Chapter One, Introduction to Air Force Junior ROTC LESSON ...schoolwires.henry.k12.ga.us/cms/lib08/GA01000549/Centricity/Domain/1217/Leadership...Chapter One, Introduction to Air Force

Chapter One, Introduction to Air Force Junior ROTC

Lesson Two, The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards

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LESSON PLAN

PART I

Lesson 2: The Military Uniform and Appearance Standards.

Instructor: Academic Instructor

Teaching Method: Informal Lecture

Visual Aids (VA): PowerPoint Presentation

Student Preparation:

Reading Assignment: Leadership Education I: Citizenship, Character and Air Force

Tradition, Chapter 1, Lesson 2

Homework Assignment: Instructors may use any or all Student Workbook questions for

this lesson as homework on in-class assignment.

Date of Lesson Development/Last Major Revision: 1998/July 2005

PART IA

Lesson Objectives:

1. Know the history of the military uniform.

2. Know the Air Force Junior ROTC uniform and standards for dress and personal

appearance.

3. Know the Air Force and Air Force Junior ROTC insignia.

Samples of Behavior/Main Points:

1. Outline the history of the military uniform.

2. Explain dos and don'ts for wearing the Air Force uniform.

3. Describe appearance and grooming standards.

4. Identify grade insignia for Air Force and Air Force Junior ROTC.

PART IB

Strategy: Emphasize to your cadets that they represent the U.S. Armed Forces. It is important

that they know how to wear their uniforms properly and understand the standards for personal

appearance.

PowerPoint Presentation: Information points will appear on mouse clicks.



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Lesson Outline:

1. Quick Write/Motivation (5 min.)

2. Topics (40 min.)

a. What does the military uniform symbolize?

b. What is the history of the uniform?

c. How do you wear the Air Force uniform properly?

d. What are the AFJROTC uniform standards?

e. What are special team uniforms?

f. What are the guidelines for cadet appearance and grooming?

g. What are the insignia of grade?

3. Wrap-up (5 min.)



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PART II

INTRODUCTION

ATTENTION

The military uniform evolved over many centuries. It

represents a long tradition of duty and service to one's

country. There are rules and standards for wearing today's

U.S. Air Force uniform and the Air Force Junior ROTC

uniform, including insignia of grade.

MOTIVATION

Today, you'll learn how to properly present yourself as a

member of the U.S. Air Force Junior ROTC. You will learn

how to wear your uniform correctly and will review

guidelines for good grooming. You'll also learn to

understand the grades and interesting insignia of the U.S.

Air Force.

LESSON OVERVIEW

Today, we’ll cover the following topics:

a. What does the military uniform symbolize?

b. What is the history of the uniform?

c. How do you wear the Air Force uniform properly?

d. What are the AFJROTC uniform standards?

e. What are special team uniforms?

f. What are the guidelines for cadet appearance and

grooming?

g. What are the insignia of grade?



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QUICK WRITE List the first three things you think of when you see a

person in uniform.

Ask volunteers to share their lists. Discuss the reasons why

people wear uniforms. For example, wearing a uniform

indicates a group's common roots or common interests (as

for scout troops or police forces). Many people enjoy being

part of a group that wears a uniform.

BODY

PRESENTATION

1. What does the military uniform symbolize?

a. The military uniform is more than just clothes.

(1) It is a public symbol of the nation's defense

forces.

(2) It represents a long and honorable tradition of

devotion to duty in service to one's country.

b. The military uniform should be worn proudly

and properly.

(1) The way in which you wear the uniform

reflects upon the U.S. Air Force.

(2) You must maintain a high standard of dress

and personal appearance while wearing the

uniform.



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(3) The key elements for wearing the uniform are

neatness, cleanliness, safety, and military

image.

2. What is the history of the uniform?

a. A uniform is a distinctive mode of dress. It

comes from a combination of two Latin words,

unus and forma, which means "one form."

b. In ancient times, the Roman toga was a loose

outer garment worn by citizens appearing in

public.

(1) The toga candida was a white garment worn

only by candidates for public office.

(2) The toga palmata was a fancy toga worn to

ceremonial affairs.

(3) The toga praetexta was a white toga with a

purple border and was worn by emperors.

Varying sources also indicate that the toga

praetexta was worn by young children until

they reached the age of puberty or became

married.

