CHAPTER V AGRO-ECONOMY OF MAHARASHTRA AND FLORICULTURE 5.1.0 AGRO

113

CHAPTER –V

AGRO-ECONOMY OF MAHARASHTRA AND FLORICULTURE

5.1.0 AGRO-ECONOMY OF MAHARASHTRA

5.2.0 LAND USE AND CROPPING PATTERN

5.30 FLORICULTURE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH

NATIONAL HORTICULTURE MISSION

5.4.0 ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL HORTICULTURE

MISSION

5.5.0 FLOWER PRODUCTION UNDER OPEN FIELD

5.6.0 CONCLUDING OBSERVARTIONS

114

MAP.NO.2

MAHARASHATRA

115

Chapter –V

Agro-Economy of Maharashtra and Floriculture

Introduction

Previous chapter deal`s with floriculture development of India and we got

information regarding history, origin, development stages and also recent scenario. This

chapter deals with floriculture status of Maharashtra. The state Maharashtra is one of the

largest states in India in terms of gross cropped area (GCA) and population while

accounting for about 9 per cent of India`s population, the state contributes over 20per

cent in India`s industrial output and about 13 per cent in India`s GDP over the last 50

years1. Maharashtra is a leading state in agriculture and now emerging as an important

horticultural state in country. Different type of soil, suitable agro-climatic condition,

adequate technical work force, well developed markets transport and communication

facilities, increasing trend in drip irrigation, greenhouses, use of cool chain facilities and

progressive farmer organization offer wide opportunities for growing different

horticultural crops. Floriculture in the state is of recent origin. Until recent past,

floriculture in the state confined to the traditional flowers alone. However, the private

sector has now entered this field on a very large scale with greenhouse technologies. The

agriculture sector of Maharashtra has undergone lot of changes. One of the significant

change that take place in the cropping pattern of state especially development in

horticulture crops. Area under fruit and vegetable crops has increased and recently there

has been a seen increasing trend in floriculture area and production. Maharashtra is one

116

of the leading flower producers in the country. The state has varying soil types and agro-

climatic conditions, which offer tremendous scope for floriculture2. District like Pune,

Nasik, Aurangabad, Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Thane and Nagpur are well known for

flower cultivation. Pune, Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur and Nasik are well developing hi-tech

floriculture district. Whereas. Pune, Thane, Nasik Ahmednagar, Nagpur and Nanded are

famous for open flower cultivation. The principal flowers grown in Maharashtra are

marigold, rose, tuberose, chrysanthemum, gladioli, aster, jasmine, kagda, mogra, gerbera,

carnation etc. The state policy has promoted green house culture as well as open field

cultivation of flowers. Special programmes have introduced recently for the development

of horticulture, after 1990, programmes focused on the upliftment of horticultural

activities. As a result, production of fruits and vegetables goes up, then floriculture

identified as focus segment and ultimately policies promoted it. Geographical structure

and agro-climatic condition is favorable for flower production. At present production of

traditional flower like marigold, shewanti, aster, tuberose, gaillardia, rose cultivated with

large amount. Production under controlled condition has been increasing rapidly. The

growth rate of area under open field and controlled condition are increasing by 10 to 11

per cent3. This chapter deals with features of agro-economy of Maharashtra, present

status of floriculture, agriculture policy, National Horticulture Mission, area expansion

programme, etc. Accordingly, this chapter presents an account of the floriculture status of

Maharashtra as below.

5.1.0 Agro-Economy of Maharashtra

In 1960, the state of Maharashtra has established. At present, state has 35 districts

with 357 tahsils, 378 towns, 15 corporations and 43,711 villages. There are eight

agriculture divisions i.e. Kokan, Pune, Kolhapur, Nasik, Aurangabad, Latur, Nagpur, and

Amravati. State occupied 307713 square km area with720 km. length of coastline.

117

According to census 2001, state recorded 9, 68, 79,000 aggregate population, of which

57.57 per cent of rural while 42.43 per cent of urban area with 76.88 per cent literacy

rate. During 1991-2001population of Maharashtra increased by 22.73 per cent4.

