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Chapter One – Introduction to Computers

Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

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Page 1: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Chapter One – Introduction to Computers

Page 2: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

What is Computer Literacy?Knowledge and understanding of computers

and the usage.Computer is everyway.

Discussion – is there any computer system around you?

Page 3: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

What is a Computer?A collection of electronic devices that links

together for data processing.A computer is a programmable machine

that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.

Page 4: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Information processing cycleInput ProcessOutputStorageCommunication

InputProces

s

Storage

Output

Page 5: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

INPUT

Data – Raw facts, figures, symbols

PROCESS

Data are organized into meaningful, useful format.

Process data into Information

OUTPUT

Display/present the outcomes of

process (INFORMATION)

to user

PROCEDURES & STORES RESULTS

Page 6: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerInput Devices –

Hardware devices used for entering data and instructions into the Computer.

Examples - Keyboard, Microphone, Mouse, Scanner, trackball, joystick, touch screen, paddle, motion sensing , light pen, webcam, scanner, bar code reader, laser rangefinder etc…

Page 7: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerOutput device is any

piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer) to the outside world

Examples – Screen(Monitor), Speaker, Headphones, projector, printer, etc…

Page 8: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerSystem unit, also

known as a base unit, is the main body of a desktop computer, typically consisting of a plastic enclosure containing the motherboard, power supply, cooling fans, internal disk drives, and the memory modules and expansion cards that are plugged into the motherboard, such as video and network cards.

Page 9: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerTwo main

components on motherboardCentral Processing

Unit (CPU)Memory

Page 10: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion
Page 11: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerCentral Processing Unit (CPU)

Memory

Also known as ProcessorElectronics components

that interprets and carries out the instructions(programs) that operates the computer.

Is the primary element that carry out computer functions.

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.

Random Access Memory (RAM)Also known as Main

Memory or Primary Storage

Example: SDRAM

Page 12: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerComputer Data StorageOften called storage or memory, Recording media that retain digital data used

for computing.Information retention. Note:

Memory usually refers to random-access memory(RAM) and sometimes other forms of fast but temporary storage.

Storage commonly refers to mass storage — optical discs, hard disk drives, and other types slower than RAM, but of a more permanent nature.

Page 13: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerMain Memory StoragePrimary Storage,

Internal MemoryVolatileRAM, SDRAM

Secondary Storage, External Memory

Non-volatileHard disk drive, CD,

DVD, flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched cards, and Iomega Zip drives.

Page 14: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Components of a ComputerCommunication Media

Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instruction and information.

Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular phone, satellite and other transmission media.

Page 15: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Advantages and Disadvantages of using ComputerAdvantages

Speed Faster data transferReliabilityConsistencyStorageCommunication

DisadvantagesViolation of PrivacyImpact on labor force

Use of robotics technology in factory, mines

Health Risk Carpal tunnel syndrome other repetititive strain

disorders Eye strain

Impact on Environment anti-social behavior and

depression.

Page 16: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Networks and InternetA computer network, often simply referred to

as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users.

Share Resources Hardware devicesSoftware (programs, application)DataInformation

To save time and money

Page 17: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Networks and InternetServer

Manage the resources on the network.

Client access the recourses from the server.

A computer system that provides essential services across a network.

Page 18: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Networks and InternetInternet

Worldwide collections of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educations institutions and individuals.

Inter-operability is the ability to communicate with a computer even if it is a different brand or model

Page 19: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Networks and InternetWhy do people use the Internet?

ShoppingEducationCommunicationInstant MessagingE-mailBankingInvestmentEntertainmentData Transfer

Page 20: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Networks and InternetWeb Site

A Web site is a collection of related Web documents that are made available to the public

The index page, or home page, is the first page of a Web site

Web pages are individual Web documents

Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video and links (hyperlink) to other web pages.

Page 21: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Intranet?An intranet is a private computer network

that uses Internet Protocol technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or network operating system within that organization.

Page 22: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Computer Software•All the programs that give the computer its instructions.•Two categories of software:

Programs that control and maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.

Programs that perform specific tasks for users.

System Software Application Software

Page 23: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Computer SoftwareSystem Software

1. Operating System Is a set of programs

that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software.

2. Utility Program Allow the user to

perform maintenance-type task usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs.

Page 24: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Computer SoftwareGraphical User Interface

(GUI)Allow users to interact with

the software using graphics and icons.

Controls how user enter data and how the screen displays information.

A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation to fully represent the information and actions available to a user.

Page 25: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Computer SoftwareProgram

A sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer.

ProgrammerSomeone who writes

computer software. Also refer to a

specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

#include <stdio.h>int main(void){

puts("Hello world!");return 0;

}

Page 26: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Categories of ComputersPersonal Computers

Deskstop (IBM)iMac (Machitosh)

Mobile devices (computer)Notebook(Laptop)Tablet PCPersonal Digital

Assistant (PDA)

Page 27: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Categories of Computers Midrange server

(Minicomputer) Powerful, large computer

that support up to few thousands computers.

handle the computing for small corporations

Mainframe Very powerful, supports

thousands of computers. Supercomputer

Fastest, most powerful, most expensive,

Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculation. (NASA)

Embedded Computer

Page 28: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Categories of ComputersEmbedded ComputerA special-purpose

computer that function as a component in a large product.

It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts

Designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions

range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers.

Page 29: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Elements of an Information SystemInformation System

Frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, processes, data and technology.

Organization, people interact with this technology in support of business processes.

MIS, DSS, EIS

ElementsHardwareSoftwareDataPeopleProcedures

Page 30: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Examples of Computer usageComputers can work

with all types of dataPurchase CDs from an

online storeOrganize music

collectionsResearch music

reviewsSend e-mail to friends

and familyUse a word-processor

to create a term paper

Page 31: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Examples of Computer usageFacilitate

collaborationFacilitate learning

with computer-based study guides

Internet researchManufacturingEducationMilitaryEntertainment

Page 32: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Computer Application in SocietyEducation FinanceGovernmentHealth careSciencePublishingTravelIndustry

Page 33: Chapter One – Introduction to Computers. What is Computer Literacy? Knowledge and understanding of computers and the usage. Computer is everyway. Discussion

Thank You