(4) The toga sordida was worn by the lower

classes, mourners, and people accused of

crimes.

c. Athenian and Spartan soldiers dressed according

to their position in military formations during the

Peloponnesian War in the fifth century B.C.



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(1) A Greek heavy infantryman wore a helmet,

breastplate, and armor covering the legs below

the knee; he also carried a shield and sword.

(2) The light-foot soldier wore no armor and

carried a lighter shield and a spear.

(3) These were military uniforms in the sense that

all soldiers looked alike.

(4) Therefore, the origin of the military uniform is

assigned to an early date in Western

civilization.

d. National armies with standardized uniforms

became a reality during the Great Rebellion

(1642–1646) in England, when the English

Parliament decided to raise and support an

army.

(1) The English uniform was red with different-

colored facings to distinguish regiments.

(2) The uniform styles were an adaptation of

civilian dress and featured a coat, waistcoat,

breeches, stockings, and shoes or boots.

(3) The use of colors and standards came to be the

means to identify units.

(4) Troops serving under people who had

personal fortunes were dressed by their

wealthy leaders in distinctive and colorful

uniforms.

(5) From this start, the military uniform evolved.



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3. How do you wear the Air Force uniform properly?

a. The AFJROTC uniform is the same, with

certain exceptions, as that worn by active duty

Air Force personnel.

(1) You are expected to honor the uniform—to

wear it properly and with pride. You represent

the corps.

(2) How you wear the uniform exposes you and

the Air Force to praise or fault from fellow

students and society at large.

b. Cadets may not wear the uniform while

hitchhiking, in student demonstrations, for

crowd control, during political events, or in any

other inappropriate activity.

c. Cadets may wear the uniform while acting as

ushers, parking lot attendants, runners, etc., at

the discretion of the Senior Aerospace Science

Instructor (SASI).

d. Parts of the Hatch Act bar military personnel

from engaging in any form of public political

activity while in uniform.

(1) This includes attending rallies and political

speeches or passing out flyers.

(2) Military personnel are also prohibited from

publicly supporting a particular candidate,

party, or political issue when it is clear to

others that they are members of the U.S.

military.



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(3) The intent of the law is to avoid the perception

that any military official supports one political

cause, candidate, or party over another.

(4) Members of the military, however, are

actively encouraged to vote.

(5) They may place political bumper stickers on

their own vehicles and/or signs on their

private property.

(6) They can participate in political events as long

as they are not in uniform and do not identify

themselves as military members.

(7) Since AFJROTC cadets wear a form of the

Air Force uniform, they should also follow the

Hatch Act terms while in uniform.

e. Air Force Instruction (AFI) 36-2903, Dress and

Personal Appearance of Air Force Personnel,

forbids those in military uniform from

participating in any public demonstration

where it might be implied that the Air Force

supports a particular cause.

(1) These activities include public speeches,

rallies, interviews, picket lines, and marches.

(2) Engaging in an activity that might imply Air

Force endorsement of a commercial interest or

engaging in private employment while in

uniform is also banned.

f. No item of the Air Force uniform may be worn

by members of groups that sponsor the

AFJROTC.



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(1) Cadet auxiliary societies may not create a

special uniform that includes any item of the

U.S. Air Force uniform.

(2) This includes school faculty and sponsors

other than the SASI or the Aerospace Sciences

Instructor (ASI).

4. What are the AFJROTC uniform standards?

a. Most Air Force Junior ROTC units have

published information on the cadet uniform

and how to wear it.

(1) These directives, handbooks, or regulations

are usually based on three publications. These

publications can be found on the AFJROTC

Cyber-Campus Web site.

(a) AFI 36-2903: Dress and Personal

Appearance of Air Force Personnel

(b) Air Force Junior ROTC Instruction

(AFJROTCI) 36-2001: Air Force Junior

ROTC Operations

(c) AFJROTC Uniform and Awards Guide

b. Cadets have a responsibility to maintain all

uniform items in a clean and orderly condition

at all times.



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c. The male service uniform consists of dark blue

service coat and trousers; light blue, long-

sleeved shirt; and dark blue tie.

d. The female service uniform consists of dark

blue service coat with slacks or skirt, light blue

blouse, and tie tab.

e. Other standards include the following:

(1) The coat will be form fitted, meaning that it

must not be tight in the shoulder, chest, and

underarms.