5.1.1 Agro-climatic Features

State lies between 15.45 to 22.0 North latitude (degrees) and 72.45 to 80.45 East

altitude. There are four major areas i.e. Western Maharashtra, Vidarbha, Marathwada and

Kokan. There is great deal of variation in rainfall in the state and agriculture is mainly

rain fed. The state has an average rainfall about 100 cm. The Western Ghats, Kokan,

Thane, Ratnagiri, receive 300cm rainfall, areas like Nasik, Pune, Ahmednagar, Beed,

Nanded and Usmanabad get 75 to 100 cm rainfalls while Amravati, Yawatmal, Buldhana,

Akola, receiving about 75 cm rainfalls5.

The state has varied type of soil i.e. red, late-rite, black, alluvial soil. The red soil

is exclusively prevalent in Western Ghats and Coastal areas. Whereas, the other types of

soil are prevalent almost in all region of the state with only about 16.8 per cent of its

cultivable land being irrigated as compared to the national average of 33 per cent6.

Maharashtra's agro-climatic condition feverous promotion of less water intensive crops

like horticultural crops mainly fruits. Progressive farmers adopted micro irrigation system

with hi- technique.

It estimated that even if the irrigation potential were completely utilized around

60-70 per cent of net sown area in the state would continue to remain depend on rain. The

alternative to sustain agriculture and enable this sector to make a positive contribution to

the state as the nation income is to diversity the cropping pattern into high value crops.

Both the State as well as the Central Government has recognized this, recently. The idea

that agricultural export expanded through greenhouse floriculture is desirable and

identified it is successful. Many studies found that, the floriculture production, domestic

118

consumption and export increased continually. The past study concluded that, even a

holder of very small area could derive benefits from flower cultivation as compare to

other ordinary crops.

Maharashtra`s soil, topography and climate shows a definite potential and scope

for various horticultural crops. A number of horticultural development programmes have

launched by the state, namely the National Horticulture Mission and other various

Government Schemes, along with productions and export intensives.

5.2.0 Land use and cropping pattern

The first, the foremost and the most important factor in agriculture is land.

Knowledge of it as also of crops grown on it is vital to an understanding of the basic

elements of agriculture. Hence, the study that follows depends upon land, its use, crops

and their pattern. Data regarding the number and size of operational holdings in

Maharashtra is presented in Table 5.1.

Table-5.1 Number, area and average size of operational holding of Maharashtra

Sr.No. Size

Class(Ha)

Number of

Operational Holding

(00 HA)

Area of Operational

Holding ( 00 HA)

Average size of

operational holding

(HA)

1 Below 0.5 27352(22.6) 7303(3.6) 0.27

2 0.5-1.0 25528(21.9) 19,105(15.7) 0.75

3 1.0-2.0 35954(29.7) 51,153(25.4) 1.42

4 2.0-3.0 15745(13.0) 13307(6.6) 2.37

4 3.0-4.0 6924(5.7) 23594(11.7) 3.34

6 4.0-5.0 3766(3.1) 16651(8.3) 4.42

7 5.0-10 4849(4.0) 31920(15.9) 6.58

8 10.-20 768(0.6) 9898(4.9) 12.89

9 20.0and

above

96(0.07) 3684(1.8) 38.37

Total 121002(100) 200615(100) 1.66

(Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total)

Source: Season and crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture,

Government of Maharashtra, Pune-5

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Average size of operational holding of Maharashtra has shown 1.66 per cent. The

number and area of operational holding was maximum in 1.0 to 2.0 size classes, which

were 29.7 and 25.4 per cent respectively, whereas, high-class size group shown number

and area of operational holdings were 0.07 & 1.8 per cent respectively which were less

but average size shown very high size group that is 38.37 per cent.

5.2.1 Land use pattern

The land utilization pattern have presenting its existing availability, the

possibilities of augmenting, its quantity and making the best of what is available.

