CHAPTER NINECHAPTER NINE

QUICK STARTQUICK STARTWith a classmate write down three

facts they know about anxiety and depression.

Together write down as many words as you can think of that you associate with the term mental disorder.

Categorize the words as positive or negative.

What might this indicate about attitudes about mental disorders?

Vocabulary Vocabulary Write down and turn in the

vocabulary words for lesson one and two.

Brain storm with a classmate a list of words that stigmatize people experiencing mental disorders.

Discuss the impact of these words on a person who has a mental disorder and his or her family and friends.

WHAT ARE MENTAL WHAT ARE MENTAL DISORDERS?DISORDERS?

Mental Disorder is an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.

People are unable to cope with daily tasks, life changes, problems, or traumas.

20% of the U.S. Population is affected by mental disorder.

MENTAL DISORDERS MENTAL DISORDERS 1/3 of the people seek treatment.Many people are embarrassed or

ashamed. Stigma: is a negative label or mark

of shame. Mental disorders require medical

attention.Mental and emotional disturbances

involve imbalances in brain chemistry.

TYPES OF MENTAL TYPES OF MENTAL DISORDERS DISORDERS

1. Organic disorder is caused by a physical illness or an injury to the brain.

A. Brain tumorsB. InfectionsC. Chemical imbalancesD. Exposure to drugs or toxinsE. Injuries resulting in brain damage

TYPES OF METAL DISORDERS TYPES OF METAL DISORDERS

1. Functional disorder has a psychological cause and does not involve brain damage.A. May be from heredityB. StressC. Emotional ConflictD. FearE. Ineffective coping skillsF. Other conditions

FUNCTIONAL DISORDER FUNCTIONAL DISORDER

A. Tied to disturbing childhood events

B. Such as abuse

C. Serious illness

D. Traumatic death of a close relative

E. May be tied to divorce

F. Economic hardships

G. Natural disasters

ANXIETY DISORDERS ANXIETY DISORDERS 1. Anxiety disorder a condition in

which real or imagined fears are difficult to control.

2. 4 million Americans suffer from Anxiety Disorders

3. A chronic fear4. Four Categories

A. PhobiasB. Obsessive-compulsive disorderC. Panic disorderD. Post-traumatic stress disorder

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERS

1. Half of the people suffering from mental disorders are untreated.

2. 40% of the homeless have some form of mental/emotional health.

3. 20% of people in prison have a mental disorder.

PHOBIA PHOBIA A phobia is a strong and

irrational fear of something specific, such as snakes and spiders.

Mental health professionals believe that certain phobias are caused by childhood experiences.

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERDISORDER

A person is trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.

Obsessive refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal daily activities.

Compulsive refers to repeated, irresistible behaviors.

PANIC DISORDER PANIC DISORDER 1. A person has a sudden,

unexplained feeling of terror.2. Symptoms

A. TremblingB. Pounding heartC. Shortness of breathD. Dizziness

3. Fear and anxiety get in the way of a person’s ability to function and enjoy life.

PANIC DISORDER PANIC DISORDER

1. May occur at anytime or place2. Most likely triggered by a

particular object, condition, or situation

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

1. Is a condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm.

A. Often occurs after a person has been assaulted.

B. Military combatC. AccidentsD. Natural disasters E. Human made disasters

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

SymptomsFlashbacksNightmaresEmotional numbnessSleeplessnessGuiltProblems with concentration

MOOD DISORDERS MOOD DISORDERS

1. Is an illness, often with an organic cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living.

2. These mood disorders are extreme in both intensity duration.

CLINICAL DEPRESSION CLINICAL DEPRESSION

1. Sometimes depression doesn’t go away.

2. Feeling of sadness3. Hopelessness4. Despair 5. Last for more than a few weeks 6. Interfere with daily interests and

activities

CLINICAL DEPRESSION CLINICAL DEPRESSION 1. Last for more than a few weeks2. Can affect3. A person’s ability to concentrate4. Sleep5. Performance at school or work6. Everyday decision making7. Daily challenges Results from a chemical imbalance Professional help is needed

CLINICAL DEPRESSION CLINICAL DEPRESSION 19 million Americans are affected

by clinical depression each year.Depression often runs in familiesCan be caused by life events May be a symptom of substance

abuse or addictionAlcohol and drugs can affect

brain chemistry.

