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Chapter One
Introducing
Psychology
Introducing
Psychology
Journal Entry #1Journal Entry #1
What do hope to gain fromWhat do hope to gain fromtaking this class? taking this class?
Minimum of 100 wordsMinimum of 100 words
Psychology is:
• the scientific study of behavior and
mental (cognitive) processes
• a science that can involve both animals and humans
• when applied to humans covers everything people think (cognitive), feel (emotional) and do (physical)
Ruth’s Lunch Experience
Hungry-----------(Physiological)
Cafeteria------(Learned Behavior)
Only Time in Schedule…(Cognitive)
Enters the cafeteria
Smells food………… Hears dishes clanging………..(Sensory Perceptions)
Pays for lunch………..(Learned Behavior)
Looks for a social group………..finds no one and sits alone (Acceptable Norms/Social Rules)
Gary enters the cafeteria………….
Sits with Ruth………(Social Rule/Acceptable norm)
Ruth rememberd past experience……..(Cognitive)
Became Angry……………..(Emotional Response)
Said, “NO”…………(Behavioral Response)
Felt bad and Depressed…….(Psychological Disturbance)
Left the cafeteria……..(Physical Action)
Psychologists are always asking questions………..
Must combine accumulated knowledge to come to a psychologicalconclusion!!!!
99
Goals Of Psychology
• Describe
• Explain
• Predict
• Influence
Describe
• the first goal for any psychologist is to first describe or gather information about the behaviors displayed
Explain
• Psychologists seek to explain why people do what they do…..these are presented as a
Hypothesis
An educated guessA testable prediction
that is tested through scientific research
Theory
A complex explanationbased on finds from a large number of experimentalstudies
testing
Predicting
• Psychologists after gathering data try to predict what the subject will do in the future…..what they will think or feel in various situations
• by studying the past they try to predict the future
Influence
• Some psychologists upon realization of the problem or behavior in question, seek to influence or change that behavior in a positive way
Basic Science: (Research) The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake (specific findingsfrom one time and one place)
Applied Science: Usingscientific findings to accomplish practicalgoals
Psychology Relies on Observation………..Psychology Relies on Observation……….. xx
Psychology Relies on Psychology Relies on
Observation andObservation andInterpretationInterpretation
Observe the following works of art.Describe what is unusual about each
work.
What do you think the artists was trying to say to the viewer in each
work.
Rene`Rene`MagritteMagritte
““TheTheHumanHumanCondition”Condition”
OBSERVATIONOBSERVATIONPosition yourself so that you can Position yourself so that you can see into the hallway.see into the hallway.For the next 5 minutesFor the next 5 minutesrecord everything you observe. record everything you observe. (all senses) (all senses)
Avoid any value judgments orAvoid any value judgments orinferences about physical appearanceinferences about physical appearance
or behavior just observe.or behavior just observe.
Do you think psychologists canDo you think psychologists canlearn everything they need to knowlearn everything they need to knowabout people by observing onlyabout people by observing onlytheir behaviors?their behaviors?
Why or why not?Why or why not?
Journal Entry #2Journal Entry #2
Scientific Method
• In order to be credible:
psychologists must rely on the “Scientific Method” of collecting data… the use of various methods to accurately and consistently collect data….Methods which do not vary between studies
The Scientific MethodQuestion
Hypothesis
Experiment
Results
Conclusions
Theory Other psychologists testtheir theories
Chapter 1 Section 2Chapter 1 Section 2
A Brief History ofA Brief History ofPsychologyPsychology
600 B.C.
Philosophers begin to attempt to interpret the world and human perceptions
Mid 1500’s
Copernicus uses
Observation-
Earth not the center of the universe
1600’s many philosophers believed the mind and body to be separate “Duelism”
1650
Rene Descartes proposed a link between mind and body
1800’s discovery of cells (Modern Science) “Building Blocks of Life”
Periodic table of elements and understanding of atomic forces.
Hippocrates:Hippocrates:““Men ought to know that fromMen ought to know that fromThe brain and the brain only, The brain and the brain only, Arises our pleasures, joys, laughterArises our pleasures, joys, laughterAnd jests, as well as our sorrowsAnd jests, as well as our sorrowsPains, grief and tears”Pains, grief and tears”
•Which psychological pioneer wouldWhich psychological pioneer would be most likely to agree with Hippocrates?be most likely to agree with Hippocrates?