Therefore, state of Maharashtra‟s land utilization pattern has presented in Table 5.2 it

indicates the percentage change of land use pattern over base year 1960-61. It observed

that net sown area of period II extended by 3.84 per cent, while, it was -2.50 of period III,

over the base year. Gross cropped area extended by 9.87 and 12.14 per cent during period

II &III respectively. Whereas, gross irrigated area was 15.1 per cent at period II (1990-91)

which shows 16.8 per cent at period III (2005-06) & net growth was only 1.7 per cent of

entire 15 years as compare to gross cropped area, It is proven that Maharashtra`s irrigation

policy is very poor, so, there is need to encourage less water intensive irrigation system.

00.751.422.373.34

4.42

6.58

12.89

38.37

Fig5.1 Average size of operational holding(Ha.)

Below 0.5

0.5-1.0

1.0-2.0

2.0-3.0

3.0-4.0

4.0-5.0

5.0-10

10.-20

20.0and above

120

Table - 5.2 Percentage change of land use pattern of Maharashtra

Sr.No. Particulars Period I

(000 Ha)

Period II

(000 Ha)

Period III

(000 Ha)

Percentage Change of

land use pattern over

base year 1960-61

1960-61 1990-91 2005-06 Period II

1990-91

Period III

2005-06

1. Geographical

area

30758

(100)

30758

(100)

30758

(100)

0.00 0.00

2. Net area sown 17878

(58.12)

18565

(60.35)

17430

(56.66)

3.84 -2.50

3. Gross cropped area 18823

(61.19)

21859

(72.06)

22556

(73.33)

9.87 12.14

4. Gross area irrigated 1220 3319 3810 15.1 16.8

(Figures in the bracket indicate percentages to the total geographical area)

Source: Economic survey of Maharashtra (2008/09), Department of Economics and

Statistics, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai

Table - 5.3 Land use pattern of state of Maharashtra (2001-02)

Sr.No. Particulars Percentage to total

1 Net area sown 56.86

2 Land under forest 16.94

3 Barren, uncultivable and cultivable waste 8.59

4 Current and other fallow land 8.20

5 Permanent pastures and land under misc.tree crops 4.88

6 Land put to non agricultural uses 4.53

Source: Season and crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture,

Government of Maharashtra, Pune-5

57%

17%

9%

8%

5%4%

Fig 5.2 Land use pattern of Maharashatra

Net area sown

Land under forest

Barren, uncultivable and

cultivable waste

Current and other fallow land

Permanent pastures and land

under misc.tree crops

Land put to non agricultural

uses

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Table: 5. 4 Changes in cropping pattern of Maharashtra (From 1960-61 to 2001-02)

(Area`00’Ha)

Sr.No. Particulars Period I Period II Period III %change in cropping pattern over base year-1960-61

1960-61 1990-91 2001-02 Period II -1990-91 Period III -2001-02

1 Rice 1300(6.9) 1597(7.30) 1515(6.71) 22.84 16.53

2 Wheat 907(4.8) 867(3.96) 933(4.13) -4.41 2.86

3 Jawar 6264(33.2) 6300(28.82) 4740(21.01) 0.25 -24.57

4 Bajara 1635(8.6) 1940(8.87) 1434(6.35) 18.65 -12.29

5 Other cereals 500(2.8) 432(1.99) 687(3.04) -13.6 37.4

A All cereals 10606(56.3) 11136(50.94) 9309(41.27) 4.99 -12.22

6 All Pulses 2349(12.4) 3257(14.9) 3432(15.21) 38.65 45.48

7 Sugarcane 155(0.8) 536(2.45) 501(2.22) 165.80 223.22

8 Cotton 2500(13.28) 2721(12.44) 2875(12.74) 8.84 15

9 Groundnut 1083(5.75) 804(3.67) 428(1.89) -25.76 -60

10 Tobacco 25(0.13) 08(0.03) 06(0.02) -68 -76

11 Other cash crops 2105(11.18) 3397(15.54) 6005(26.63) 61.37 185.28

B All commercial crops 8217(43.6) 10723(49.06) 13247(58.763) 30.60 61.22

A+B Gross cropped area 18823(100) 21859(100) 22556(100) 9.87 12.14

(Figures in the bracket indicate percentages to the gross cropped area)

Source: Season and crop report (2002) published by Department of Agriculture, Government of Maharashtra, Pune-5

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5.2.2 Cropping pattern

The crop pattern depicts the areas of land devoted to different crops. This gives a

picture of relative position of different crops. A study of changes in it overtime is also of

great significance. Therefore, data on changes in cropping pattern of Maharashtra has

presented in Table 5.4.

