35
107 CHAPTER - III METHODOLOGY In this chapter, the methodology adopted for the selection of subjects, selection of variables criterion measures, reliability of data, procedure for administering the tests, orientation of subjects, time schedule for the collection of data and the statistical technique adopted for the analysis of the data were discussed. Selection of Subjects The subjects for the present study were the participants in the junior national Kabaddi championships who were below the age of 19 years. The study was conducted on one hundred junior national level male Kabaddi players from Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. All the players volunteered to take part in the study. Selection of Variables Kabaddi is a very popular game played throughout India. Very few research studies were undertaken on Kabaddi and there is a felt need to study the different factors, which contribute towards a successful performance. There is paucity literature in Kabaddi and several areas require research and investigation. The researcher, after taking the opinion of experts and taking into consideration the available literature, considering the administrative feasibility in terms of time, availability of subjects and feasibility to collect data, selected the variables pertaining to motor abilities and coordinative abilities. The following variables were chosen to study the Relationship of Selected Motor Ability variables with the game performance of Junior National Male Kabaddi players.

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107

CHAPTER - III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the methodology adopted for the selection of subjects,

selection of variables criterion measures, reliability of data, procedure for

administering the tests, orientation of subjects, time schedule for the collection

of data and the statistical technique adopted for the analysis of the data were

discussed.

Selection of Subjects

The subjects for the present study were the participants in the junior

national Kabaddi championships who were below the age of 19 years. The

study was conducted on one hundred junior national level male Kabaddi

players from Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.

All the players volunteered to take part in the study.

Selection of Variables

Kabaddi is a very popular game played throughout India. Very few

research studies were undertaken on Kabaddi and there is a felt need to study

the different factors, which contribute towards a successful performance. There

is paucity literature in Kabaddi and several areas require research and

investigation. The researcher, after taking the opinion of experts and taking into

consideration the available literature, considering the administrative feasibility

in terms of time, availability of subjects and feasibility to collect data, selected

the variables pertaining to motor abilities and coordinative abilities.

The following variables were chosen to study the Relationship of

Selected Motor Ability variables with the game performance of Junior National

Male Kabaddi players.

108

I. Motor abilities

1. Strength

2. Speed

3. Endurance

4. Flexibility and

5. Agility

II. Coordinative Ability

1. Balance

2. Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability

3. Space Orientation Ability and

4. Complex reaction Ability

Table 1 shows the selected motor ability and coordinative ability

variables and test selected for each variable for the study.

Table 1

Selected Motor Ability Variables and Tests

Sl.No Motor Ability Test

1. Muscular Endurance of Arms Push Up

2. Muscular Endurance of Abdomen Bent Knee Sit Up

3. Explosive Power of Arms Two Hand Medicine Ball Put

4. Explosive Power of Legs Five Double Leg Bounds

5. Running Speed 30 meter run (Standing Start)

6. Cardio respiratory Endurance 20 Meter Multi Stage Shuttle Run

(20-MST)

7. Stretch ability of legs Side Splits

8. Extent Flexibility of Trunk and

Shoulder

Trunk Twist

9 Agility SEMO Agility

10. Dynamic Balance Modified Bass Test of Dynamic

Balance

11. Kinesthetic Differentiation ability of

Upper Limbs

Backward Ball Throw

12. Space Orientation Numbered Medicine Ball

13. Complex Reaction Exercise Ball Reaction Exercise

14. Kinesthetic Perception of Lower

limbs

Distance Perception Jump

109

Criterion Measures

The researcher adopted the following criterion measure for the

collection of data.

1. Strength endurance was measured in terms of total number of repetitions

performed in case of muscular endurance of arms and abdomen. Arm

and leg power were measured in meters and centimeters.

2. Speed and agility were measured in seconds.

3. Endurance was measured in number of stages of 20 meter distance

covered and converted the raw score of stages into ml.kg-1

/min.

4. Flexibility of trunk and shoulder, and stretch ability of legs were

measured in centimeters.

5. Balance was measured in numerical number.

6. Kinesthetic differentiation ability of upper limbs was measured in

numerical number and of lower limbs was measured by centimeter.