BIPOLAR DISORDER BIPOLAR DISORDER Manic-depressive disorderExtreme mood changesEnergy levelsExtreme behaviorManic high’s and Low’sTeens tend to alternate rapidly

between the two extremesTeens have few clear periods of

wellness between high’s and low’s

EATING DISORDERS EATING DISORDERS Psychological pressuresGenetic factorsObsession with the body image

and thinnessSuffer from life-threatening

disturbancesReal, treatable medical illness

EATING DISORDEREATING DISORDERAnorexiaBulimiaCan experience a wide range of

medical complicationsSerious heart conditionsKidney failureDeathPeople who suffer from an eating

disorder need to get medical help.

FIGURE 9.1FIGURE 9.1Please review Figure 9.1Manic SymptomsDepressive Symptoms

CONDUCT DISORDER CONDUCT DISORDER A pattern of behavior in which

the rights of others or basic social rules are violated.A. ExamplesB. LyingC. AggressionD. TruancyE. ArsonF. TheftG. Vandalism

CONDUCT DISORDERS CONDUCT DISORDERS 1. More common in males than

females.2. People may appear to have a

toughness image when in reality they suffer from low self-esteem.

3. May have anxiety, depression, and substance abuse.

4. Without treatment teens A. Unable to adapt to the demands of

childhood

CONDUCT DISORDERS CONDUCT DISORDERS A. Will continue to have problems

relating to othersB. Holding a jobC. Behaving in appropriate ways.

SCHIZOPHRENIA SCHIZOPHRENIA

1. Is a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality.

2. SymptomsA. DelusionsB. HallucinationsC. Thought disorders D. May be caused by a combination of

genetic factors and chemical structure in the brain

SCHIZOPHRENIA SCHIZOPHRENIA 1. Men and women are affected2. Between the ages of 15-353. 1% percent of the population 4. People who suffer have a

difficult time understanding reality and imaginary events.

5. Unpredictable behavior6. Difficulty functioning 7. Lack of good health habits

SCHIZOPHRENIA SCHIZOPHRENIA People are usually not a threat to

others.Professional help and medication

are necessary to successfully treat schizophrenia.

PERSONALITY DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS Personality refers to a person’s

individual’s unique traits and behavior patterns.

People behave and think in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others usually beginning in adolescence.

Constant conflict with others

PERSONALITY DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS

Antisocial personality disorder1. Unable to show remorse 2. Irritable3. Aggressive 4. Impulsive5. Violent

PERSONALITY DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS

1. Borderline personality disorderA. Trouble relationshipsB. Tend to engage in high risk

activitiesC. May have poor self-esteem

PERSONALITY DISORDERS PERSONALITY DISORDERS 1. Passive-aggressive personality

disorder 2. Uncooperative 3. Resent being told what to do,

but rely on other’s directions4. Many have poor self-esteem5. Fear of abandonment6. Frequently lash out violently at

the people they need most

SOCIAL STIGMA OF MENTAL DISORDERSSOCIAL STIGMA OF MENTAL DISORDERS

1. Use respectful language when referring to a person with a mental disorder

2. Emphasize abilities over limitations3. Express disapproval if someone

shows disrespect or inconsideration toward people with mental disorders.

4. Encourage people who have emotional problems to seek help.

LESSON TWO LESSON TWO

SUICIDE PREVENTION

QUICK START QUICK START Write down three danger signs

you might detect in someone who is thinking about suicide

Explain why you think these are warning signs of suicide

What do you think family members and friends can do to help a loved on who is exhibiting these signs?

LIFE CAN BE DIFFICULTLIFE CAN BE DIFFICULT

1. Alienation is feeling isolated and separated from everyone else.

2. Feeling become unbearable3. Some people may try drastic,

self-destructive measures to escape the pain.

SUICIDE SUICIDE Suicide is the most drastic of all

measures, is the act of intentionally taking one’s own life.