(2) Sleeve length should extend to one-quarter

inch from the heel of the thumb when the

arms are hanging naturally at the sides.

(3) The bottom of the coat should extend 3 to 3.5

inches below the top of the thigh.

(4) Trousers for males must be trim-fitted with no

bunching at the waist or bagging in the seat.

(5) Slacks for female cadets should fit naturally

over the hips, with no bunching or sagging in

the seat.

(6) Trousers or slacks should rest at the top of the

shoe with a slight break in the crease.

(7) Backs of trousers should be seven-eighths

inch longer than the front.

(8) Proper length of the trousers or slacks can be

determined while standing at attention.



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f. Uniform do's

(1) Do wear the standard Air Force uniform, as

prescribed in AFI 36-2903, properly and with

pride.

(2) Do wear the uniform on the day established by

the SASI (usually at least one day each week).

(3) Do wear the uniform at other times specified

by the SASI.

(4) Do wear the uniform when you fly on military

aircraft.

(5) Do wear the uniform when you participate in

a color guard or drill team.

(6) Do keep your shoes polished and shined,

including the heels and the edges of the soles.

(7) Do make sure your shoes are appropriate for

the activity.

(8) Do ensure that badges, insignia, belt buckles,

and other metallic devices are clean and free

of scratches and corrosion.

(9) Do keep ribbons clean and replace them when

they become worn, frayed, or faded.

(10) If your unit is at a military high school, do

wear the distinctive uniform required by the

institution for special occasions and

ceremonies.



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g. Uniform don'ts

(1) Don’t wear the Air Force commissioned officer

sleeve braid or the officer silver thread on flight

caps.

(2) Don’t wear the uniform with other clothing.

(3) Don’t lend your uniform to anyone who is not

a member of the Air Force Junior ROTC

program.

(4) Don’t allow articles such as wallets, pencils,

pens, watch chains, checkbooks,

handkerchiefs, and combs to be visible.

(5) Don’t wear earphones or headphones while in

uniform, unless required for duty.

(6) Don’t carry pagers or cell phones, unless

required for duty. (When required for duty,

they must be clipped to the waistband or purse

or be carried in the left hand when not in use.)

5. What are special team uniforms?

a. Color guards, honor guards, saber teams, and

drill teams may wear additional uniform items

or wear a distinctive, yet conservative, uniform

of military style.



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b. Except for color cords, these items or uniforms

are worn only when performing duty as a

member of a specialized group.

c. Greater latitude will be permitted in the design

of open competition drill team uniforms where

the intent is to allow maximum flexibility and

freedom of movement in executing complex

drill routines.

(1) Units using this style of uniform would

normally be expected to have their regulation

uniform or a second, more conservative

military style uniform for the inspection and

regulation drill requirements found in most

drill meets.

(2) Ascots are authorized for wear at the

discretion of the SASI.

6. What are the guidelines for cadet appearance and

grooming?

a. Cadets in uniform are responsible for

presenting a neat, clean, and professional

military image.

b. Standards for wearing the uniform consist of

four elements: neatness, cleanliness, safety, and

military image.

c. Jewelry standards

(1) Cadets may wear a wristwatch and rings, but

they may wear no more than three rings at one

time.



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(2) Cadets may also wear a wrist bracelet if it is

neat and conservative. However, it must not

distract from military image, must not be

wider than one inch, and must not subject

anyone to potential injury.

(3) Female cadets in uniform may wear earrings if

the earrings are conservative and kept within

sensible limits.

(4) Male cadets in uniform may not wear

earrings.

d. Eyeglasses or sunglasses

(1) Eyeglasses or sunglasses must have lenses and

frames that are conservative; faddish or

mirrored lenses are prohibited.

(2) Neither eyeglasses nor sunglasses can be worn

around the neck while in uniform.

e. Tattoos or brands

(1) Tattoos or brands anywhere on the body are

not allowed if they are obscene or if they

advocate sexual, racial, ethnic, or religious

discrimination.

(2) Excessive tattoos or brands will not be

exposed or visible while in uniform.

f. Body piercing and other attachments to body

parts



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(1) Cadets in uniform are not allowed to attach or

display objects, articles, jewelry, or

ornamentation to or through the ear, nose,

tongue, or any exposed body part (including

anything that might be visible through the

uniform).