7. Space Orientation ability was measured in seconds.

8. Complex reaction ability was measured in centimeters.

Orientation of Subjects

Before the administration of the tests all the subjects were clearly and

thoroughly oriented about the test procedure and purpose of the study. Subjects

were also explained about each test and the method of scoring. Tests were

administered in four sessions on two consecutive days, in the morning and

evening between 7 am and 10.30 am and between 3.30 pm and 6.30 pm, after a

thorough warming up. The tests selected for the study were conducted on

leveled surface which was non slippery.

Instrument Reliability

The equipment required for the conduct of the test were thoroughly

checked before there use and the investigator had orientated himself about the

procedure and method of handling the instruments. The equipment used were

110

in good condition and were accurate and there was no break down of test

administration owing to any problem. Standard equipment like split second

electronic stop watch (Seiko, Made in Japan SA820163 calibrated on 10th

March, 2001), tape recorder (Videocon S X –25 calibrated on 12th

March

2001), audiotape (TDK, D-90 Dynamic cassette low noise high output

calibrated on 12th

March 2001), measuring steel tape (calibrated on 10th

March

2001). Sliding measuring scale, Medicine ball, baseball, gymnastic mats and

hoop, number plates which were used were from reputed standard company

(Nelco, India) and were used for the conducted of tests.

Test Reliability

To test the reliability of the tests, the entire series of tests were

conducted twice under similar conditions on 25 subjects by adopting test- retest

method by the investigator. The co-efficient of correlation was computed for

the two measures of each variable and co-efficient of correlation obtained is

presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Reliability Coefficient of Test-Retest Scores of Selected Variables

Sl No Tests r

1 Push Up 0.90

2 Bent Knee Sit Up 0.91

3 Two Hand Medicine Ball Put 0.91

4 Five Double Leg Bounds 0.87

5 Thirty Meter Run 0.87

6 20 Meter Multi Stage Shuttle Run 0.87

7 Side Splits 0.87

8 Trunk Twist 0.90

9 SEMO Agility 0.90

10 Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance 0.87

11 Backward Ball Throw 0.87

12 Numbered Medicine Ball 0.87

13 Ball Reaction Exercise 0.93

14 Distance Perception Jump 0.84

111

PROCEDURE OF COLLECTION OF DATA

Push Up

Aim : To measure the muscular endurance of arms and shoulder girdle

Test Administration

The test was administered on a flat, evenly leveled floor, which was free

from obstacles. The subject was asked to take a prone laying position by

keeping both the palms slightly wider than shoulder width and both the feet

were kept apart and a straight-arm front leaning rest position was assumed with

toes touching the floor. The elbows were kept straight and neck held straight.

The subject then lowered the body until the chest touched the floor and then

pushed it upward to the straight-arm support. The exercise was continued for

as many repetitions as possible without stopping the movement and without a

pause during the course of Push-Up. While performing the Push-Up the subject

was asked to maintain the body in a straight line throughout the exercise

without raising the hip above the shoulder level. Full execution of movement

by pushing the upper body from the floor upward to straight-arm support was

counted as one correct Push-Up. Total number of correct Push-Ups executed

was counted as the score of the subject. No partial count was allowed and the

exercise was done continuously for as long as possible. Such actions as

stopping the Push-Up action in between, completely resting the body to the

floor and raising the hip above the shoulder was not counted as correct Push-

Up1.

Scoring

Maximum number of correctly performed Push-Up by each subject was

counted and recorded.

1Donald K. Mathew, Measurement in physical education (Philadelphia: W.B

Saunders Company, 1978), p.138.

112

Figure 1. Push Up

Figure 1a. Push UP

113

Bent Knee Sit Up

Aim : To assess the muscular endurance of abdominal muscles.

Test Administration

The subject was asked to take supine lying position on the flat, leveled

floor, which was free from obstacles. Both the knees were flexed with plantar

surface of the foot touching the floor and kept not more than 12 inches from the

buttocks at an angle less than 90 degrees. The palms placed behind back of the

neck with fingers clasped and elbows placed on the surface. The feet of the

subject were held by a partner to kept them touching with the surface. Subject

curled up and brought his head and elbow forward, finally, with the elbows

touched the knees. This action constitutes one repetition. Subject returned to

the starting position with his elbows on the surface before he sits up again. The

subject was asked to perform as many number of Sit Ups as possible without

any pause in between. No rest period was permitted between the Sit Ups2.