Suicide is a serious problemSuicide can be prevented

SUICIDE RISK FACTORSSUICIDE RISK FACTORS

1. Figure 9.2 page 231 2. Verbal signs

A. “I want to die”B. Writing poems, song lyrics, or diary

entries that deal with death

3. Nonverbal or behavior signsA. Violent actions, rebellious behaviorB. Withdrawal from friends

SUICIDE SUICIDE 1. IS NOT A MEANS OF SEEKING

ATTENTION!2. Extreme distress3. 90% of people suffer from

depression or another mental disorder

4. Abuse drugs or alcohol5. History of physical or sexual abuse6. History of suicide attempts7. Family history of suicide or

emotional disorders

STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE

It is important to recognize these signs in yourself or others can mean the difference between life and death

When anyone talks about committing suicide – it needs to be taken seriously

Never bargain with someone who is thinking about committing suicide.

SEEK ADULT ASSISTANCE IMMEDIATELY

STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE STRATEGIES TO PREVENT SUICIDE

People who appear to have a mental disorder need to be encouraged to seek professional help.

Need to have support and helpPeople suffering from depression,

extreme stress, or other emotional problems can often find a new purpose and happiness.

CRITICAL THINKING CRITICAL THINKING A person who suffers from

depression feels both hopeless and helpless.

How do those feelings make it difficult for a depressed person to get help?

What can be done to overcome those difficulties?

HELPING OTHERS HELPING OTHERS Connect “Make contact with friend”Listen (Take time to listen)Understand (Let the person know

that you empathize with his or her feelings)

Express (Say that you care, and stay with the person.)

Seek help (Encourage the person to talk to an adult, and tell an adult yourself.)

HEALTHY SKILLS ACTIVITY HEALTHY SKILLS ACTIVITY Complete healthy skills activity

on page 232.Write “What would you do

responses in your notebook”Turn in responses Discuss with the class

HELPING OTHERS HELPING OTHERS

1. People who are contemplating suicide often believe that their death will not matter to anyone.

2. Must be taken seriously3. Professional help is needed

immediately 4. Initiate a meaningful conversation

A. Show interest and compassionB. Listen closely

HELPING OTHERS HELPING OTHERS

1. Show support and ask questionsA. Remind them that most problems

have solutionsB. Make it clear you understand that

the person wants to end his or her pain, but emphasize suicide is not the answer

C. Tell them most surviors later express gratitude that they did not die.

HELPING OTHERS HELPING OTHERS

1. Try to persuade the person to seek help.

A. Encourage a person to talk to a parent, counselor, therapist, or other trusted adult.

B. Offer to go with the person to get help.

MULTIPLE SUICIDES MULTIPLE SUICIDES Cluster suicides: A series of

suicides occurring within a short period of time and involving several people in the same school or community.

May account for 5% of teens and young adult suicides.

May be a result of a pact or agreement between two people.

MULTIPLE SUICIDES MULTIPLE SUICIDES Often results when an individual

commit suicide in response to the suicide of a friend or a suicide that has been in the news.

CDCCDCCDC:1.Recommends evaluating close

friends and relatives of a suicide victim

2.Recommends that the media report does not glorify the victim

3.Over simplify the victim’s motivation

4.Portray the suicide as an understandable response to pressure or emotional pain.

LESSON THREELESSON THREE

GETTING HELP

QUICK START QUICK START On a sheet of paper, explain why

some people may find it difficult to seek help for mental and emotional problems.

Turn in at the end of the class periodRead Lesson 3-4 pages 234-243Vocabulary lessons 3-4Turn in at the end of the class periodGRA 31-32 DUE TODAY

KNOWING WHEN TO GET HELPKNOWING WHEN TO GET HELP

People usually need help most when we least feel like asking for it.

Feel trapped with no way out, or you worry all the time.

Your feelings affect your sleep, eating habits, school work, job performance, or relationships.

Your family or friends express concern about your feelings.

KNOWING WHEN TO GET KNOWING WHEN TO GET HELPHELP

You becoming involved with alcohol or other drugs.

You are becoming increasingly, violent, or reckless.

SIGNS THAT PROFESSIONAL HELP IS NEEDED SIGNS THAT PROFESSIONAL HELP IS NEEDED

Symptoms that are severe enough to require help from a mental health professional.

Prolonged sadness for no specific reason

Frequent outburst of angerOverwhelming fearAnxiety or anger at the world

SIGNS THAT PROFESSIONAL HELP IS NEEDED SIGNS THAT PROFESSIONAL HELP IS NEEDED

Unexplained change in sleep or eating habits.