(2) Female cadets in uniform, however, are

allowed to wear conservative earrings, pierced

or clip style, in their earlobes.

g. Specific female cadet guidelines

(1) Hair should be no longer than the bottom of

the collar edge at the back of the neck.

(2) Hairstyle must be conservative.

(3) Hairstyle should look professional and allow

you to wear uniform headgear in the proper

manner.

(4) Hair must not be too full or high on the head.

(5) Pins, combs, barrettes, and similar items must

be plain.

(6) The length of the skirt may not vary beyond

the top and bottom of the kneecap.

(7) The skirt should fit smoothly, should hang

naturally, and must not be excessively tight.

(8) Hosiery must be worn with the skirt.



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h. Specific male cadet guidelines

(1) Hair must be kept clean, neat, and trimmed.

(2) It must not contain large amounts of grooming

aids that remain visible in the hair.

(3) Hair should not touch the ears or eyebrows.

(4) Only the closely cut or shaved hair on the

back of the neck should touch the collar.

(5) Hair should not exceed 1¼ inches in bulk

regardless of the length. Bulk is the distance

that the hair projects from the scalp when

groomed (as opposed to length of hair).

(6) Bulk and length of hair must not interfere with

wearing any Air Force headgear properly.

(7) Hair must not protrude below the front band

of the headgear.

(8) Hair must have a tapered appearance on both

sides and back, both with and without

headgear.

(9) Hair may not contain or have attached to it

any visible foreign items.

(10) Sideburns must be straight and of even width

and end in a clean-shaven horizontal line; they

may not extend below the lowest part of the

outer ear opening.



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(11) No extreme or faddish hairstyles or hair colors

are allowed.

7. What are the insignia of grade?

a. Active duty insignia of grade

(1) An insignia is a badge or mark of office or

honor. Grade insignia identify the rank of each

member of the Armed Forces.

(2) The Air Force grade insignia system is broken

down into two categories: officer grades and

enlisted grades.

(3) Enlisted grades are subdivided into two

categories: Noncommissioned Officers (NCO)

and airman grades.

(4) Officer grades and insignia include

(a) Second Lieutenant, O-1—gold bar

(b) First Lieutenant, O-2—silver bar

(c) Captain, O-3—two connected silver bars

(d) Major, O-4—gold leaf

(e) Lieutenant Colonel, O-5—silver leaf



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(f) Colonel, O-6—silver eagle

(g) Brigadier General, O-7—one silver star

(h) Major General, O-8—two silver stars in a

line

(i) Lieutenant General, O-9—three silver

stars in a line

(j) General, O-10—four silver stars in a line

(5) Airman grades and insignia include

(a) Airman Basic, E-1—no insignia

(b) Airman, E-2—chevron of one silver stripe

with a silver star in the middle

(c) Airman First Class, E-3—chevron of two

silver stripes with a silver star in the

middle

(d) Senior Airman, E-4—chevron of three

silver stripes with a silver star in the

middle

(e) Staff Sergeant, E-5—chevron of four

stripes

(f) Technical Sergeant, E-6—chevron with

five stripes



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(g) Master Sergeant, E-7—chevron of five

stripes with one stripe in inverted position

above the star

(h) Senior Master Sergeant, E-8—chevron of

five stripes with two stripes in inverted

position above the star

(i) Chief Master Sergeant, E-9—chevron of

five stripes with three stripes in inverted

position above the star

(6) Proper methods of address when speaking to

officers are as follows:

(a) "Lieutenant" for a Second Lieutenant and

a First Lieutenant

(b) "Colonel" for either a Lieutenant Colonel

or a Colonel

(c) "General" for all generals

(d) Use full titles for official correspondence.

(7) Noncommissioned Officers

(a) NCOs are airmen serving in the grade of

staff sergeant through chief master

sergeant.



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(b) NCOs play such an important role in troop

leadership that there are five

noncommissioned officer grade insignia.

(c) Address a Chief Master Sergeant as

"Chief." Address all other sergeants as

"Sergeant." Use full titles in official

correspondence.

(d) The inverted and curved chevron of

today's Air Force gives an appearance

distinctive from that of the NCOs and

petty officers of other branches of the U.S.

Armed Forces.

(e) The background of chevrons for NCOs is

blue, and the stripes are silver with a silver

star in the center.