Scoring

Maximum number of Sit-Ups performed as explained above by each

subject was counted and recorded. No Sit-Up was counted if the subject does

not (a) keep the fingers clasped behind the neck, (b) bring both elbows forward

in starting to Sit Up without pushing off the floor with elbows or (c) return to

starting position, with elbows flat on the surface, before sitting up again.

2 Ibid., p.127

114

Figure 2. Sit UP

Figure 2a. Sit UP

115

Two- Hand Medicine Ball Put

Aim : To measure the explosive power of the arms.

Equipment : 2.6 Kg Medicine ball, One Chair, Steel Measuring Tape, Rope

Test Administration

Subject was asked to sit straight on a chair, back rested on the back of

the chair. Both the feet were kept on the floor comfortably. A rope was placed

around the subject’s chest and held tout to the rear by a partner in order to

eliminate rocking action during the push. A straight line was drawn touching

the forward edge of the chair. The subject held the medicine ball in both hands

with the hands drawn back against the chest and just under the chin. He then

pushed the ball upward and outward, for maximum distance. The subject’s

effort was primarily with the arms. The test was administered in a free area free

from obstacles on an evenly leveled floor3.

Scoring

The distance of the best of three trials measured to the nearest meter and

centimeter was recorded as the score. Three consecutively trials were permitted

to be taken. The distance was measured from the forward edge of the chair to

the point of contact of the ball with the floor.

3Barry L. Johnson and Jack K. Nelson, Practical Measurement for Evaluation

in Physical Education (4th ed.; Burgess Publishing, USA, 1986), p.214.

116

Figure 3. Two Hand Medicine Ball Put

Figure 3a. Two Hand Medicine Ball Put

117

Five Double Leg Bounds

Aim : To assess explosive power of legs and coordination

Equipment : Steel Measuring Tape, Color Marker

Test Administration

A leveled area free from obstacles was chosen for the conduct of the

test. The subject stood, with both feet together behind the starting line in a

comfortable stance. Subject was told to take five double leg bounds forward,

consecutively. Subject was told that there should be no pause or break in-

between bounds and no additional contacts with feet during the course of five

consecutive bounds. The subject stopped on the fifth jump4.

Scoring

The distance from the starting line to the heel of the rear foot of the fifth

bound was measured in meters and centimeters. Best of the three efforts was

counted and recorded.

4Richard W.Field, “Control test for Explosive Events”, National Strength and

Conditioning Association Journal, Vol. 11, (November, 1989), p. 63.

118

Figure 4. Five Double Leg Bounds

119

Thirty-Meter Run (Standing Start)

Aim : To measure the running speed.

Equipment : Electronic Stop watch, measuring tape.

Test Administration

A sufficiently large free flat area was chosen for the conduct of the test.

Two straight lines were drawn parallel to each other at a distance of thirty

meters from each other. The subject stood behind the starting line in a

comfortable position. On the command “go” the subject ran thirty meters

distance at top speed. A timer positioned in line with the finish line recorded

the time taken to cover the thirty-meter distance5.

Scoring

Time taken to cover 30 meter was recorded in 1/100 of a second.

5O.Diallo and other, “Effects of Plyometric Training followed by a reduced Training Programme on Physical Performance in Prepubescent Soccer Players”, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41.3, (Septmber, 2001), 342-48.

120

30 Meter

Finish

Start

Figure 5. 30 Meters Run

121

20 Meter Multi Stage Shuttle Run (20-MST)

Aim : To measure cardiovascular endurance.

Equipment: Recorded ‘bleep’ audiocassette and a tape player, Steel

measuring tape, Color Markers and cones.

Test Administration

The Multi-Stag Fitness shuttle run test, is also known as the ‘bleep’ or

‘beep’ or ‘shuttle run’ test, is used to estimate an athlete’s maximum oxygen

uptake. The 'bleep' test involves running continuously between two points that

are 20 meters apart. These ‘shuttle’ runs are performed in time to pre-recorded

‘bleep’ sounds on a pre-recorded audiocassette. The time taken between the

recorded ‘bleeps’ decrease after each minute. The test consists of 23 levels.

Each level lasts 60 seconds. A level is a series of 20-meter ‘shuttle runs’. The

starting speed is 8.5 km/hr and then increases by 0.5km/hr with each new level.