Table-5.4 shows the changes in cropping pattern of entire period of 1960-61 to

2001–02. As compared to period-III to period-II, it is clarifying that, jawar, bajara, all

cereals shown decreasing trends where groundnut and tobacco showed decreasing rapidly.

While rice and wheat showed increasing trends where all pulses, sugarcane and cotton

increases significantly, overall observation showed that, farm community of Maharashtra

prefer high value crops. Cereals observed dominated in cropping pattern of Maharashtra

but trend shows declining.

5.3.0 Floriculture Development through National Horticulture Mission

NHM is the scheme, which promoted the horticulture sector. Agriculture Ministry

of Government of India identified that the horticulture is the source of income and

employment generation as well as export promotion. The NHM introduced from 2005,

through state governments. Floriculture is the part of horticulture, which focused recently.

It observed that agro-climatic condition of Maharashtra is suitable for flower crop and

recently Government of Maharashtra gives promotion to high quality and hi-tech

floriculture. Government of Maharashtra has reflected quickly to implement centrally

sponsor scheme. As per resolution of Government of Maharashtra No Mandal

2005/pra.kra, 48/9-A/Date-24.Aug, 2009, Maharashtra State Horticulture and Medicinal

Plant Board set-up at Pune, under the registration Act 18607. For implementation of NHM

dynamically, Government of Maharashtra appointed the managing director.

123

Targets of the scheme

To expand horticulture with varied agro-climatic and need based through research,

technology post harvest technique, processing and marketing.

To improve standard of living of farm community as economic and health basis

To co-ordinate horticulture scheme as a unit

To integrate traditional and modern technology of flower cultivation

To generate employment opportunity for skilled and unskilled unemployment

To doubled the horticulture production during 2005-06 to 2011-12

Objectives of the scheme

To make direct relation between producer and consumer

Producer should earn maximum advantage

To encourage them through post harvest management, processing and marketing

technique

To expand area and production through following measures

A) Promotion of high value crops like fruits, vegetables and flower instead of

ordinary crops

B) Propagate new technique of high value crop

To assist finance for processing, packing, cold storage and post harvest management and

marketing

To unite, integrate and co-ordinate Public-Private Sector at national, State and local level

for R& D, processing and marketing

To encourage potentiality and resource development programme

Resource Development Programme

Subsidies for Nursery-Under the RDP Subsidy will provide 100 per cent and 50 per cent

to public and private sector respectively.

124

Tissue Culture Centre and Laboratories- Under this programme, Public Sector Tissue

Culture Centre and Laboratories would subsidies 100 per cent to make them strong to

provide high quality planting material similarly private sector laboratories will eligible to

give 50 per cent subsidy.

5.3.1 Subsidy for new project

Under NHM subsidy has released for flower crop with following norms.

Under the programme, subsidy will release for hi-tech and general green house,

shade net house, plastic tunnels and mulching paper with following norms. Subsidy for

Post Harvest and Marketing Management will released for pack house, cold storage,

Refer van/containers, pre-cooling unit, grinding and packing unit, contract farming,

wholesale and retail market etc with following margin.

5.3.2. Area Expansion Programme

The programme introduced to improve economic condition of common farmer

through cultivation of flower crops. To increase foreign exchange with promotion of

floriculture export is motive of the programme. For this purpose, following objectives put

on the programme.

Expansion of controlled and open field cultivation of flower with high quality seed

around cities

Changing seed pattern of open field with high quality planting material

Expanding area and production of green house flowers for export

High quality planting system will be developed for quality product

Features of the Programme

To set up new flower project

Subsidy will release for modern and traditional flower crop to attract farmers.

