre-pre- preprenatalnatal

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PrefixesPrefixes

poly-poly- polypolyneuritisneuritis

post-post- postpostictalictal

sub-sub- subsubhepatichepatic

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

If a patient came in for a checkup If a patient came in for a checkup beforebefore the the birth of her baby, it was a/n __________ visit:birth of her baby, it was a/n __________ visit:A. antenatalA. antenatal

B. antinatalB. antinatal

C. postnatalC. postnatal

D. perinatalD. perinatal

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

A patient has a rash around his nose. The A patient has a rash around his nose. The physician charts it as a _________ rash:physician charts it as a _________ rash:A. prerhinalA. prerhinal

B. perirhinalB. perirhinal

C. perrhinalC. perrhinal

D. polyrhinalD. polyrhinal

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Singular/Plural EndingsSingular/Plural Endings

Singular:Singular: vertebrvertebraa arthrosarthrosisis appendappendixix arthrarthritisitis phalaphalanxnx endocardiendocardiumum digitdigitusus theraptherapyy

PluralPlural vertebrvertebraeae arthrosarthroseses appendappendicesices arthrarthritidesitides phalaphalangesnges endocardiendocardiaa digitdigitii theraptherapiesies

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Pronunciation of Unusual Letter Pronunciation of Unusual Letter CombinationsCombinations

eueu euthyroideuthyroid

phph phalanxphalanx

pnpn pneumonitispneumonitis

psps psychologypsychology

ptpt ptosisptosis

rh, rrhrh, rrh rhinitisrhinitis

xx xerodermaxeroderma

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Clicker QuestionClicker Question

The plural of pharynx (the throat) is:The plural of pharynx (the throat) is:A. pharynxesA. pharynxes

B. pharyngiesB. pharyngies

C. pharyngesC. pharynges

D. pharynxaD. pharynxa

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Categories of TermsCategories of Terms

Anatomy and physiologyAnatomy and physiology Pathology (diseases and disorders)Pathology (diseases and disorders) Diagnostic procedures (tests)Diagnostic procedures (tests) Therapeutic interventions (treatments)Therapeutic interventions (treatments)

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Sort these terms into their correct Sort these terms into their correct categoriescategories

TermsTerms

1. hysteroscopy1. hysteroscopy

2. endocardium2. endocardium

3. gastrectomy3. gastrectomy

4. hepatitis4. hepatitis

CategoriesCategories

__ Anatomy and Physiology__ Anatomy and Physiology

__ Pathology__ Pathology

__ Diagnostic Procedures__ Diagnostic Procedures

__ Therapeutic Interventions__ Therapeutic Interventions

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Parting ThoughtParting Thought

You need to start studying your word parts You need to start studying your word parts NOW! Use flash cards and the CD to NOW! Use flash cards and the CD to practice.practice.