The audiotape used for this test gives a single ‘bleep’ at intervals, which

indicates the end of a shuttle, and 3 ‘bleeps’ indicates the start of the next level.

The subject was asked to start with his foot on or behind the starting

point. He ran from one line to other which was 20 meter apart continuously,

one foot touching the end line in accordance with a pace dictated by a sound

signal by the tape recorder. The running speed was increased every minute by

0.5 km/hour. The subject kept on running for as long as possible, until he can

no longer keep up with the speed set by the tape. The test was conducted on a

free-leveled area with sufficient free space for the subjects to run.

Such of those subjects who failed to reach the end of the shuttle before

the beep, were asked to try two or three more shuttles to try and make up the

pace before his test was ended. The subject was required to stop if, on two

consecutive laps, he failed to reach a line 3 meter from the end of the line, or

122

felt undue distress. The stage at which the subject dropped out was the test

result and served as an indicator of his cardio respiratory endurance6.

Scoring

The number of stages subject ran was counted, and that was the score of

that subject. Later the stages were converted into actual score by converting the

stage into subject’s maximum oxygen uptake ml/kg/min.

Side Splits

Aim : To Measure the stretch ability of legs

Equipment : Sliding measuring scale, Chalk Marker

Test Administration

The subject stood on a flat-leveled floor. From a standing position,

subject extended the legs apart, side-to-side and lowered the crotch as near to

the floor as possible. Both the arms were kept sideward. The movement

performed was slow and without bouncing actions. The knees were locked at

the time of lowering the body. When the subject reached the lowest point, the

tester measured the distance from crotch to the floor in centimeter. During the

lowering, an assistant stood behind the subject with the zero end of the

yardstick on the floor. When the lowest point was reached, the case was raised

upward until the ruler guide rested under the crotch. The subject’s arms may

touch the floor during the test. The subject was asked not to shift past the

vertical during the measurement7.

Scoring

The distance was recorded in centimeter from the floor to the crotch,

that is, lowest point. Best of the three trials was recorded.

6 http://www.fitnesszone.co.za/trainer7.htm, on line Internet, 20th December 2004.

7Johnson and Nelson, op.cit., p.91.

123

Start Line

20 m

Figure 6. 20 meter Multi stage Shuttle Run

124

Figure 7. Side Splits

Figure 7a. Side Splits

125

Trunk Twist

Aim : To measure extent flexibility of trunk and shoulder muscles in a lateral

movement.

Equipment: Calibrated wall-mounting scale with centimeter gradation, colored

Marker, Duster, Steel Measuring Tape and Adhesive Tape.

Test Administration

The subject stood in upright position. A line was drawn at right angle to

the wall. The subject stood by keeping his feet together and perpendicular to,

with toes touching the line drawn at right angle to the wall. The right-handed

subject stood with left side towards the wall and vise-versa, so that the fist can

just touch the wall, when the left arm is held horizontal. To assume the starting

position the right arm was raised side horizontal with palm down and fingers

extended together, and an assistant or partner placed a foot alongside the

subject’s right foot to prevent movement. From this position the subject

twisted clockwise reached back around as far as possible, touched the wall

scale momentarily with the right hand. The wall scale was 30” long, marked in

½” intervals, and of sufficient width to accommodate varying heights of

subject’s. The scale was aligned horizontally so that the 12” mark was directly

above the floor line8.

Scoring

One practice trial was given followed by one test trial. Distance from the

farthest point held at least two seconds and measured to the nearest inch was

the score. The score was then converted into centimeter.

8Carlton R. Meyers, Measurement in Physical Education (2nd ed.; New York:

The Roland Press Company, 1974), pp. 614-615.

126

Figure 8. Trunk Twist

Figure 8a. Trunk Twist

127

SEMO Agility

Aim : To measure general agility of the body in maneuvering forward,

backward and sideward.

Equipment : Stopwatch, Four Plastic cones, Steel Measuring tape.