Promotion given to greenhouse and opened filed floriculture.

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Day by day demand of cut flowers has been rising, therefore, cultivation of rose, aster,

bird of paradise, helconiyas, golden rod, statice, lady less, gerberas, carnation, anthurium

etc. flowers will promote under the programme both controlled and open field.

Bulbous flowers: Tuberose, gladiolus, lilies, lily am, callosity, delia, these are bulbous

flowers, for the promotion of such flowers, and research centres are installed.

Loose flowers: Famous loose flowers are marigold, aster, gaillardia, shevanti, mogra,

zinnia, jai-jui, bijali. For the production of these flowers, high quality planting material

and imported seeds and plants will be provide to traditional flower growers. Under the

programme, planting material will provide through institutional source of public bodies

such as Agriculture Universities and Colleges, National Research Centres, Regional

Agriculture Research Centre, Public Nurseries.

Distribution of Subsidy

Those farmers registered their flower crop on their 7/12 document of farmland

will be eligible for subsidy. For the purpose of distribution of subsidy, Zillah Horticulture

Mission Committee will approve the proposals then District Superintendent Agriculture

Officer granted the subsidy to beneficiaries.

Selection of Beneficiaries

Document of 7/12 should produce by beneficiaries those have their own farmland.

Preference will be given to women‟s, S.C/ S.T. small and marginal farmers.

General Instruction of Programme

Planting material for flower crop taken only from authorized bodies.

Beneficiaries should have enough irrigation facilities.

It is expected by the scheme to cultivate specific flower crop in selected villages as

collective form.

126

Planting area will develop except present area with the purpose to attract new

farmers.

Proposed area will not less than 10 hectare around one village.

Dual benefit should not allow.

Subsidy will provide for greenhouse, shade net house, poly tunnel and open field

beneficiaries.

Training Programme

Training will be given for farmers those selected as beneficiaries, according to

their elected flower crop.

Adoption of modern technique, methods of production, marketing channel these are the

contents of training.

Tours and visits of beneficiaries will arrange to present floriculture project.

Table-5.5 Subsidy for open field Farming

Sr.No. Types of flower crop Norms of Subsidy Max Area (Ha)

1.0 Cut Flowers Rs.70,000/- -

1.1 Small Farmers 50% or Max 35,000/- 2

1.2 Other Farmers 33% or Max 23.100/- 4

2.0 Bulbous Flower Rs.90,000/- -


2.2 Other Farmers 33% or Max 29,700/- 4

3.0 Loose Flowers Rs.24,000 -


3.2 Other Farmers 33% or Max 7,920/- 4

Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievement)

Promotion of Modern Technique

To improve the farm productivity is the purpose of the programme. Following modern

technique will be preferred.

http://www.mhanhm.gov.in/

127

High quality planting material

High technique of controlled farming

Drip and sprinkler system of irrigation

Liquid fertilizers through drip irrigation

Use of bio-fertilizer and bio-insecticides

High production rate with low cost, etc

Table-5.6 Subsidy for Controlled Farming

Sr.No. Item and Types of

Beneficiaries

Approximate price and subsidy

( Per Square meter)

Maximum Area

(Ha)