•Which would be the least likely to agree withWhich would be the least likely to agree withHippocrates?Hippocrates?
““Modern science began to Modern science began to emerge by combining Philosophers’emerge by combining Philosophers’reflections, logic and mathematicsreflections, logic and mathematicswith observations and inventiveness with observations and inventiveness of practical people.of practical people.
Subject: Psychopath Test for fun!Subject: Psychopath Test for fun!
While at the funeral of her own mother, a woman met While at the funeral of her own mother, a woman met
a man whom she did not know. She thought he was a man whom she did not know. She thought he was amazing. amazing. She believed him to be her dream partner; so much so She believed him to be her dream partner; so much so that she fell in love with him right then and there, but that she fell in love with him right then and there, but never thought to ask him for his number. She could not never thought to ask him for his number. She could not find him.find him. A few days later she killed her sister. A few days later she killed her sister. QUESTION: What was her motive for killing her QUESTION: What was her motive for killing her Give this some thought before you answer Give this some thought before you answer . .
ANSWER; She was hoping the guy would appear again ANSWER; She was hoping the guy would appear again
at her sister’s funeral.at her sister’s funeral.
If you answered this correctly, you think like aIf you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath. This was a test developed by a famous psychopath. This was a test developed by a famous American psychologist, used to test if one has the same American psychologist, used to test if one has the same mentality as a killer. Many arrested serial killers took part in mentality as a killer. Many arrested serial killers took part in the test and answered the question correctly.the test and answered the question correctly.
If you didn’t answer the question correctly, good If you didn’t answer the question correctly, good for you for you. If you did answer correctly it is no guarantee that you will be . If you did answer correctly it is no guarantee that you will be a serial killer…..THIS IS JUST FOR FUN!a serial killer…..THIS IS JUST FOR FUN!
Wilhelm Wundt (late 18-early-1900’s)• Designed and developed the first Psychology
lab
• Proposed the psychological experiences had two elements: 1. sensations
2. feelings
• Used the procedure of “Introspection” to collect data
• Established Psychology as a formal field of study
Psychology- Chapter 1 Sec. 2Psychology- Chapter 1 Sec. 2
Structuralism is_________________Structuralism is_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Functionalism is_________________Functionalism is_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Provide a written definition and drawing illustrating the followingProvide a written definition and drawing illustrating the followingTerms:Terms:
Inheritable Traits in relation toInheritable Traits in relation to Psychology refers to:Psychology refers to:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gestalt Psychology is____________Gestalt Psychology is________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Psychoanalytic Psychology isPsychoanalytic Psychology is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Behavioral Psychology is________Behavioral Psychology is____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Humanistic Psychology is__________Humanistic Psychology is________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cognitive Psychology is_________Cognitive Psychology is_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Biological Psychology isBiological Psychology is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sociocultural Psychology is______Sociocultural Psychology is__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Duelism is:Duelism is:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What did Rene Descartes believe:______What did Rene Descartes believe:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Journal Entry #3:Journal Entry #3:
Some psychologists believe creativity Some psychologists believe creativity and intuition play as much of a role in and intuition play as much of a role in Psychology as hard-and-fast scientificPsychology as hard-and-fast scientificlaws. What is your position:laws. What is your position:
1.1.Psychology is an art onlyPsychology is an art only2.2.Psychology is a science onlyPsychology is a science only3.3.Psychology is a combined art and Psychology is a combined art and science.science.
Psychology as a ProfessionPsychology as a Profession
Developmental PsychologistDevelopmental Psychologist
Clinical PsychologistClinical Psychologist
Forensic PsychologistForensic Psychologist
Educational PsychologistEducational Psychologist
Developmental PsychologistDevelopmental Psychologist
Industrial PsychologistIndustrial Psychologist
Community PsychologistCommunity Psychologist
Environmental PsychologistEnvironmental Psychologist
Counseling PsychologistCounseling Psychologist
PsychiatristPsychiatrist