Test Administration

A rectangle measuring 19 feet by 12 feet was marked by meeting of

points A, B, C and D on a leveled floor. The course was set up according to the

figure shown. Plastic cones were kept at four corners of the rectangle. The

subject was asked to run sideward from the start line ‘A’ on the signal “go”

upto B, and pass outside the corner cone and then backpedaled from B to D

and pass to the inside of the corner cone. The subject then sprinted forward

from D to A and pass outside the corner cone. He then backpedaled from A to

C and passed to the inside of the corner cone. He then sprinted forward from C

to B and passed outside of the corner cone. After this, he then side stepped

from B to finish at A. Stopwatch was stopped as soon as the subject crossed the

finish line. This was considered as one trial9.

Time taken to complete the course as mentioned above was recorded to

the nearest 1/100 of a second. The better of the two trials was recorded to the

nearest 1/100 of second.

9Johnson and Nelson, op.cit., p.230.

128

Figure 7. SEMO Agility

Figure 7a. SEMO Agility

129

Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance

Aim : To measure the ability to jump accurately and maintain balance during

and after movement.

Equipment: Stopwatch, steel-measuring tape, 1- by 3/4 of an inch marking

tape.

Test Administration

A straight line measuring 180 inch in length was drawn on the floor.

The tester pasted eleven 1 by ¾ inch pieces of marking tape on the floor at

regular intervals as depicted in the diagram along the 180 inch straight line.

The subject was told to stand with the right foot on the starting mark “S”, then

leaped to the first tape mark 1, with the left foot and tried to hold a steady

position on the ball of his left foot for as many seconds as possible upto 5

seconds. He then leaped to the second tape 2 with the right foot to repeat the

process and thus continued alternating the feet from tape to tape up to 10th

tape.

He remained on each tape mark for as many seconds as possible upto a

maximum of 5 seconds, and was asked to place foot on the tape completely to

cover it so that it cannot be seen10

.

Scoring

The score for each successful landing on a mark 5 points and in addition one

point was awarded for each second the balance was held upto a maximum of 5

seconds at each mark. A subject can thus earn a maximum of 100 points for the test.

A subject lost 5 points if he (1) failed to stop on the leaping leg, (2) any part of the

body or heel touched the ground with other then ball of the supporting foot, (3)

failed to completely cover the marking with the ball of the foot. When the subject

lost balance, he must step back on to the proper marker and then leap to the next

marker. A flat, free area was chosen for the conduct of the test.

10Johnson and Nelson, op. cit., pp.242-243.

130

Figure 10. Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance

Figure 10a. Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance

131

Backward Ball Throw

Aim : To find out the kinesthetic differentiation ability of the upper limbs

(extremity)

Equipment: Gymnastic mat measuring 2 meters by 1 meter, 01 medicine ball

of one kilogram weight, base balls-six numbers, hoop of 40 centimeter

diameter, a steel measuring tape.

Test Administration

The gymnastic mat was kept on the ground widthwise, two meters away

from the start line. The hoop 40 was placed on the middle of the mat. The

medicine ball was placed in the middle of the hoop. The base balls will be kept

inside a basket mounted on a tripod stand a yard away from the starting line.

The subject stood behind the starting line facing away from gymnastic mat. A

testing assistant handed over him baseballs one at a time so that the subject

throw them. The subject was asked to throw the baseball one after another over

the head backwards, aiming at the medicine ball kept at the center of the

gymnastic mat, taking not more than 15 seconds after each throw. Each subject

was given five throws11

.

Scoring

When the thrown ball touched the mat outside the hoop one point was

awarded. When the thrown ball touched the hoop, two points were awarded.

When the thrown ball touched the mat between the medicine ball and hoop,

three points were awarded. When the thrown ball touched the medicine ball,

four points were awarded. No point was awarded when the thrown ball missed

the gymnastics mat. A total points scored in five test trials was the score of the

player.

11Peter Hirtz, Koordinative Fakigkiten im Schulsports (Berlin:Volk und

Wissen,Volkseigner,1985), p. 133.

132

Figure 11. Backward Ball Throw

Figure 11a. Backward Ball Throw

133

Numbered Medicine Ball

Aim : To evaluate space orientation ability.

Equipment : Six medicine balls, Steel Measuring Tape, Electronic stop watch.