Social withdrawalIf, you have any doubt about

your mental health, you should always get assistance.

Mental disorders may get worse if left untreated.

METHODS FOR SEEKING HELP METHODS FOR SEEKING HELP

1. People tend to wait to long to seek help.

2. People who are willing to listenA. Parents / guardiansB. TeachersC. School PsychologistD. CounselorsE. CoachesF. Clergy membersG. Crisis hot line

STUMBLING BLOCKS TO SEEKING HELP STUMBLING BLOCKS TO SEEKING HELP

Some people are afraid to seek help.People see problems as a sign of weakness

and not an illness.FACTS TO HELP A FRIEND OR YOURSELFAsk for help is a sign of strength and shows

responsibility for ones health.People with mental disorders can not get

better on their own. Sharing your deepest thoughts with a

“stranger” is not painful, but often times a relief.

THERAPY METHODSTHERAPY METHODSMental health professionals may

use any of several treatment methods, depending on his or her are of expertise and the needs of the patient.

PSYCHOTHERAPYPSYCHOTHERAPY

Psychotherapy is an ongoing dialogue between a patient and a mental health professional.

BEHAVIOR THERAPYBEHAVIOR THERAPY

Behavior therapy is a treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements.

COGNITIVE THERAPY COGNITIVE THERAPY

Cognitive Therapy is a treatment method designed to identify and correct distorted thinking patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that may be troublesome, self-defeating, and self-destructive.

GROUP THERAPYGROUP THERAPY

Group therapy involves treating a group of people who have similar problems and who meet regularly with a trained counselor.

BIOMEDICAL THERAPYBIOMEDICAL THERAPY

Biomedical Therapy is the use of certain medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder.

Can be combined with other treatments.

LESSON FOUR LESSON FOUR

UNDERSTANDING DEATH AND GRIEF

QUICK START QUICK START

What words come to mind when you imagine dealing with the loss of someone or something of great value? Write the word grief grief at the center of a sheet of paper. Write words associated with grieving on your paper, and make a word web by drawing lines from those words to the word griefgrief.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF LOSS DIFFERENT KINDS OF LOSS

Loss is a part of life.It is important to learn to cope

with a loss. RejectionLosing a big game or a starting

position.Death of a family member,

friend, or pet. Had to change schools

EXPRESSIONS OF GRIEF EXPRESSIONS OF GRIEF

1. Coping is dealing successfully with difficult changes in your life.

2. Grief process is an individuals total response to a major loss.

3. Each person responds to a loss in a different way.

4. A response may be different A. Sudden LossB. Long-term illness

THE GRIEVING PROCESS THE GRIEVING PROCESS Grieving process: Purpose to

reach closure, or acceptance of a loss.

There is no correct way of experiencing loss, but the stages of grief reflect a variety of reactions that may occur as people work through the process.

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Grieving Process Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Grieving Process

1. Denial or numbness: Protects the person from being overwhelmed by his or her emotions.

2. Emotional releases: Recognizing the loss: crying

3. Anger: Powerless, unfairly deprived, resentment towards life.

4. Bargaining: Promise to make a change, if the person could return even for a short while.

5. Depression: Isolation, hopelessness

6. Remorse: What could have been done to prevent the loss or closure.

7. Acceptance: Face reality

8. Hope: Look ahead to the future

COPING WITH DEATHCOPING WITH DEATHAllow time to reflect on who you

were before the loss.Who you will be after the grieving

process.Remember the wonderful things

about the person and the good times you shared.

Seek support of othersWrite a good-bye letter

HELPING OTHERS THROUGH THE GRIEVING PROCESS HELPING OTHERS THROUGH THE GRIEVING PROCESS

Mourning is the act of showing sorrow or grief.

You do not have to go through the grieving process alone.

Show empathy Share your memories and

appreciationTalk about your experiences and

memories.

GRIEF COUNSELING GRIEF COUNSELING

1. Community mental health services

2. Hospices3. Counselor 4. Therapist

COPING WITH DISASTERS AND CRISES COPING WITH DISASTERS AND CRISES

1. Traumatic or sudden events2. Spend time with other people3. Discuss your feelings4. Get back to a daily routine 5. Eat nutritious foods, exercise,

and get enough sleep.6. Do something positive to help

your community.