1.0 Hi-Tech Greenhouse Rs.650/- -

1.1 Small and Marginal

Farmer

50% or Max 325/- 1000Sqr.meter

1.2 Other Farmer 33% or Max 215/- 1000Sqr. meter

2.0 General Greenhouse Rs.250/- -

2.1 Small and Marginal

Farmer

50% or Max 125/- 1000Sqr.meter

2.2 Other Farmer 33% or Max 83/- 1000Sqr. meter

3.0 Mulching Paper Rs.14,000 -

3.1 All Beneficiaries 50% or Max 7,000/- (Per Ha) 2 Ha

4.0 Shade Net Rs.14,000 -


5.0 Plastic Tunnel Rs.10,000 -


Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievement

Table-5.7 Subsidy for Post Harvest and Marketing Management

Sr.No. Unit Criteria (Per Unit ) Particulars of Finance

1 Pack house Rs. 2.50 Lakhs 25% for general Zone

and 33% for hill and

Adhivasi Zone 2 Cold storage Rs. 2 Crore

3 Air conditioned Van/ Pre-cooling

Unit/ Ripening Centre

Rs/ 24 Lakhs

4 Gradation Unit Rs. 2.50 Lakhs

5 Wholesale and Terminal Market Rs.100 Crores 25% for general Zone

and 33% for hill and

Adhivasi Zone 6 Collection and Gradation Rs. 15 Lakhs

7 Rural Market Rs. 15 Lakhs

Source: N.H.M. (2010) Subsidy to Floriculture, Target and achievem



128

5.4.0 Achievement of National Horticulture Mission

N.HM. gives subsidy to flower grower through District Superintendent

Agriculture Officer (DSAO) in financial form. It is policy matter to prefer small-scale

farmers. There are threefold classification to release subsidy i.e. cut flower, bulbulious

flower and loose flowers.

Table5.8 Subsidy to Cut Flowers

Year Small Farmers Other Farmers Rs( Lakh)

Phy Fin Phy Fin

2005-06 37 9.91 (71) 31 4.06(29) 13.97(100)

2006-07 300 20.84 (68) 95 9.80(32) 30.65(100)

2007-08 180 45.52 (91) 31 4.25(9) 49.77(100)

2008-09 10 12.05 (73) 84 4.45(27) 16.50(100)

2009-10 145 42.06 (82) 43 9.52(18) 51.58(100)

Total 197.87 (75) 64.60 (25) 262.47(100)



Table 5.8 shows the subsidy given by N.H.M.to cut flower grower during 2005-06

to 2009-10. Rs. 9.91 lakh total amount release to small farmers and Rs. 4.06 lakh to other

farmers It is clarify that 71 per cent amount release to small farmers while 29 per cent

9.91

20.84

45.52

12.05

42.06

4.06

9.8

4.25 4.45

9.52

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Rs.

Lak

h

Year

Fig-5.3 Subsidy to small and other farmer

Small Farmer

Other Farmer


129

release to other farmers. It indicates that the maximum amount disbursed to small

farmers. If consider the entire amount, it observed, average 75 per cent amount release to

small farmers

Table 5.9: Subsidy to Bulbilious Flower (Rs.in Lakh)

Year Small Farmers Other Farmers Rs.

Phy Fin Phy Fin

2005-06 29 0.00 42 0.00 0.00

2006-07 240 116.65(50) 291 116.28(50) 132.93(100)

2007-08 321 115.35(88) 86 15.80(12) 131.15(100)

2008-09 506 254.43(82) 28 54.25(18) 308.68(100)

2009-10 447 199.53(84) 131 38.58(16) 237.11(100)

Total 685.96(75) 224.91(25) 909.87(100)



Table 5.9 shows the year wise subsidy release to bulbilious flowers. It can be

observed that subsidy released equally to both small and other farmer category in year

2005-06; thereafter preference has given to small farmer, eventually overall level average

75 per cent amount released to small farmers.

Table 5.10: Subsidy to Loose Flowers (Rs.in Lakh)

Year Small Farmers Other Farmers Rs.

Phy Fin Phy Fin

2005-06 84 0.00 119 0.00 0.00

2006-07 892 99.20(63) 478 58.97(51) 158.17

2007-08 660 104.32(86) 208 16.53(14) 120.85

2008-09 747 123.83(80) 395 31.44(20) 155.27

2009-10 1026 121.32(83) 332 25.66(17) 146.98

Total 448.67(76) 132.60(24) 591.27


Table 5.10 clarifies that NHM releases subsidy to flower grower. It concluded

after critical observation at overall level, average 75 per cent subsidy released to small-

scale farmers, which means maximum amount released to promote small farmers through


130

flower growing. It showed, initially 63 per cent amount released to small farmers while

37 per cent amount released to other farmers, thereafter ratio between small and other

farmers was 8:20 and overall level average was 75 and 25 per cent respectively.