Test Administration

The course was arranged as shown in diagram (fig). Five medicine balls

of three-kilogram weight were arranged in a semi-circle with a distance of 1.50

meter away from the middle of each ball. The 6th

medicine ball weighing four

kilogram was placed three meters from the middle ball in the semi circle

towards the center. Single digit number plates were kept visible behind all the

five balls. The subject stood near the 6th

medicine ball facing opposite side. On

the signal, the subject made an “about turn” and ran and touched the particular

ball, the number of which was called by the tester and comes back, touched the

four kilogram medicine ball which was called as “leader ball”. Every time a

subject touched the medicine ball, as announced by the tester and rushed back

to touch the “leader ball” the tester called another number towards which the

subject ran. This was continued till the subject touched “leader ball” for the

third time after touching three medicine balls as announced by the tester. The

whole process was continuous. The time started on the signal “go”, and stop

watch was stopped when the subject touched the “leader ball” the third time.

This was considered as one chance. The places of numbered balls were

changed for different subjects before fresh trials12

.

Scoring

Time taken to complete one set was recorded to nearest 1/100 of a

second. Three trials were allowed to each subject and best was credited to the

subject

12Ibid. p. 134.

134

Figure 12. Numbered Medicine Ball

Figure 12a. Numbered Medicine Ball

135

Ball Reaction Exercise

Aim : To assess complex reaction ability.

Equipment: Wooden plank of four-meter length, ten-centimeters in width, and

two centimeter thick, graduated in centimeters lengthwise, one volleyball, steel

measuring tape, wall bar of 120-centimeter height and a whistle.

Test Administration

To assess the complex reaction ability, two wooden planks each 4-meter

length were kept slanting close to each other from 120 cm height from the wall

bar and the other ends of the planks were supported on the floor. Outer side of

the plank was graduated in centimeters. There was sufficient gap between the

planks for the volleyball to roll freely. The tester stood near the top end of the

wooden planks, supporting the volleyball kept between the planks preventing it

from rolling down. The subject was made to stand 150 cm away from the

lower end of the slanting plank towards the left and facing the opposite side.

On signal, the tester take off the hands from the ball and the subject rushed by

making an “about turn” towards the planks and tried to stop the rolling ball,

which was let loose on the signal. The ball was stopped with both the hands as

shown in the figure13

.

Scoring

The distance was measured from the top of the wooded plank to the

point where the volleyball was stopped. Each subject got two chances and the

best was recorded as the score of the subject in centimeter.

13Ibid., p.136.

136

Figure 13. Ball Reaction Exercise

Figure 13a. Ball Reaction Exercise

137

Distance Perception Jump

Aim : To measure ability to perceive distance by concentrating on the effort

involved in a jump.

Equipment : Steel Measuring tape, Blindfold, color Marker.

Test Administration

The subject stood behind the start line. He was instructed to sense the

distance between two lines, which were 24 inches apart, without a practical

trial. The subject was blindfolded and was asked to jump from behind the

starting line trying to land with the heels as close to the target line as possible.

The distance from heel to the target line was measured and recorded. He was

then allowed to see where he landed on each trial. Ten trials were given. The

course was laid according to Figure14

.

Scoring

For each jump the distance to the nearest centimeter from the target line

to the farthest heel was measured and recorded. The score for ten jumps was

recorded and aggregated.

Performance rating in team sports is a very hazardous task. Several

factors are to taken into consideration before rating the players performance

subjectively. It is imperative that the assessment should not be biased and it

must follow certain standard. Player should be given equal opportunities to

show their talent. In a game or in a competition, a player integrates variety of

skills, strategy, tactics and the outcome is the performance. A holistic approach

of assessment based on certain criteria helps in judging the performance, which

provides constructive feedback.

14Johnson and Nelson, op.cit., p.441.

138

Figure 14. Distance Perception Jump

Figure 14a. Distance Perception Jump

139

To rate the performance of Kabaddi players, three expert coaches who

have wide knowledge and experience in Kabaddi were named and were asked

to rate the performance of players while they participated in competition on a

ten point rating scale. The points awarded by the three expert coaches were

aggregated and divided by the three to get the average score for each subject.

The experts were informed to follow a uniform pattern of game observation

and to assess the performance and grade each player independently. Guidelines

and performance chart were provided to facilitate assessment of performance

during the competition and the same were given in Table 3 and Table 4.