(f) The subdued insignia worn on the BDU

consists of dark blue stripes on a green

background with a dark blue star.

(g) First sergeants wear a diamond device

(which stands for a job position only)

above the star on their chevrons.

(h) First sergeants may hold the rank of Master

Sergeant (MSgt), Senior Master Sergeant

(SMSgt), or Chief Master Sergeant

(CMSgt).

(i) These top senior NCOs hold a position of

trust and responsibility as the link between

the commander and the unit personnel.



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(j) The first sergeant is responsible for

1 Ensuring that all enlisted personnel

know their commander's policies

2 Representing the interests of enlisted

personnel to the commander

3 Promoting enlisted welfare, morale, and

health by working with base agencies on

special issues

4 Assisting the commander in maintaining

discipline and standards of conduct

5 Providing professional guidance on

matters of leadership, military justice,

and customs and courtesies

(k) The Chief Master Sergeant of the Air

Force (CMSAF)

1 Holds the highest position of any

enlisted personnel

2 Acts as personal advisor to the Air Force

Chief of Staff and the Secretary of the

Air Force

3 Provides information about the welfare,

effectiveness, and progress of the

enlisted force



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4 Has a grade insignia of a chevron of

eight stripes with a wreath around the

bottom and sides of the star and the

Great Seal of the United States of

America with two stars in the upper left

field

5 On October 24, 1966, Air Force Chief of

Staff General John P. McConnell

announced the creation of the position of

Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force.

6 Position was created to add prestige to

the NCO corps.

7 The first CMSAF was Chief Paul W.

Airey.

(8) There are four Airman grades, as follows:

(a) Airman Basic (AB)

(b) Airman (Amn)

(c) Airman First Class (A1C)

(d) Senior Airman (SrA)

(9) For enlisted grades, the pay grade is always

one more than the number of stripes.



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b. Air Force Junior ROTC insignia of grade

(1) For officer grades, active duty grade insignia

are very different from cadet grade insignia.

(2) For enlisted grades, there are only slight

differences between active duty insignia and

Junior ROTC insignia.

(3) Cadet officer grade insignia:

(a) Cadet Second Lieutenant—chevron of one

inverted stripe

(b) Cadet First Lieutenant—chevron of two

inverted stripes

(c) Cadet Captain—chevron of three inverted

stripes

(d) Cadet Major—chevron of one double-

wide inverted stripe

(e) Cadet Lieutenant Colonel—chevron of

two inverted stripes; one double-wide, one

regular

(f) Cadet Colonel—chevron of three inverted

stripes; one double-wide, two regular



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(4) Cadet enlisted grade insignia:

(a) Cadet Airman—pointed chevron of 1

stripe, with torch in the middle

(b) Cadet Airman First Class—pointed

chevron of 2 stripes, with torch in the

middle

(c) Cadet Senior Airman—pointed chevron of

3 stripes, with torch in the middle

(d) Cadet Staff Sergeant—pointed chevron of

4 stripes, with torch in the middle

(e) Cadet Technical Sergeant—pointed

chevron of 5 stripes, with torch in the

middle

(f) Cadet Master Sergeant—pointed chevron

of 6 stripes, with one stripe inverted above

the torch in the middle

(g) Cadet Senior Master Sergeant—pointed

chevron of 7 stripes, with two stripes

inverted above the torch in the middle

(h) Cadet Chief Master Sergeant—pointed

chevron of 8 stripes, with three stripes

inverted above the torch in the middle



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(5) Cadets, like active duty personnel, may wear

other insignia (badges).

(6) There are also ribbons authorized for wear on

the Air Force Junior ROTC uniform, as they

are awarded.



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REVIEW

The military uniform is the public symbol of our

nation's defense forces.

The military uniform evolved over many centuries.

It is important to know how to wear the Air Force

uniform properly.

Certain restrictions apply to wearing the military

uniform.

The AFJROTC uniform is the same, with certain

exceptions, as that worn by active duty Air Force

personnel.

Most AFJROTC units have published information

on the cadet uniform and how to wear it.

Special teams such as color guard, honor guard, and

saber teams may wear additional uniform items.

Drill team uniforms allow for greater flexibility for

completing complex drill routines.

There are guidelines for appearance and grooming

for both male and female cadets.