5.5.0 Flower production under open field

Maharashtra is one of the leading flower producers in the country. The state has

varying soil and agro-climatic condition, which offer tremendous scope for commercial

floriculture. Following were the famous flower producing districts in reference year.

Table-5.11 Division wise distribution of open field flower production (2007-08)

Sr.No. Division Area(HA) Production (L.P/ M.T)

Tuberose

(L P)

Rose

(L P)

Aster

(L P)

Other

(M T)

1 Amravati 1701(11) 20(3) 1169(21) 61(17) 2121(4)

2 Aurangabad

(Single)

104(0.5) - - - 384(15)

3 Kokan 1101(7) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

4 Kolhapur 1811(12) 1285(16) 1791(33) 501(11) 11853(53)

5 Latur 1348(9) 218(3) 704(13) 338(8) 3461(6)

6 Nagpur 1625(11) 2664(32) 475(9) 180(4) 6483(12)

7 Nasik 706(5) 07(0.09) 114(2) 350(8) 2711(5)

8 Pune (Single) 6702`(44) 3761(46) 1192(22) 3010(68) 21556(39)

Total 15096

(100)

8137

(100)

5445

(100)

4440

(100)

55569

(100)

*L.P-lakh pairs,*M.T-metric tons


Source: Directorate of Horticulture (2007-08), Government of Maharashtra, Pune

Table 5.11 showed the division wise distribution of area and production of

flowers under open field. Amravati, Kolhapur and Nagpur region occupied above 10 per

cent area of the state flower crop and Pune region occupied near about 45 per cent area

while, as regard to production, Pune obtained 39 per cent; followed by Kolhapur got 34

per cent. As far as concern to cut flower under open field, Pune got 58, 46 and 22 per cent

of aster, tuberose and rose respectively; Kolhapur region got maximum production of

rose (33 %) while Amravati region got 21 per cent production of rose.

131

Table 5.12 Flower- crop wise area under open field flower (2008-09)

Sr.No. Flower crop Area(ha)

1 Aster 650.94 (3.96)

2 Rose 4967.69 (30.22)

3 Chrysanthemum 2226.90 (13.55)

4 Gladiolus 548.16 (3.33)

5 Jasmine 1798.65 (10.94)

6 Marigold 4453.79 (27.10)

7 Lilies 188.43 (1.46)

8 Tuberose 912.17 (5.55)

9 Other 685.20 (4.16)

Total 16431.92 (100)

Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total

Source: Data on Horticulture (2007-08), Directorate of Horticulture, Government of

Maharashtra Pune5

It revealed from Table 5.12 that, maximum area showed under rose of 4967

hectare (30.22%) followed by marigold of 4453.69 hectare (10%), chrysanthemum

2226hectare (13.55%), whereas jasmine of 1798 hectare (10.94%), tuberose 912.17

hectare (5.55%), aster 650.94 hectare (3.96%).

Table 5.13 shows that Nasik, Nagpur, Sangli, Nanded, Satara, Akola, Pune, Thane, and

Ahmednagar were leading district of state of Maharashtra, which cultivate various types of

flowers.

It can be seen from Table 5.14, that area under green house flower rising rapidly.

In general, area rise more than doubled during 2008-09 to 2009-10, particularly, area

under rose, gerbera and carnation has been rising more than anthorium and orchids.

132

Table-5.13 District wise famous flowers (Maharashtra)

Sr.No. District Major Flower Crops

1 Nasik Rose, Marigold, Aster

2 Nagpur Rose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold, Tuberose, Gaillardia, white lily,

Golden rod, Dezy, Aster

3 Sangli Flutes, Marigold, Rose, Aster, Como mile

4 Nanded Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Aster, Mogra, Tuberose, Rose, Gaillardia

5 Satara Marigold, Aster, Chrysanthemum, Rose, Tuberose, Mogra

6 Akola Marigold, Chrysanthemum, Rose Gaillardia, Tuberose, Aster

7 Pune Marigold, Rose, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, aster, Mogra, Gerbera,

Gladiolus

8 Thane Rose, Chrysanthemum, Marigold, Jasmine, Lily, Kagda, Jai, and

Gaillardia.