Table 3

Guidelines for Assessment of Performance

Sl no Variables Criteria for awarding points Points

1 Positional

Play

Place of standing in relation to raider 1-2

To and forth movement in relation to raiders movement 3-4

Keeping safe when attacked by Raider 5-6

Escaping from attack and positioning back 7-8

Positioning and escaping when less players in defense and

keeping safe

9-10

2

Ability to

Initiate

Hold

Initiation of Individual Hold 1-2

Initiation of Individual Hold and reaching the raider 3-4

Individual hold with combination 5-6

Reaching the raider for different Chain hold 7-8

Any successful hold and gaining point for the team 9-10

3 Ability to

Support

Reaching the raider to support the initiator 1-2

Reaching the raider to support the initiator and hold at right time 3-4

Supporting during chain hold 5-6

Support during follow through action 7-8

Support during raider’s escape/counter moves in crucial

situations

9-10

4 Tactics of

defense

Defense during aggressive raid 1-2

Defense when there are less defense players 3-4

Defense not allowing bonus line crossing 5-6

Defense and not allowing scoring opportunity to raider 7-8

Depth in defense and not allowing the raider to score points

and baulk line defense without allowing point to raider

9-10

5 Raiding

Ability

Variation in Raiding techniques 1-2

Variation in Raiding techniques and raiding on bonus line 3-4

Raiding when the players are less (3,4 and 5 players) and

scoring points

5-6

Raiding for points 7-8

Penetrating defense and scoring points along with bonus

points

9-10

140

Table 3. (Continued)

6 Leg

Touches

Executing successful leg touch 1-2

Executing successful leg touch to earn a point 3-4

Executing successful leg touch to earn a point with bonus

point

5-6

Executing successful leg touch to earn two points 7-8

Executing successful, successive leg touches in the same

raid and to earn more than two points and bonus points

9-10

7 Hand

Touches

Executing successful hand touch 1-2

Executing successful hand touch to earn a point 3-4

Executing successful running /turn and hand touch to earn a

point with bonus point

5-6

Executing successful hand touch to earn two point 7-8

Executing hand touches by disturbing the defense and

earning two are more points by fainting movement and

earning bonus point

9-10

8

Tactics of

Raid

Raiding for point 1-2

Use of counter moves for leg touches/hand touches 3-4

Use of turns and falls for escaping 5-6

Use of falls /slides/jumping over anti to escape and earning

two are more points

7-8

Playing for lona/ baulk line and earning point for the team

on crucial time

9-10

9 General

Behavior

Obey of rules, decision given by official 1-2

Obey of rules, decision given by official and playing

without dangerous game,

3-4

Obeying official, captain of the team, playing, playing

without dangerous game

5-6

Obeying captain, Obeying official and co-operating with

team mates, playing without dangerous game

7-8

Punctual, hard working, obeying captain and officials,

without playing dangerous game, no warning cards and team

member attitude

9-10

10 Control

Adjusting system (when there are 6-7 players) according to

raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when there

are 6-7 players)

1-2

Adjusting system (when there are 3-4-5 players) according

to raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when

there are 3-4-5 players)

3-4

Adjusting system (when there are 6-7 players) according to

raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when there

are 6-7 players. To score points

5-6

Adjusting system (when there are 3-4-5 players) according

to raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when

there are 3-4-5 players

7-8

Systems of play and not allowing raider to score points in crucial

situations and scoring point through defense/Raiding under very

crucial situation and securing point by escaping from hold

9-10

141

Table 4.

Performance Rating Scale for Assessment of Performance

of Junior National Male Kabaddi Players

Sl No Variables Performance Points

1 Positional Play 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 Ability to Initiate Hold 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3 Ability to Support 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4 Tactics of defense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5 Raiding Ability 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6 Leg Touches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7 Hand Touches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8 Tactics of Raid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

9 General Behavior 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10 Control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total Point scored by Player

Instructions for the expert:

1. Expert should encircle the number in each category.

2. Expert should assess each category separately and independently.

3. Point secured by each player in each category is to be totaled and

divided by ten to get the performance rating of the player.

STATISTICAL PROCEDURE

The following statistical procedure were adopted facilitating analysis

and interpretation of data.

1. To establish the difference between the selected independent criterion

variables and offensive and defensive Kabaddi players “t” value was

computed.

2. To establish the relationship of various independent criterion variables,

with dependent variable, Pearson product moment correlation was

computed.

3. To find out the predictor of performance in Kabaddi Multiple regression

and stepwise regression was computed.