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Chapter Seven: Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations. A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. A chemical reaction can be represented by a chemical equation. Chemical Equations. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter Seven: Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations
Chemical Equations
A chemical reaction is the process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances.
A chemical reaction can be represented by a chemical equation.
Chemical EquationsA correct chemical equation shows what changes take place. It also shows the amount of chemicals and compounds in a reaction.
2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O
(Reactants) (Yields) (Products)
Chemical Equations
Reactants = Starting substancesProducts = Substances Formed
Writing Balanced Equations
Determine the reactants and products
Write the reactants on the left side of the equation and the products on the right
Show an equal number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.
Example
When propane gas burns in the air, the reactants are propane (C3H8)and oxygen (O2). The products formed are carbon dioxide (CO2)and water (H2O).
Step 1: Find the reactants and products.
Example
Step 2: Write a chemical equation
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Example
Step 3: Balance the chemical equation
*In balancing a chemical equation, change only the coefficients. Never change the subscripts.
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
Physical StatesBesides specifying the compounds
involved in the reaction, we often indicate the physical states of the reactants and products by the following symbols: (s)Solid (l)Liquid (g)Gas (aq)Dissolved in water
Physical States
Homework Assignment
Page 235: 33-36 Write the Q’s
Writing Reactions Identify the reactants and products and
write the equation for each of the following chemical reactions.
The key to getting this right is to balance each of the pieces correctly (Write the balanced formula. Remember from chapter 4?)
After writing the reactions balance them.
Writing ReactionsThere are a few elements that need to be
treated in a special way because of how they bond with each other.
Example: Elemental oxygen, is never found by itself. It is always found as O2. Oxygen is one of the diatomic elements. This means they are always paired up.
There are 7 diatomic elements: H, I, Br, O, N, Cl, F. (Remember HI BrONClF!) These elements are all gases!
Writing ReactionsWhen writing the balanced formula for
elemental metals they are always written by themselves.
Example: Elemental Copper is just Cu. Elemental Aluminum is just Al.
This will be the case for all elemental metals.
Writing Reactions
Example 1:
Solid magnesium metal reacts with liquid water to form solid magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Step 1: Find the reactants and products
Writing Reactions
The reactants are Mg metal and Water, the products are Mg hydroxide and H gas.
Step 2: Write the balanced formula for each piece.
Mg (s) = Magnesium Metal H2O (l) = Water
Mg(OH)2 (s) = Magnesium Hydroxide
H2 (g)= Hydrogen gas
Writing Reactions
Step 3: Put the reactants and products into a chemical reaction.
Mg(s) + H2O(l) Mg(OH)2 (s) + H2(g)
Step 4: Balance the reaction
2
Writing Reactions
Write the following reactions and then balance them:
1. Solid Ammonium dichromate decomposes to solid chromium (III) oxide, gaseous nitrogen, and gaseous water.
2. Gaseous ammonia (NH3) reacts with gaseous oxygen to form gaseous nitrogen monoxide and gaseous water.
AssignmentPage 234 #’s 9-11, 13, 18, 21, 25-28I want you to write the question, circle
the reactants, underline the products. Then write out the reaction in symbol form and balance it.