The standards for wearing the uniform consist of

four elements: neatness, cleanliness, safety, and

military image.

Grade insignia identify the rank of each member of

the Armed Forces.

The Air Force grade insignia system is broken down

into two categories: officer grades and enlisted

grades.

Enlisted grades are subdivided into two categories:

Noncommissioned Officers (NCO) and airman

grades.



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For enlisted grades, JROTC cadet grade insignia

and Air Force active duty grade insignia vary only

slightly.

For officer grades, JROTC cadet grade insignia and

Air Force active duty grade insignia are very

different from each other.



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CONCLUSION

In this lesson, we discussed the following:

1. What does the military uniform symbolize?

2. What is the history of the uniform?

3. How do you wear the Air Force uniform properly?

4. What are the AFJROTC uniform standards?

5. What are special team uniforms?

6. What are the guidelines for cadet appearance and

grooming?

7. What are the insignia of grade?

REMOTIVATION

The military uniform is a public symbol of the nation's

defense forces. It should be worn proudly, and it should be

worn properly.

CLOSURE

We've learned about the military uniform and appearance

standards for military personnel. Next, we’ll learn about the

customs and courtesies for the Air Force Junior ROTC.



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Checkpoints

Below are the answers to the questions at the end of Chapter 1, Lesson 2 in the student edition of

Leadership Education I: Citizenship, Character and Air Force Tradition. These end-of-lesson

questions are not assigned in the lesson plans or student workbooks. The answers are provided

here in case you want to assign any of them in your classes, for homework, or if your students

ask you about them. The answers are in the same order as the questions on page 33 of the student

book.

1. Bulk is the distance that the hair projects from the scalp when groomed. P 24

2. Grade insignia is the identification of rank for each member of the Armed Forces. P 24

3. The two categories of the Air Force insignia system are officer grades and enlisted grades. P 24

4. The grade insignia for a Major is a gold leaf. The grade insignia for a Brigadier General is a

silver star. The grade insignia for a Major General is two silver stars in a line. The grade insignia

for a Captain is two connected silver bars. The grade insignia for a General is four silver stars in

a line. The grade insignia for a Staff Sergeant is a chevron of four stripes. The grade insignia for

a Master Sergeant is a chevron of five stripes with one stripe in inverted position above the star.

The grade insignia for a Chief Master Sergeant is a chevron of five stripes with three stripes in

inverted position above the star. There is no grade insignia for an Airman Basic. The grade

insignia for a Senior Airman is a chevron of three stripes. P 26, 27, 29

5. First sergeants wear a diamond device above the star on their chevrons to distinguish them. P 26

6. First sergeants promote the welfare, morale, and health of enlisted personnel by working with

base agencies on special issues. First sergeants help commanders maintain discipline and

standards of conduct. They also provide professional guidance on matters of leadership,

military justice, and customs and courtesies. P 26–27

7. The highest position held by any enlisted personnel is Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force

(CMSAF). P 27

8. The CMSAF position was created to add prestige to the NCO corps. The creation of this

office, as well as the appointment of command chief master sergeants and the granting of

more responsibility to all senior NCOs, represented the Air Force’s concrete recognition of

the professionalism of its enlisted force, especially its NCOs. P 27–28

9. The grade insignia for a Cadet Second Lieutenant is a chevron of one inverted stripe. The

grade insignia for a Cadet Captain is a chevron of three inverted stripes. The grade insignia

for a Cadet Major is a chevron of one double-wide inverted stripe. The grade insignia for a

Cadet Colonel is a chevron of three inverted stripes—one double-wide and two regular. The

grade insignia for a Cadet Senior Airman is a chevron of three stripes. P 29, 30 NOTE:

Question # 9 erroneously asks for a description of an Air Force Junior ROTC First Sergeant



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device. Of course, this device is not authorized for AFJROTC, so please let your students

know that they should ignore this part of that question when accomplishing the Checkpoints

portion.

Applying Leadership Skills

10. Students’ responses should show their understanding of the appearance and grooming

standards. They should be able to identify improvements they would like to make and write

their goals for making these improvements. P 21–24

Documents

Chapter One, Introduction to Air Force Junior ROTC LESSON ...schoolwires.henry.k12.ga.us/cms/lib08/GA01000549/Centricity/Domain/1217/Leadership...Chapter One, Introduction to Air Force