9 Ahmednagar Marigold, Rose, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, aster, Mogra, Gerbera,

Gladiolus


Maharashtra Pune5

Table-5.14 Area under greenhouse flowers (Ha) of Maharashtra

Sr.No. Flower 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Per cent change over 2007-08

2008-09 2009-10

1 Rose 145(47) 174(47) 219 (46) 20.0 51.0

2 Gerbera 85(27) 101(27) 122 (27) 18.8 43.5

3 Carnation 67(21) 81(21) 97 (21) 20.8 44.7

4 Anthorium 06(2) 07(2) 08 (02) 16.6 33.3

5 Orchids 09(3) 11(3) 13(3) 22.2 44.4

Total 312(100) 375(100) 450(100) 20.1 44.2



Maharashtra Pune5

It can be seen from Table 5.15, that production under green house flower rising

rapidly. In general, production increased more than doubled during 2008-09 to 2009-10

of all type of flowers.

133

Table-5.15 Production of greenhouse flowers (lakh stem/year)

Sr.No. Flower 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Per cent change over2007-08

2008-09 2009-10

1 Rose 2613(46) 3135(46) 3762 (46) 19.7 43.9

2 Gerbera 1651(29) 2029(29) 2435 (29) 22.8 47.4

3 Carnation 1349(24) 1619(24) 1943(24) 20.1 44.0

4 Antthorium 29(1) 35(1) 42 (01) 20.6 44.8

5 Orchids 46(1) 56(11) 67(1) 21.7 45.6

Total 5728 6873 8248 19.9 43.9

Figures in the bracket indicate percentage to respective total.


Maharashtra Pune

145

174

219

85101

122

6781

97

6 7 89 11 13

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Ha.

Fig 5.5 Area of different fower under GH

Rose

Jerbera

Carnation

Anthurium

Orchids

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

2613

3135

3762

16512029

2435

13491619

1943

29 35 4246 56 67

lak

h/s

tem

/yea

r

Fig 5.6 Production of different flower under GH

Rose

Jerbera

Carnation

Anthurium

Orchids

134

5.6.0 Concluding Observation

The agro-economy of Maharashtra and floriculture development summarized as follows.

1 Maharashtra state has varying soil types and agro-climatic conditions, which offer

tremendous scope for floriculture.

2 The number and area of operational holding was 1.0 to 2.0 in maximum size

class, which were 29.7 and 25.4 per cent respectively.

3 It observed that the state of Maharashtra‟s irrigation facilities was quite less

compare to all India level in reference period.

4 Cereals were dominant place in cropping pattern of Maharashtra but trend showed

declining.

5 The state government has gave incentives through N.H.M and also taken special

initiatives of its own by formulating the capital subsidy scheme to expand area

under flower crops

6 The state government supported to small and marginal farmers through capital

subsidy.

7 The government policies promoted to progressive technique through provision of

high quality planting material.

8 Pune, Nasik, Aurangabad, Nanded, Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Thane and Nagpur

were famous for flower cultivation in reference period.

9 As per area and production statistics, state identified aggressive in flower

production.

135

References

1 Economic survey of Maharashtra (2004/05) p17 GoM, Mumbai

2 Data on Horticulture,(2009/10), Directorate of Horticulture GoM, Pune 5

3 Data on Horticulture,(2009/10), Directorate of Horticulture GoM, Pune 5

4 Census of India(2001) Maharashtra Administrative Atlas, Directorate of census

operations, Maharashtra P-40-50

5 Maharashtra (2010) Santosh Dastane, Dastane and Company, Pune

6 Maharashtra (2010) Santosh Dastane, Dastane and Company, Pune

7 Access from electronic source WWW.mhanhm.gov.in (2010) Subsidy to

Floriculture, Target & achievement ,GoM ,Pune


Documents

CHAPTER V AGRO-ECONOMY OF MAHARASHTRA AND FLORICULTURE 5.1.0 AGRO